Modern Database Management – Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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One application of data warehouses is:
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decision support.
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Older systems that often contain data of poor quality are called ________ systems.
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legacy
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A database is an organized collection of ________ related data.
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logically
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Which of the following types of data can be stored in a database?
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Voice, Letters, Numbers
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Data processed in a way that increases a user's knowledge is:
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information.
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Data that describe the properties of other data are:
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none of the above.
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All of the following are properties of metadata EXCEPT:
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processing logic.
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One disadvantage of file processing systems is:
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limited data sharing.
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Program-data dependence is caused by:
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file descriptors being stored in each application.
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Because applications are often developed independently in file processing systems:
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unplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the exception.
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Organizations that utilize the file processing approach spend as much as ________ of their IS development budget on maintenance.
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80 percent
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A graphical system used to capture the nature and relationships among data is called a(n):
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data model.
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A person, place, an object , an event or concept about which the organization wishes to maintain data is called a(n):
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entity.
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________ are established between entities in a well-structured database so that the desired information can be retrieved.
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Relationships
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Relational databases establish the relationships between entities by means of common fields included in a file called a(n):
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relation.
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All of the following are primary purposes of a database management system (DBMS) EXCEPT:
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providing an integrated development environment.
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A(n) ________ is often developed by identifying a form or report that a user needs on a regular basis.
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user view
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With the database approach, data descriptions are stored in a central location known as a(n):
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repository.
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A user view is:
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a logical description of some portion of the database.
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Which organizational function should set database standards?
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None of the above
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________ is a tool even non-programmers can use to access information from a database.
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Structured query language
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of database systems?
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Redundant data
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The most common source of database failures in organizations is:
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failure to implement a strong database administration function.
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A rule that CANNOT be violated by database users is called a:
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constraint.
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In a file processing environment, descriptions for data and the logic for accessing the data are built into:
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application programs.
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Databases may be more expensive to maintain than files because of:
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all of the above.
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Which of the following is NOT a cost and/or risk of the database approach?
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Improved responsiveness
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The need for consensus on data definitions is an example of which type of risk in the database environment?
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Organizational conflict
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A knowledge base of information on facts about an enterprise is called a(n):
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repository.
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Which of the following is software used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to databases?
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Database management system (DBMS)
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A centralized knowledge base of all data definitions, data relationships, screen and report formats, and other system components is called a(n):
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repository.
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CASE is a class of tools that:
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automates the design of databases and application programs.
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Languages, menus, and other facilities by which users interact with the database are collectively called a(n):
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user interface.
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Database development begins with ________, which establishes the range and general contents of organizational databases.
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enterprise data modeling
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The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain and replace information systems is called the:
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Systems Development Life Cycle.
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The SDLC phase in which every data attribute is defined, every category of data is listed and every business relationship between data entities is defined is called the ________ phase.
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analysis
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The SDLC phase in which database processing programs are created is the ________ phase.
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implementation
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The SDLC phase in which the detailed conceptual data model is created is the ________ phase.
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analysis
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Organizing the database in computer disk storage is done in the ________ phase.
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design
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An iterative methodology that rapidly repeats the analysis, design, and implementation phases of the SDLC is called:
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RAD.
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One of the most popular RAD methods is:
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prototyping.
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The three-schema approach includes which of the following schemas?
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Internal
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________ analyze the business situation and identify the need for information and information services to meet the problems or opportunities of the business.
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Systems analysts
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________ concentrate on determining the requirements for the database component of an information system.
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Database analysts
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E. F. Codd developed the relational model in the:
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1970s.
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Which of the following is NOT an objective that drove the development and evolution of database technology?
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The desire to require programmers to write all file handling functionality
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The period that can be considered a "proof of concept" time was the:
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1960s.
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A relatively small team of people who collaborate on the same project is called a(n):
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workgroup.
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A workgroup database is stored on a central device called a(n):
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server.
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Which of the following is an integrated decision support database with content derived from various operational databases?
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Data warehouse
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A data warehouse derives its data from:
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Various operational data sources.
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Which of the following will interfere with access to operational databases?
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Unstructured and unpredictable use of data
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Information is processed data.
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Answer: TRUE
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In practice, databases today may contain either data or information.
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Answer: TRUE
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Metadata are data that describe the properties of other data.
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Answer: TRUE
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Databases were developed as the first application of computers to data processing.
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Answer: FALSE
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File processing systems have been replaced by database systems in most critical business applications today.
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Answer: TRUE
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Unplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the exception in file processing systems.
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Answer: TRUE
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With the traditional file processing approach, each application shares data files, thus enabling much data sharing.
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Answer: FALSE
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Development starts from scratch with the traditional file processing approach because new file formats, descriptions, and file access logic must be designed for each new program.
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Answer: TRUE
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Organizations that utilize the file processing approach spend only 20 percent of development time on maintenance.
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Answer: FALSE
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Many of the disadvantages of file processing systems can also be limitations of databases.
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Answer: TRUE
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A data model is a graphical system used to capture the nature and relationships among data.
