MOD6 - Chapter 27 - 39 - Flashcards

question

Which of the following vessels has the thickest muscular walls that allow constriction and dilation? Answer Arteries Capillaries Veins Lymphatic vessels

answer

Arteries

question

In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange take place and also has the thinnest walls through which oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can pass? Answer Capillaries Microvenules Arterioles Veins

answer

Capillaries

question

Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain one-way blood flow? Answer Arteries Capillaries Veins Arterioles

answer

Veins

question

Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of pressure? Answer Veins Arteries Venules Capillaries

answer

Arteries

question

Which of the following BEST describes the function of blood? Answer It is a life-giving liquid that supports all the body's functions to maintain hypoperfusion. It clots, flows, transports, protects, and excretes to fight disease and life. It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation. It flows from the heart with the vital gases and nutrients to maintain lack of perfusion.

answer

It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation.

question

Which of the following BEST describes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at the body's cellular level? Answer Hydrostatic pressure Perfusion Osmosis Circulation

answer

Perfusion

question

Which of the following is another way of describing the condition of shock? Answer Internal bleeding Hypotension Hypoperfusion Hemorrhage .

answer

Hypoperfusion

question

Which of the following is the major cause of shock that the EMT will encounter? Answer Vomiting High blood pressure Hemorrhage Excessive sweating

answer

Hemorrhage

question

Your patient is a 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has abrasions on both knees and the palms of both hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example of bleeding from which of the following types of vessels? Answer Veins Arteries Lymphatic vessels Capillaries

answer

Capillaries

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding? Answer Steady flow Dark red color Spurting under pressure Both B and C

answer

Spurting under pressure

question

In the average adult, the sudden loss of ___________ cc of blood is considered serious. Answer 150 500 1,000 750

answer

1,000

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of venous bleeding? Answer It commonly requires the use of pressure point compression. It can be profuse, but is generally easily controlled. It cannot lead to life-threatening amounts of blood loss. It often requires the use of a tourniquet.

answer

It can be profuse, but is generally easily controlled.

question

Which of the following may occur when there is bleeding from a large vein? Answer Transmission of bloodborne illnesses Air embolism Hypoperfusion All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following must be kept in mind when considering the severity of external bleeding? Answer Signs of shock do not appear until a large amount of blood has been lost. The amount of blood loss is easily estimated by the amount of blood visible on the ground. A younger person can tolerate more blood loss than an older one. All of the above

answer

Signs of shock do not appear until a large amount of blood has been lost.

question

Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external bleeding? Answer To prevent hypoperfusion To prevent the spread of infectious diseases To make clean up of the ambulance and your equipment easier after the call To prevent the patient from becoming upset at the sight of blood

answer

To prevent hypoperfusion

question

Which of the following is the most effective way of controlling external bleeding? Answer Running cold water over the wound Using direct pressure with a dressing Elevating the affected part Using an ice pack

answer

Using direct pressure with a dressing

question

Your patient is a 28-year-old male who cut his thigh with a chain saw. It appears that he has lost about 600 cc of blood. Which of the following is NOT part of the proper management of this patient? Answer Use of a tourniquet Replacement of fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water Using direct pressure to control the bleeding Administering oxygen

answer

Replacement of fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water

question

Your patient is a 12-year-old boy who ran his arm through a glass window and has an 8-inch laceration on his anterior forearm. You have applied a pressure dressing and bandage, but these have become saturated due to continued bleeding. Which of the following should you do now? Answer Remove the pressure dressing and bandage, apply an ice pack to the wound, and bandage it in place with an elastic bandage. Elevate that arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent. Apply additional dressing material, bandage it in place, and apply pressure to the brachial artery. Remove the pressure dressing and bandage, apply direct pressure with your gloved hand, and elevate the arm.

answer

Elevate that arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent.

question

If you do not have a commercial tourniquet available, what common device found on the ambulance can be used as a substitute? Answer Air or vacuum splint Blood pressure cuff Ice packs tied in place with triangle bandage Use a rope tie-down to make a tourniquet

answer

Blood pressure cuff

question

The most common form of a hemostatic agent is: Answer hemostatic granular. hemostatic dressings. hemostatic tourniquet. hemostatic powder.

