Module 8 (Exam Review) – Flashcards
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President Roosevelt's actions to protect the environment included all of the following except A) Setting aside millions of acres as national forests B) Creating wildlife reserves C) Designating national monuments D) Establishing new national parks E) founding the Sierra Club
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E (founding the Sierra Club)
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Who said, "I aimed at the nation's heart, but hit it in the stomach"? A) Theodore Roosevelt, about the four-way election of 1912 B) Alice Paul, about the practical impact of her campaign for woman suffrage C) John D. Rockefeller, about his sponsorship of medical research on venereal disease D) "Golden Rule" Jones, about the disgusting conditions he had discovered in Toledo, Ohio E) Upton Sinclair, about the revolting descriptions in his novel The Jungle
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E (Upton Sinclair, about the revolting descriptions in his novel, The Jungle)
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What legal philosophy was Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., propounding when he said, "The life of the law has not been logic; it has been experience"? A) In a world that was basically irrational, only legal principles were completely logical. B) American law was becoming too based on the whims of judges, and it had to return to its foundations in ancient court cases. C) The English laws that had been laid down in the time of Henry IV were the epitome of logic and rightfully the basis of American jurisprudence. D) Law has to evolve as society changes and cannot rely exclusively on sacred legal principles and ancient precedents. E) all of these
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D (Law has to evolve as society changes and cannot rely exclusively on sacred legal principles and ancient precedents)
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The term "muckrakers" referred to A) procurers involved in the white slave trade. B) journalists and writers who exposed political corruption and corporate wrongdoing. C) opponents of Woodrow Wilson. D) capitalists who sought new locations for new business opportunities. E) women who spread mud on the grounds of the White House to protest being denied the vote.
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B (journalists and writers who exposed political corruption and corporate wrongdoing)
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Which of the following statements best captures Woodrow Wilson's attitude toward American pacifists during World War I? A) He had contempt for them. B) He believed that they were, at heart, German spies. C) He admired their idealism and logic and felt they were pursuing a valid path to peace. D) He believed that they were America's "secret weapon" in the struggle against evil. E) He hoped that their voices of dissent would keep American resolve pure and strong.
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A (He had contempt for them)
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Which of the following best summarizes the philosophy of W.E.B. DuBois? A) full racial equality for African Americans B) gradual progress for African Americans, working within boundaries whites had established C) Taking advantage of education and following in the footsteps of the plans advocated by Booker T. Washington D) Aggressive prosecution of lynch mobs E) Concentration on the election of African American leaders
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A (full racial equality for African Americans)
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Which of the following was not part of Wilson's Fourteen Points for peace? A) open covenants, arrived at without secret negotiations B) freedom of the seas C) arms reduction D) removal of trade barriers E) sanctions for Russia, for withdrawing from World War I
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E (sanctions for Russia, for withdrawing from World War I)
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Why did black Americans migrate to Northern cities during World War I? A) The federal government had used the wartime emergency as an opportunity to end Southern sharecropping. B) Southern blacks knew that race relations in the North were idyllic compared with those in the South. C) They were seeking the economic opportunities afforded by Northern industrial expansion. D) They had been told that Northern agriculture was more prosperous than Southern agriculture. E) They knew of the Northern race riots and decided to move North to help their brothers.
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C (they were seeking the economic opportunities afforded by Northern industrial expansion)
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What was the goal of urban planners and architects like Daniel Burnham? A) to rebuild the typical American city with stronger materials, so that a catastrophe like the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire would never be repeated B) to reroute the flow of railroad and vehicular traffic at grade level directly through the heart of the city, so that all urban dwellers would see and appreciate such symbols of economic progress C) to eliminate slums by building low-income housing on previously unused lakefront property D) to rebuild the urban landscape with grand boulevards, imposing squares, monumental buildings, and extensive recreational facilities, and thereby restore the public's pride in metropolitan America E) to improve highways leading to the suburbs, so that merchants could build grand commercial palaces where the people could shop for all their needs
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D (to rebuild urban landscape with grand boulevards, imposing squares, monumental buildings, and extensive recreational facilities, and thereby restore the public's pride in metropolitan America)
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Which of the following won the Nobel Peace Prize for brokering a peace agreement between the Russians and Japanese? A) Woodrow Wilson B) John Pershing C) William McKinley D) Theodore Roosevelt E) John Hay
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D (Theodore Roosevelt)
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The Creel Committee on Public Information A) was established by Woodrow Wilson to ensure that the American people had access to the full truth about the war. B) used propaganda to spread the U.S. government's official version of the war. C) was a propaganda agency secretly sponsored by the German foreign ministry. D) worked to drum up support for the election of Republican presidential candidate George Creel. E) attempted to turn public opinion against immigrants by painting them as agents of foreign revolution.