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Answer: TRUE
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A well-structured database establishes the entities between relationships in order to derive the desired information.
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Answer: FALSE
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A person is an example of an entity.
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Answer: TRUE
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The data that you are interested in capturing about an entity is called an instance.
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Answer: FALSE
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A relational database establishes the relationships between entities by means of a common field.
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Answer: TRUE
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Separation of metadata from application programs that use the data is called data independence.
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Answer: TRUE
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Data redundancy is used to establish relationships between data but is never used to improve database performance.
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Answer: FALSE
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Redundancy increases the risk of inconsistent data.
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Answer: TRUE
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A user view is how the user sees the data when it is produced.
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Answer: FALSE
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One reason for improved application development productivity with the database approach is that file design and low-level implementation details do not need to be handled by the application programmer.
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Answer: TRUE
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The data repository assists database administrators in enforcing standards.
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Answer: TRUE
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The failure to implement a strong database administrative function is the most common source of database failures in organizations.
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Answer: TRUE
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A constraint is a rule in a database system that can be violated by users.
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Answer: FALSE
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End users can often retrieve and display data easily with a relational database.
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Answer: TRUE
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Reduced program maintenance is an advantage of file processing systems.
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Answer: FALSE
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Cost and complexity are just two of the disadvantages of database processing.
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Answer: TRUE
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The term legacy system refers to a newly installed database management system.
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Answer: FALSE
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A modern database management system automates more of the backup and recovery tasks than a file system.
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Answer: TRUE
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Organizational commitment to a database project is not necessary for its success.
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Answer: FALSE
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Repositories are always used in file processing systems.
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Answer: FALSE
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The user interface includes languages, menus, and other facilities by which users interact with various system components.
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Answer: TRUE
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Personal databases are designed to support a small group of individuals working together on a project.
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Answer: FALSE
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Database development begins with the design of the database.
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Answer: FALSE
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An enterprise data model describes the scope of data for only one information system.
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Answer: FALSE
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Database development projects are never done in a bottom-up fashion.
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Answer: FALSE
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The systems development life cycle is the traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems.
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Answer: TRUE
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The steps of the systems development life cycle can only be viewed as a linear process.
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Answer: FALSE
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Enterprise modeling sets the range and general contents of organizational databases.
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Answer: TRUE
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All projects move from the planning-enterprise modeling step to the planning-conceptual data modeling step of the systems development life cycle.
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Answer: FALSE
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The repository is populated during the analysis phase of the systems development life cycle.
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Answer: TRUE
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The physical structure and storage organization of the database is decided upon during the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle.
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Answer: FALSE
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Database processing programs are coded and tested during the design stage of the systems development life cycle.
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Answer: FALSE
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Data from prior systems is converted to the new system during the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle.
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Answer: TRUE
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Database maintenance is typically the longest step of the database development process.
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Answer: TRUE
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Characteristics of the structure of the database are generally changed during the implementation phase of the database development process.
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Answer: FALSE
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Prototyping is a type of rapid application development.
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Answer: TRUE
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In prototyping, implementation and maintenance activities are repeated as necessary until the product is correct.
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Answer: TRUE
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Visual programming tools such as Visual Basic have made prototyping more difficult.
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Answer: FALSE
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In 1998, ANSI/SPARC published an import document describing the three-schema architecture.
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Answer: FALSE
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The conceptual schema is always technology specific.
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Answer: FALSE
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The external schema contains a subset of the conceptual schema relevant to a particular group of users.
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Answer: TRUE
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A physical schema contains the specifications for how data from a conceptual schema are stored in a computer's secondary memory.
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Answer: TRUE
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The internal schema consists of the physical schema and the enterprise data model.
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Answer: FALSE
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Systems analysts work directly with both management and users to analyze the business situation and develop detailed project specifications.
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Answer: FALSE
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Database architects establish standards for data in business units.
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Answer: TRUE
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E. F. Codd developed the relational data model during the 1970s.
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Answer: TRUE
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The relational data model is no longer popular in the 21st century.
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Answer: FALSE
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Although personal databases improve productivity, one risk is that data cannot be shared with other users.
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Answer: TRUE
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The most common way to support a group of individuals who work together on a project or group of similar projects is with a two-tier client/server database.
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Answer: TRUE
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Each member of a workgroup accesses data located on a database server.
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Answer: TRUE
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In two-tier database architectures, little functionality needs to be programmed into the client application.
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Answer: FALSE
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Applications built with a multitier architecture are meant to support departments.
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Answer: TRUE
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Multitier client/server database applications contain a business logic layer.
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Answer: TRUE
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The scope of an enterprise application is one workgroup or department.
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Answer: FALSE
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An enterprise resource planning system integrates all functions of the enterprise.
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Answer: TRUE
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A data warehouse contains summarized and historical information.
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Answer: TRUE
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An intranet utilizes Web-based technology to improve communication with parties outside of the organization.
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Answer: FALSE
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An extranet uses Internet protocols to establish limited access to company data by the company's customers and suppliers.
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Answer: TRUE