answer

hemostatic dressings.

question

In which of the following instances would PASG be an appropriate choice to control bleeding? Answer Multiple lacerations to the lower extremities A knife impaled in the abdomen A laceration of the large veins of the neck A gunshot wound to the chest

answer

Multiple lacerations to the lower extremities

question

Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be used? Answer Apply a bulky dressing and bandage over the tourniquet. Apply the tourniquet over the elbow or knee. Use a material that is wide and thick. Remove the tourniquet as soon as bleeding is controlled to minimize further damage to the limb.

answer

Use a material that is wide and thick.

question

Which of the following is NOT recommended when controlling epistaxis? Answer Pinching the nostrils together Keeping the patient calm and quiet Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose Placing the unconscious patient in the recovery position

answer

Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose

question

Which of the following is responsible for most of the signs and symptoms of early shock? Answer External bleeding Internal bleeding Dilation of the peripheral blood vessels The body's attempts at compensation for blood loss

answer

The body's attempts at compensation for blood loss

question

Your patient is a 19-year-old motorcyclist who has crashed into a parked car and was ejected from his motorcycle. He was wearing a helmet; he is awake, shivering, and anxious. The patient is pale, with slight cyanosis of his lips, a slightly increased respiratory rate, and a rapid, thready radial pulse. Bystanders state that there was no loss of consciousness. The patient has abrasions to his hands and face, and blood is saturating the thigh area of both legs of his jeans. A rapid trauma assessment reveals that the patient has swelling and deformity of both thighs. Which of the following is NOT appropriate in the on-scene management of this patient? Answer The use of a long backboard The use of traction splinting for the lower extremity injuries The use of PASG The use of high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask

answer

The use of traction splinting for the lower extremity injuries

question

When deciding where to transport a patient who is in hypovolemic shock or who has the potential for developing hypovolemic shock, which of the following is the most important service to be provided by the receiving hospital? Answer Critical-care nursing Immediate surgical capabilities Availability of a chaplain Rehabilitation services

answer

Immediate surgical capabilities

question

Which of the following circumstances may result in hypoperfusion? Answer There is external bleeding. Blood vessels are dilated. The heart is damaged. All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is a consequence of hypoperfusion? Answer Cellular waste products are not removed. Cells are not supplied with nutrients. Cells are not supplied with oxygen. All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112 per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 122/82 mmHg. He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of steps in the management of this patient? Answer High-concentration oxygen, elevation of the extremity, and application of ice Cervical spine immobilization, high-concentration oxygen, direct pressure, and pressure point compression High-concentration oxygen, tourniquet, PASG, and elevation of the extremity Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg

answer

Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg

question

Which of the following is part of the body's compensatory response to blood loss? Answer Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases. Blood vessels dilate and the heart rate increases. Blood vessels dilate and the heart rate decreases. Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate decreases.

answer

Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases.

question

Which of the following signifies a failure in the patient's compensatory response to blood loss? Answer Hypotension Tachycardia Tachypnea Pale, cool skin

answer

Hypotension

question

Which of the following is the most sensitive indicator of hypoperfusion? Answer Delayed capillary refill Dilation of the pupils Increased heart rate Altered mental status

answer

Altered mental status

question

Which of the following distinguishes irreversible shock from other stages of shock? Answer Cell damage and death in the vital organs Altered mental status Delayed capillary refill time Low blood pressure

answer

Cell damage and death in the vital organs

question

Which of the following is NOT indicated in the management of a patient in shock? Answer Minimizing on-scene time Delaying a detailed exam until en route to the hospital High-speed ambulance transportation On-scene spinal precautions, if indicated

answer

High-speed ambulance transportation

question

For which of the following shock patients would the use of PASG be contraindicated? Answer A 50-year-old man whose pelvis has been crushed by a forklift A 7-year-old male with massive soft-tissue loss of the left thigh from a shark bite A 70-year-old female who is vomiting blood and has crackles in her lungs A 23-year-old pregnant woman with obvious fractures of both femurs

