Molecular genetics study guide – Flashcards
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Meischer
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First to discover and isolate DNA from cells
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Hershey and chase
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First to determine that DNA is the molecule that contains hereditary information
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Watson and crick
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Discovered that DNA has a double helix structure
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Wilkins and franklin
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Used x-ray Crystallography experiments to help determine the structure of DNA
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Main role of DNA
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translation
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Three parts of DNA nucleotide
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Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and Nitrogenous base
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Four nitrogenous bases in DNA
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Adenine guanine thymine and cytosine
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Nitrogenous bases that are purines
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Adenine and guanine
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Nitrogenous bases that are pyrimidines
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Thymine and cytosine
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Base pairing rules
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Adenine bonds with thymine, and guanine bonds with cytosine
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What does a hydrogen bond hold
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Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar
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What does a covalent bond hold
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Nitrogenous base pairs
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DNA is named after...
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Copying of DNA is called...
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Replication
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Helicase
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Unwind and unzip the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous base pairs
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Polymerase
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Build the new DNA polymers
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ATGGATTA
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UACCUAAU
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Translation
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The role of DNA in the cell
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Three parts of an RNA nucleotide
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Ribose sugar phosphate group and nitrogenous base
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Nitrogenous bases in RNA
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Adenine guanine urucil and cytosine
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What Nitrogenous bases RNA are purines
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Adenine and guanine
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what nitrogenous bases in RNA are pyrimidines
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Urucil and cytosine
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RNA is named after...
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ribonucleic acid
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Function of mRNA
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Carries instruction for making proteins from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes
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Structure of mRNA
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Structure is a single straight chain of nucleotides
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Codons
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Sequence of three mRNA nucleotides
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Function of tRNA
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Carries amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
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Structure of tRNA
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Structure is a single chain of nucleotides folded into a hairpin/Cloverleaf shape
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Anti-codons
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Sequences of three tRNA nucleotides that are complementary to mRNA codons
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Function of rRNA
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Makes up the structure of the ribosomes
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Structure of rRNA
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Has a globular structure
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Transcription
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DNA to mRNA
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Translation
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mRNA to amino acid
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Function of RNA polymerase
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Produces primary transcription
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What kind of bond holds amino acids together in a protein
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Covalent bond
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What is another name for protein
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Polypeptide
