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The Decade That Roared

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1920s

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Automobile

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a self-propelled passenger vehicle that moves

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Henry Ford

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1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

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Assembly line

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In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. Developed by Ford

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Model T

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A cheap and simple car designed by Ford. It allowed for more Americans to own a car.

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Automobile Industry

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Economic revolution across the United States

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Federal Highway Act of 1921

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This act, an accomplishment of the Eisenhower administration, authorized $25 billion for a ten- year project that built over 40,000 miles of interstate highways. This was the largest public works project in American history.

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Gas stations

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began to dot the world. Mechanics began to earn a living fixing the inevitable problems

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Motels

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Began to line the major long-distance routes

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Diner

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A food and beverage business that often serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner and can be open 24 hours per day; serves combination of fast food and restaurant fare.

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Traffic Jams

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many cars stopped on the road and are moving very slowly. First time experiencing

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Effects of the automobile

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Created a nation of paved roads. Led to increased freedom for the younger generation. Rural areas became less isolated. Our nation began to take vacations

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Eighteenth Amendment

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prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

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Advantages to prohibition

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Consumption of alcohol actually decreased during the decade

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Disadvantages to prohibition

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Volstead Act, Near beer, and Speakeasies

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Volstead Act

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Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.

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Near beer

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regular beer without the alcohol

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Speakeasies

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not-so-secret bars hidden from public view

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Organized crime

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A business supplying illegal goods or services

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Al Capone

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A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.

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Bootlegging

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the act of making of transporting alcoholic liquor for sale illegally

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Twenty-First Amendment

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Repealed prohibition

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The Teenage Phase

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was becoming a reality in America. American adolescents were displaying traits unknown among children and adults. Although the word teenager did not come into use until decades later, the teenage mindset dawned in the 1920s

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High School

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Pattern of failure or success, extracurriculars and electives help students stay engaged and ease the transition

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Equal Rights Amendment

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constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender

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Margaret Sanger

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1921 - founded American Birth Control League; which became Planned Parenthood in the 1940s. Advocated birth control awareness.

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Birth Control

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Any method used to reduce births, including celibacy, delayed marriage, contraception; devices or medication that prevent implantation of fertilized zygotes, and induced abortions

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Flappers

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were northern, urban, single, young, middle-class women.

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Sigmund Freud's

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model of the human personality has three parts

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Clara Bow

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an American actress who rose to stardom in the silent film era of the 1920s; her acting artistry and high spirits made her the premier flapper; leading sex symbol of the roaring twenties

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White supremacy

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the prejudice that members of the white race are superior to members of other races

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Great Migration

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1630s- 70,000 refugees left England for New World

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Harlem Renaissance

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A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

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Langston Hughes

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African American poet who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.

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Claude Mckay

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A poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919.

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Jean Toomer

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Author whose novel Cane, which pictured the lives of simple folk in Georgia's black belt and the sophisticated African-American middle class in Washington, D.C., was perhaps the greatest single creation of the Harlem Renaissance.

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Zora Neale Hurston

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African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance

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Their Eyes Were Watching God

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book made by Zora Neale Hurston

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Shuffle Along

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first musical written, produced, and performed by African Americans

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Paul Robeson

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African American actor and singer who promoted African American rights and left-wing causes

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Jazz

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A style of dance music popular in the 1920s

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Improvisation

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meant that no two performances would ever be the same

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Cotton Club

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A speak easy where blacks played but could not be apart of the audience. One of the most famous Harlem nightspots.

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Duke Ellington

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..., Born in Chicago middle class. moved to Harlem in 1923 and began playing at the cotton club. Composer, pianist and band leader. Most influential figures in jazz.

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Bessie Smith

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"the Empress of the Blues"

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Billie Holiday

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(1915-1959) - famous Jazz singer, recorded with some of best jazz musicians, one of first black singers to break colour barrier, "Strange Fruit", known for her romantic ballads

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Jerry Roll Morton

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-Pianist, bandleader, and composer, like to generate publicity for himself

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Louis Armstrong

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..., Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.

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Advertising

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A paid form of communication sent out by a business about a product or service.

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Household Work

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where mothers opted out of the workforce and choose instead to stay at home and nurture their children

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Supermarkets

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large stores specializing in groceries with self-service and wide assortments

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"Buy Now, Pay Later"

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term used to describe america's consumer culture of the 1920's, when advertising began to influence the choices of purchasers

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Roaring Twenties

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1920-1929

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Lines of Credit

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Agreements made by a bank to lend money at a stated interest rate whenever the owner needs it. A fee is charged for the privilege whether the money is used or not, and interest is charged on any money that is used.

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Installment Plans

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Customers could buy goods by making a small down payment followed by additional monthly payments with interest

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Credit

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An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future.

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Commercial Radio

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provided a link to larger national community of consumption

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Frank Conrad

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started the first radio station......KDKA in Pittsburgh

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Guglielmo Marconi

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An Italian pioneer who invented the radio.

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Transmitter

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An agent or intermediary with which the sender works to develop the marketing communications

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Warren G. Harding

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president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI

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James Cox

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was a Governor of Ohio, U.S. Representative from Ohio and Democratic candidate for President of the United States in the election of 1920.

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Federal Radio Comminsion

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created to restore order on the radio

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Radio Corporation of America

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private sector monopoly that dominated the wireless industry and expanded American communication technology globally

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National Broadcasting Company

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the first national radio network, formed in 1927.

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Fades

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movements from the back to the image or the reverse

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The Charleston

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A jazz dance that embodied the jazz age with wild and reckless moves. Took over dance halls and ballrooms in the 1920s.

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Miss America Pageant

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Held in 1921, first winner was Margaret Gorman of Washington

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Flagpole Sitting

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a fad of the 1920s where people would perch on top of flagpoles for hours

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Avon Foreman

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Fifteen-year-old of Baltimore set the amateur standard — ten days, ten hours, ten minutes, and ten seconds.

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Mah-Jongg

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chinese game played with tiles marked with several different suits or designs

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Crossword Puzzle

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A word game in which students complete a grid.

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Book-of-the-Month Club

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enabled publishers to bypass bookstores by selling books directly to consumers

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Time

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magazine

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Henry Luce

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Founded Time Magazine in 1923

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Briton Hadden

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buddies with henry luce and they come up with time magazine. he was the mag's first editor & inventor of its revolutionary writing style (timestyle)

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Dewitt Wallace

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Editor of Reader's Digest.

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Readers Digest

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Published in 1922. Condensed and tightly edited articles for people on the go in the 20s.

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Charles Lindbergh

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United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)

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Spirit of St. Louis

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a custom airplane used by Charles Lindbergh to make the first solo, non-stop trans-Atlantic flight

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Ty Cobb

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Record for lifetime batting average.

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Babe Ruth

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"Home Run King" in baseball, provided an idol for young people and a figurehead for America

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Red Grange

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Outstanding football player at University of Illinois

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Jack Dempsey

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Famous boxer

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Gertrude Ederle

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First woman to swim across the English Channel

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