answer

A 70-year-old female who is vomiting blood and has crackles in her lungs

question

The use of PASG is NOT advised for which of the following injuries? Answer External bleeding of the lower extremities Pelvic fracture Gunshot wound to the chest Internal bleeding to the lower extremities

answer

Gunshot wound to the chest

question

Which of the following is the purpose of making airway management the highest priority of patient care when managing the patient in shock? Answer It allows for oxygenation of the lungs. It allows for improved elimination of carbon dioxide. It minimizes the chances of aspiration of blood or vomit. All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following should increase the EMT's suspicion of internal bleeding? Answer Penetrating trauma to the chest or abdomen High-speed motor vehicle collision Fall from a height two or more times the patient's height All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following BEST explains the reason for minimizing scene-time for the trauma patient with significant hemorrhage or the potential for significant hemorrhage? Answer There is nothing the EMT can do for a patient in shock. It gives the EMT less opportunity to make mistakes in the patient's care. Studies have indicated that trauma patients who receive surgery within 1 hour of injury have better chances of survival. All of the above

answer

Studies have indicated that trauma patients who receive surgery within 1 hour of injury have better chances of survival.

question

Which of the following will worsen the condition of the patient in shock? Answer Applying high-concentration oxygen when it is not needed Elevating the patient's legs 8 to 10 inches Conducting oneself in a manner that increases the patient's fear and anxiety Transporting without first splinting all extremity fractures

answer

Conducting oneself in a manner that increases the patient's fear and anxiety

question

Which of the following is a major function of the skin? Answer Excretion of wastes Protection from the environment Temperature regulation All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the skin? Answer Dermis Epidermis Adipose tissue Fascia

answer

Epidermis

question

Which of the following layers of the skin is the most important in insulating the body against heat loss? Answer Parietal layer Subcutaneous layer Epidermis Subdural layer

answer

Subcutaneous layer

question

Which of the following is required in the management of all open soft-tissue injuries? Answer Provision of high-concentration oxygen Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT Cervical spine precautions Application of a disinfectant solution

answer

Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT

question

An injury in which the epidermis remains intact, but blood vessels and cells in the dermis are injured, is called a(n): Answer contusion. abrasion. concussion. avulsion.

answer

contusion

question

Which type of wound has a small opening into the skin, but may be quite deep, and is often caused by instruments such as nails, ice picks, or pencils? Answer Avulsion Laceration Puncture Incision

answer

Puncture

question

A wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, such as commonly occurs when a child falls on his knees on a sidewalk, is called a(n): Answer abrasion. contusion. avulsion. evisceration.

answer

abrasion.

question

An injury caused by heavy pressure to the tissues, such as when an extremity is trapped under a fallen tree, that results in damage to muscle cells and the accumulation of waste products in the tissue is called a(n): Answer crush injury. evisceration. contusion. abrasion.

answer

crush injury.

question

Which of the following BEST describes an avulsion? Answer An injury caused by a sharp, pointed object A flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue The epidermis that is scraped away by a rough surface An accumulation of blood beneath the skin, resulting in swelling

answer

A flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue

question

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following techniques? Answer Application of an ice pack or chemical cold pack Direct pressure Elevation of the injured part Running cold water over the wound

answer

Direct pressure

question

Which of the following is NOT an open tissue injury? Answer Abrasion Contusion Avulsion Evisceration

answer

Contusion

question

A 36-year-old man has accidentally shot a nail into his thigh while using a nail gun. Under which of the following circumstances should the EMT remove the nail from the injury site? Answer The nail is less than 2 inches in length. The patient's distal pulse, motor function, and sensation are intact. Bleeding from the wound is minimal. None of the above

answer

None of the above

question

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing? Answer An open wound to the neck An open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding An open wound to the chest All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is recommended when caring for an amputated part? Answer Rinse away debris with saline solution and place the part in a container of ice. Wrap the part in aluminum foil to preserve body temperature. Seal the part in a plastic bag and place it in a pan of water cooled by an ice pack. Always transport the amputated part with the patient.