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B (used propaganda to spread the US government's official version of the war)
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All of the following were candidates for president in 1912 except A) Eugene V. Debs B) William Howard Taft C) Theodore Roosevelt D) Woodrow Wilson E) Warren G. Harding
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E (Warren G. Harding)
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What was the fundamental difference between the temperance movement in the Progressive Era and the temperance crusades of earlier eras? A) Temperance in the Progressive Era was a purely secular movement because Protestant ministers refused to have anything to do with typical Progressive leaders. B) The Progressive movement focused on legal abolition of alcohol rather than persuading individual drunkards to "take the pledge." C) Progressive Era temperance work stayed on a state and local level and avoided the national political arena. D) There were no influential Progressive-era anti-drinking organizations E) all of these
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B (The Progressive movement focused on legal abolition of alcohol rather than persuading individual drunkards to "take the pledge")
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The War Industries Board A) allocated raw materials. B) established production priorities. C) coordinated military purchasing. D) coordinated competing businesses E) all of these
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E (all of these)
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President Theodore Roosevelt's attitude toward labor disputes differed from that of his predecessors in that A) He tended to favor big business B) He was a tireless advocate for the labor movement C) He used a "hands-off" approach and let workers and bosses settle their own disputes D) he was active in settling an important strike and defended the rights of workers to organize E) He asked the attorney general to prosecute union organizers to foster a pro-commercial climate
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D (he was active in settling an important strike and defended the rights of workers to organize)
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The Treaty of Versailles A) was ratified by the U.S. Senate in modified form. B) was never ratified by the U.S. Senate. C) was rejected by the Senate during Wilson's tenure, but ratified after he left office. D) was approved by joint resolution of Congress. E) was approved in a narrow vote, as long as the U.S. did not participate in the League of Nations.
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B (was never ratified by the US Senate)
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This Socialist leader organized a political party in the U.S. and ran for president in 1912: A) William Haywood B) Samuel Gompers C) Eugene V. Debs D) Robert La Follette E) Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
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C (Eugene V. Debs)
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When the United States entered World War I, the American army was A) woefully unprepared, with little combat experience and an aging officer corps. B) almost non-existent because of the pacifist tendencies of the Wilson Administration. C) at its peak of fighting form after a year-long preparedness campaign. D) staffed with mainly green draftees. E) staffed with recruits and draftees drawn only from young men with the highest IQs.
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A (woefully unprepared, with little combat experience and an aging officer corps.)
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During the early 20th century, American cities went through a period of rapid growth, during which A) many of them had great difficulty providing the basic necessities of safe water, sewage facilities, garbage collection, and fire protection. B) the urban middle class expanded. C) health conditions in immigrant wards were so bad that their death rates were sometimes twice the national average. D) the immigrant population expanded. E) all of these
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E (all of these)
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The Zimmermann telegram A) pledged that Germany would not sink any more merchant ships without giving warning and saving civilians. B) proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico to conquer the United States; after victory, Mexico would receive New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. C) demonstrated that Austria-Hungary had turned its back on Germany in order to save Italy. D) contained proof that the Germans were committing such atrocities as bayoneting babies. E) revealed Germany's designs to conquer and colonize much of Central and South America.
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B (proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico to conquer the United States; after victory, Mexico would receive New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona)
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Jim Crow laws were A) a method of imposing strict segregation on, for example, streetcars, trains, schools, parks, public buildings, and cemeteries. B) declared in the Danbury Hatters case to be unconstitutional. C) laws instituted by many Northern municipalities in the early 20th century in an effort to ensure honest and effective government. D) federal laws outlawing discrimination in public accommodations. E) none of these
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A (a method of imposing strict segregation on, for example, streetcars, trains, schools, parks, public buildings, and cemeteries.
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According to John Dewey, schools should A) teach self-reliance, hard work, and honesty. B) serve as the handmaidens of industry by teaching subjects that were most needed by the business world. C) become the instruments of reform by encouraging interdependence and cooperation D) preserve the role of the teacher as the unquestioned authority. E) guard against experimentalism.
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C (become the instruments of reform by encouraging interdependence and cooperation)
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It is fair to say that President Wilson A) sacrificed his health and reputation for his ideals. B) compromised on the most important issues facing the country after World War I. C) is remembered as someone who created a system for lasting peace. D) served in a distinguished manner even after having his dreams crushed by Congress. E) successfully negotiated a treaty that delayed another world war for as long as possible.
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A (sacrificed his health and reputation for his ideals)
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Theodore Roosevelt's reaction to the Russo-Japanese War included all of the following, except he A) was pleased to see Russian expansionism checked. B) was concerned that a Russian loss would disrupt the balance of power in the Far East. C) wished to strengthen the balance of power by encouraging Japanese expansion in the Far East. D) feared that Japanese victory would threaten America's position in the Philippines. E) wanted the two sides to negotiate a settlement.
