Modern World History Chapter 12: Transformations Around the Globe – Flashcards
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Opium
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Drug that China asked Britain to stop trading because of addiction; Britain refused
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Opium War
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Conflict between Britain and Chinese over a trading item; Britain defeated Chinese outdated navy
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Treaty of Nanjing
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Ended Opium War; Britain got Hong Kong
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Taiping Rebellion
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Effort to make a peaceful Chinese kingdom started by Hong Xiuquan; peasant army took control of land in southeast Asia and declared Nanjing capital; over 20 million people died
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Hong Xiuquan
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Started the Taiping Rebellion
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(Empress) Cixi
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Chinese ruler who supported the self-strengthening movement; promoted modernization and industry
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Open Door Policy
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Proposed by USA for Japan; allowed all nations to trade, preventing colonization of China and protecting US trade
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Boxer Rebellion
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Conflict between peasants and Europeans against foreign privileges and Christianity
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Boxers
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Peasants who fought against foreign privileges and Christianity
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Matthew Perry
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US sailor sent to Tokyo Harbor with steam ships; convinced Japan to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa
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(Treaty of) Kanagawa
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Treaty that opened Japanese ports with the US and later, other countries
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Meiji Era
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Time period promoting modernization to prevent foreign influence in Japan
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Germany
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Country that Japan based its modernization off of
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Sino-Japanese War
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Conflict in which Japan drove Chinese out of Korea and gained Taiwan
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Russo-Japanese War
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Conflict between Russia and Japan; fought over Korea and Manchuria; Japan won
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Treaty of Portsmouth
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Ended Russo-Japanese War; Japan gained territory in Manchuria and kept Russia out of Korea
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Caudillos
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Military dictators in Latin America; political instability
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Refrigerator
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Invention that expanded exportable goods (beef, fruits, vegetables)
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Monroe Doctrine
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Issued by US; said North America would protect each other to prevent European colonization
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Jose Marti
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Lead the Cuban independence war
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Spanish American War
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US helped Cuba defeat Spain; After- US took all Spain's territories and controlled Cuba's new government
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Panama Canal
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Connected the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans; thousands died building it from disease and floods
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Roosevelt Corollary
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Labeled the US as the police force for the Western Hemisphere
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Santa Anna
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Led independence fight against Spain; elected president in 1833; exiled because of loss of Mexican land; exiled; returned as dictator; exiled again in 1855
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(Treaty of) Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Treaty in which the US gained 1/3 of Mexican land
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Benito Juarez
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Native Zapotec who worked for reform in Mexico; made president in 1861
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La Reforma
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Reform movement of Juarez; liberal reforms favored lower class
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France
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Country that invaded Mexico
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Porfirio Diaz
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Caudillo in the mid 1870s; overthrew the president; supported by military, elite, natives; ruled as a dictator until 1911; "order and progress"; eventually stepped down
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(Francisco) Madero
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Ran for Mexican president in 1910- arrested and exiled by Diaz; elected president in 1911 but unpopular; resigned and assassinated
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Pancho Villa
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Led the Mexican Revolution in the North; popular hero of the poor
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Emiliano Zapata
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Led the Mexican Revolution in the South
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(General) Huerta
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Took over Mexico for 13 months after Madero; overthrown by Villa and Zapata
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Carranza
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Put in power in Mexico by Villa and Zapata; killed Zapata; ended civil war; later overthworn
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Institutional Revolutionary Party
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Took over Mexico after Carranza; kept peace and stability