answer

Seal the part in a plastic bag and place it in a pan of water cooled by an ice pack.

question

A burn extending into the subcutaneous fat would be classified as which type of burn? Answer Deep partial thickness Full thickness Superficial partial thickness Superficial

answer

Full thickness

question

Which of the following BEST describes a partial thickness burn? Answer The skin is red, but dry and painful. The skin is charred or blackened and lacks sensation. The skin is white and dry with no sensation of pain. The skin is red and moist with blister formation.

answer

The skin is red and moist with blister formation.

question

Your patient is a 25-year-old man who picked up an iron skillet with a very hot handle. He has a reddened area with blisters across the palm of his hand. Which of the following must be avoided in the prehospital management of this wound? Answer Application of a dry, sterile dressing Application of antibiotic ointment Elevation of the wound above the level of the heart Keeping the site clean

answer

Application of antibiotic ointment

question

Your patient is a 35-year-old female who spilled a cup of hot coffee on herself. She has an area about twice the size of the palm of her hand on her right thigh that is red and painful, but without blisters. When caring for this injury in the prehospital setting, which of the following is appropriate? Answer Apply an antibiotic ointment. Apply a lotion containing a topical anesthetic and aloe vera. Apply a plastic bag full of ice to the skin. Apply a dry sterile dressing.

answer

Apply a dry sterile dressing.

question

Which of the following patients has the greatest likelihood of being cared for in a burn center? Answer A 45-year-old man who has a full thickness burn about 3 inches long by 1/2 inch wide on his posterior arm from backing into a barbecue grill A 30-year-old woman who has deep partial thickness burns on her hand and arm as a result of spilling hot cooking oil on herself A 12-year-old male with a superficial partial thickness burn involving his forearm as a result of making a torch by lighting aerosol from a can of hairspray A 16-year-old female who came into contact with a motorcycle exhaust pipe and has a full thickness burn on her leg about 2 inches in diameter

answer

A 30-year-old woman who has deep partial thickness burns on her hand and arm as a result of spilling hot cooking oil on herself

question

For which of the following patients should the EMT carefully continue to monitor the patient's ventilatory status throughout treatment and transport due to the greatest risk of respiratory failure? Answer A 17-year-old male with a blistering sunburn on his face A 34-year-old male who opened the radiator of his car and had hot fluid spray on his chest, resulting in redness and pain in an area about the size of the patient's hand A 28-year-old male who spilled a strong industrial acid on his legs A 16-year-old male whose shirt caught on fire, resulting in circumferential burns of his chest

answer

A 16-year-old male whose shirt caught on fire, resulting in circumferential burns of his chest

question

Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of dressings used in the prehospital management of most open wounds? Answer Absorbent Occlusive Adherent Sterile

answer

Sterile

question

In caring for a 27-year-old male who has a large laceration on his anterior forearm, you have noticed that your pressure dressing has become saturated with blood. Which of the following should you do next? Answer Remove the saturated dressings and apply a large trauma dressing. Apply an ice pack over the original dressing. Apply a tourniquet. Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place.

answer

Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place.

question

Your patient is a 55-year-old male who was found in the parking lot behind a tavern. He states that he was assaulted and robbed by three individuals. He is complaining of being "hit in the face and kicked and punched in his ribs and stomach." Your examination reveals contusions and swelling around both eyes, bleeding from the nose, a laceration of his upper lip, and multiple contusions of the chest, abdomen, and flanks. Which of the following should cause the greatest concern regarding the prehospital care of this patient? Answer The presence of any defensive wounds the patient may have sustained The swelling around his eyes, which may be reduced by applying a cold pack Potential internal injuries Getting a description of the assailants

answer

Potential internal injuries

question

Which of the following is NOT appropriate in caring for a patient with closed soft-tissue injuries and a significant mechanism of injury? Answer Treat for shock if you think there are internal injuries even if the patient's vital signs are normal. Anticipate vomiting. Splint any swollen, deformed extremities. All of the above are appropriate.