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C (wished to strengthen the balance of power by encouraging Japanese expansion in the Far East)
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The fight over this valuable resource resulted in bitter political battles in the west in the early 20th century: A) Gold B) Oil C) water D) Land E) Waterfront property
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C (water)
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By 1900, what was the general attitude of most employers toward work-related accidents and illnesses? A) Few employers accepted any responsibility for the frequent accidents and illnesses. B) Most employers had begun to provide generous vacations and retirement benefits. C) Most had been convinced by Progressive reformers that each employer had to take care of his or her own employees and help them prepare for a healthy retirement. D) Few were prepared to deal with the problem themselves, but most had become convinced that the federal government should institute a workers' compensation program. E) Most believed that programs to help workers during times of illness would result in a nation of sissies.
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A (few employers accepted any responsibility for the frequent accidents and illnesses)
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Which of the following best describes Woodrow Wilson's policy toward Mexico? A) heavy use of air power to force Mexican rebels to capitulate B) cautious concern about upsetting the balance of power south of the border C) idealistic plans for encouraging political and social democracy D) moralistic pronouncements backed by military force E) a refusal to have anything to do with Mexico until the Mexican people learned to elect good leaders
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D (moralistic pronouncements backed by military force)
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The assassination of the heir to the throne of ___ provided the spark that set off World War I. A) Bosnia-Herzegovina B) Russia C) Serbia D) Croatia E) Austria-Hungary
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E (Austria-Hungary)
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The Roosevelt Corollary A) claimed that the United States had the right to act as a policeman in Latin America, to keep order and prevent chronic wrongdoing. B) was issued to justify the role the United States played in ending the Russo-Japanese War. C) reversed that part of the Monroe Doctrine that stated the United States would not intervene in European affairs. D) demanded that Germany pay reparations for the sinking of the Lusitania. E) warned the European powers and Japan not to exclude American business interests from China.
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A (claimed that the United States had the right to act as a policeman in Latin America, to keep order and prevent chronic wrongdoing)
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All of the following hurt Wilson's chances for successfully working with the Senate on a treaty to end World War I, except A) failure to consult with the Senate. B) failure to consult with Republicans. C) his long trip overseas to deal with Treaty issues. D) his unwillingness to compromise. E) his belief in disentangling the United States from future involvement in world affairs.
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E (his belief in disentangling the United States from future involvement in world affairs)
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In The Promise of American Life, Herbert Croly argued that A) the United States needed an activist government that would serve all citizens. B) concepts such as democracy, nationalism, and individualism had no relevance in Modern America. C) engineers, because of the stern discipline of their profession, were better fitted to lead society than the business class. D) the theory of evolution through "survival of the fittest" supported an ideology of unrestrained economic competition. E) the central dynamic of American history was not the actions of Washington policy makers, but the social and political experience of generations of western pioneers.
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A (the United States needed an activist government that would serve all citizens)
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Why did many Progressives advocate restricting immigration to the United States? A) They believed immigrant-dominated big cities to be center of social problems; therefore, the immigrants should be restricted B) They believed that urban planners had to be given time to clear the slums and redesign the boulevards so that immigrants would see America at its best. C) They believed that it was cruel to allow immigrants to come to America if they were going to have to work in unhealthy factories. D) They believed that until the U.S. economy had been reformed, it could never expand rapidly enough to incorporate waves of immigrants. E) They feared that immigrants would support labor unions and thereby reduce the influence of individual Progressive organizations.
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A (they believed immigrant-dominated big cities to be center of social problems; therefore, the immigrants should be restricted)
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Florence Kelley used the pressure of the National Consumers' League to help eliminate A) Protection for endangered species B) Child labor C) Alcohol abuse D) Settlement houses E) Illegal immigration
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B (child labor)
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The "irreconcilables" specifically opposed A) Wilson's trip to the treaty conference. B) the Fourteen Points. C) American participation in the League of Nations. D) the war guilt clause. E) the reparations to be paid by Germany.
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C (American participation in the League of Nations)
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The Mann Act of 1910 A) established the Pure Food and Drug Administration. B) made it a federal crime to transport a woman across a state line "for immoral purposes." C) limited unions' right to set up boycotts in support of strikes. D) beefed up the Interstate Commerce Commission's rate-setting powers. E) none of these
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B (made it a federal crime to transport a woman across a state line "for immoral purposes)
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IQ (Intelligence Quotient) testing of World War I recruits in America proved that A) Most Americans were "morons B) Many soldiers lacked the intelligence to serve C) Mental wards were doing an admirable job treated those with mental illness D) many recruits lacked formal education and cultural sophistication E) standardized tests were impractical
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D (many recruits lacked formal education and cultural sophistication)
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What was President Wilson's first official response when war broke out in Europe in 1914? A) He announced a blockade of Europe on behalf of the Allied Powers. B) He announced an embargo of all American products, so that the United States would not repeat the mistakes of the War of 1812. C) He announced a declaration of neutrality and called on the nation to be neutral in thought as well as action. D) He asked Congress to declare war on Germany to prevent a victory by a militaristic continental power. E) He announced a preparedness campaign in order to promote armaments and military training.
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C (he announced a declaration of neutrality and called on the nation to be neutral in thought as well as action)
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In Schenck vs. United States, the Supreme Court A) Struck down provisions of the espionage act B) Struck down the sedition act C) Affirmed concerns about the first amendment on behalf of those opposed to the Sedition Act D) Verified the government's ability to censor free speech in any event E) upheld the suppression of freedom of speech where a "clear and present danger" to the U.S. existed
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E (upheld the suppression of freedom of speech where a "clear and present danger" to the US existed)
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The following were muckrakers, except A) Lincoln Steffens. B) Ida Tarbell. C) Gifford Pinchot. D) David Graham Phillips. E) Maria Van Vorst.
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C (Gifford Pinchot)
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Why did temperance advocates receive a boost from World War I? A) They pointed out that the biggest breweries--like Pabst, Schlitz, and Anheuser-Busch--had German names. B) They said it was unpatriotic to use grain to manufacture whiskey and gin, at a time when food had to be conserved. C) They said that beer was a German plot to undermine America's moral fiber and fighting qualities. D) Americans were able to view prohibition as a war measure. E) all of these
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E (all of these)
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Herbert Hoover made a reputation through his efforts in this field in World War I: A) food administration B) The War Industries Board C) Army Intelligence D) Naval strategy E) War bond drives
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A (food administration)
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How did events in Russia hasten America's entry into World War I? A) The communist takeover resulted in renewed vigor in the Russian war effort B) the created ion of a provisional democratic government helped characterize the war as a battle for democracy C) The execution of the Russian royal family put an end to any dynastic monarchy in Russia D) Vladimir Lenin pledged his support to the defeat of Germany E) Americans were swayed by stories and photos of starving and suffering Russian peasants
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B (the created ion of provisional democratic government helped characterize the war as a battle for democracy)
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African American soldiers during World War I A) Received equal treatment and pay B) were largely subject to harassment and assigned to menial tasks C) served in desegregated units for the first time D) engineered many large scale rebellions against military order, resulting in hundreds imprisoned E) almost universally resisted the draft, after being encouraged to do by their leaders
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B (were largely subject to harassment and assigned to menial tasks)
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Margaret Sanger was a pioneer advocate for the issue of A) Anti-lynching B) birth control C) anti-child labor D) union organization E) settlement houses
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B (birth control)
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.The War Labor Board encouraged businesses to A) end child labor B) initiate an eight-hour workday C) bargain with unions D) all of the above E) none of the above
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D (all of the above)
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Which of the following was written by Thorstein Veblen? A) Woman's Work in Municipalities B) The Theory of the Leisure Class C) The New History D) The Passing of the Great Race E) Democracy and Social Ethics
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B (The Theory of the Leisure Class)
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Dollar diplomacy refers to A) Woodrow Wilson's allowing U.S. bankers to lend more than $2 billion to the Allies between 1915 and 1917. B) William Howard Taft's promotion of U.S. commercial interests abroad. C) U.S. negotiations with Franz Ferdinand's central bankers to prevent war mobilization. D) Theodore Roosevelt's financing of the building of the Panama Canal. E) Wall Street's eagerness for the United States to enter World War I.
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B (William Howard Taft's promotion of US commercial interests abroad)
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The Treaty of Versailles enacted all of the following measures against Germany except A) Disarmament B) Billions of dollars worth of reparations payments C) Stripped of its colonies D) Forced to admit sole blame for the war E) Divided into two nations, East and West Germany
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E (divided into two nations, East and West Germany)
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President Taft alienated progressive members of his party, nicknamed "the insurgents," by A) signing a bill to raise tariffs B) shutting down national parks C) restoring powers taken away from powerful Speaker of the House Joe Cannon D) supporting the Mann-Elkins Act E) vigorously prosecuting anti-trust cases
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A (signing a bill to raise tariffs)
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Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door notes were clear evidence of the influence of ___ on American foreign policy A) Partisan politics B) economic and commercial issues C) imperialistic attitudes D) racist policies E) wariness about the increasing power of Russia
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B (economic and commercial issues)