answer

All of the above are appropriate.

question

Which of the following is true concerning lacerations? Answer They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage. They may be caused by penetrating trauma. They may be caused by blunt trauma. All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is of concern with a puncture wound? Answer An object that remains impaled in the body Hidden internal bleeding with minimal external bleeding A strong possibility of contamination All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is NOT a type of avulsion? Answer The skin is partially torn away from the foot. A finger is cut off with a butcher's saw. An ear is partially torn away from the head. The skin is stripped off the hand, like removing a glove.

answer

A finger is cut off with a butcher's saw.

question

Your patient is a 14-year-old male who crashed his bicycle, landing prone and sliding along a gravel trail. He has deep abrasions to his hands, arms, chest, and knees. The patient has small pieces of gravel, twigs, and dirt embedded in the abrasions. Which of the following is the best way to manage this situation after taking cervical spine immobilization? Answer Use your fingers to pick embedded debris from the wound, bandage with moist saline dressings in place, and transport. Do not attempt to remove any debris, apply pressure dressings over the embedded material if necessary, apply high-concentration oxygen, and transport. Use a tongue depressor to scrape large pieces of debris out of the wounds, place the patient on high-concentration oxygen, and transport. Assess for additional injuries, flush away large pieces of debris with a sterile dressing, place dressings on the abrasions, bandage them in place, and transport.

answer

Assess for additional injuries, flush away large pieces of debris with a sterile dressing, place dressings on the abrasions, bandage them in place, and transport.

question

Your patient is a 32-year-old man with a fish hook that has perforated his hand between the thumb and index finger. Which of the following is the best way to manage the situation in the prehospital setting? Answer Push the hook through the wound to avoid further damage from the barbed end. Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it. Apply a pressure dressing over the hook. Pull the hook out from the same direction in which it entered the hand.

answer

Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it.

question

Which of the following is a consideration in determining a burn's severity? Answer Other illnesses or injuries the patient may have Body surface area involved in the burn The type of agent that caused the burn All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Your patient is a 40-year-old man who was burned when he spilled gasoline on his pants as he was standing near the pilot light of his hot water heater. He has partial thickness burns from his feet to just above his knees, and circumferentially around both legs. Using the rule of nines, which of the following most accurately represents the extent of body surface area burned? Answer 18 percent 9 percent 36 percent 4.5 percent

answer

18 percent

question

Which of the following is of concern in a patient who received burns to his hand when he grabbed a live electrical wire? Answer The extent of tissue damage may be much greater than it appears on the surface. The burning will continue for hours, perhaps days. The patient remains an electrocution hazard to rescuers for several minutes after being removed from the source of electricity. Toxic gases were inhaled.

answer

The extent of tissue damage may be much greater than it appears on the surface.

question

Your patient is a 40-year-old male who has been exposed to a dry chemical powder and is complaining of severe pain on both of his hands, the site of the contact. He is working in an illegal chemical manufacturing plant and there is no decontamination shower on site. Which of the following would be the BEST way to manage this situation? Answer Have the fire department connect to a hydrant and spray down the patient from head to toe. Brush away as much powder as possible and then pour a bottle of sterile saline solution over his hands. Brush away as much of the powder as possible and then have the patient hold his hands under running water from a faucet or regular garden hose. Brush away the powder and bandage the hands in a position of function.

answer

Brush away as much of the powder as possible and then have the patient hold his hands under running water from a faucet or regular garden hose.

question

While assessing a 78-year-old male patient who escaped an apartment fire with partial thickness burns to both arms, the EMT must be aware of which of the following? Answer Being involved in a crime makes the patient part of the chain of evidence, requiring a police officer to ride with you to the hospital. The burn is the most serious injury to the patient. Medical conditions may be aggravated by the burn. The patient may need to be questioned by police and fire officials about the cause of the fire.

answer

Medical conditions may be aggravated by the burn.

question

Burns pose a greater risk to infants and children for which of the following reasons? Answer Pediatric patients have a greater risk of heart problems associated with the burn. Pediatric patients have a greater risk of shock from the burn. Infants and children have a greater risk of infection from the burn. None of the above

answer

Pediatric patients have a greater risk of shock from the burn.

question

You are assessing a 30-year-old male patient that had his arm caught in a piece of machinery. By the time you arrive he has been freed. The patient tells you that he does not understand why you were called, but as you inspect the injured limb you notice a small puncture wound. You should have a high index of suspension of which of the following injuries? Answer Puncture Crush injury Chemical burn High-pressure injection

answer

High-pressure injection

question

While assessing a patient with partial thickness burns to his chest and neck, what should be your highest priority (even if there are no symptoms presently)? Answer None of the choices Airway Hypothermia Bleeding

answer

Airway

question

You assess a 35-year-old female patient with a chemical burn to her right forearm and hand. As you assess the burn, you notice a white powder on the burn. What should be your next step? Answer Transport the patient immediately to the closest burn center. Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water. Flush the arm and hand with copious amounts of water. Brush off the powder, bandage the arm, and transport the patient to the closest trauma center.

answer

Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water.

question

When using the rule of palm to estimate the approximate body surface area burned, the patient's palm equals about what percentage of the body's surface area? Answer 1 percent 2 percent 5 percent 3 percent

answer

1 percent

question

According to the Rule of Nines for infants and young children, the patient's head and neck account for what percentage of the total body surface area? Answer 13.5 percent 14 percent 9 percent 18 percent

answer

18 percent

question

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the skin's status in the case of a closed chest injury? Internal contusions and lacerations cannot occur. The skin may be penetrated and occluded. The skin is penetrated. The skin is not penetrated.

answer

The skin is not penetrated.

question

Which of the following is a strategy to maintain an occlusive dressing to bloody or diaphoretic skin? Do not use occlusive dressings in this case. Manually maintain pressure. Do not use adhesive tape. Wrap the dressing circumferentially with gauze.

answer

Manually maintain pressure.

question

Some drawbacks to using sterile aluminum foil as an occlusive dressing include: sterility cannot be ensured unless the materials were autoclaved. a flutter valve is difficult to create. foil cannot create an airtight seal. skin lacerations may occur from the sharp edges.

answer

skin lacerations may occur from the sharp edges.

question

Which of the following is required in the management of all open soft-tissue injuries? Provision of high-concentration oxygen to the patient The use of Standard Precautions by the EMT Cervical spine precautions Application of a disinfectant solution during clean-up

answer

The use of Standard Precautions by the EMT

question

In addition to lacerations, blunt trauma resulting in a closed chest injury creates the potential for which of the following internal injuries? Abrasion Contusion Evisceration Avulsion

answer

Contusion

question

You are dispatched to a 42-year-old male who was shot in the abdomen and thrown from a vehicle. The patient is critical and a high-category trauma; however, due to the mechanism of illness, it is necessary to backboard the patient prior to transport. What is an important assessment before securing the patient? Verifying trauma center ER bed availability Examining the patient for entrance and exit wounds Searching for presence of diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hypotension Performing a distal neurological assessment

answer

Examining the patient for entrance and exit wounds

question

Which of the following is a vascular organ in the abdomen that can produce blood loss quickly enough to result in life-threatening hemorrhage following high mechanism of injury blunt trauma? Intestines Liver Pancreas Kidneys

answer

Liver

question

You're an off-duty EMT who encounters a patient sitting behind the wheel of a vehicle that ran off the road along an isolated county road. It appears the patient was unrestrained, or not wearing a seat belt, and struck the steering wheel with his chest. On assessment, you notice a paradoxical motion to the patient's chest on inspiration and expiration. When you radio for dispatch of an ambulance, which of the following pieces of information would you be sure to include? The patient may have an abdominal evisceration. The patient is showing signs of abdominal bleeding. The patient is showing signs of an open chest injury. The patient may have a flail chest.

answer

The patient may have a flail chest.

question

Which of the following BEST describes an evisceration? An open wound of the abdomen from which organs protrude A flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue An accumulation of blood beneath the skin, resulting in swelling The epidermis that is scraped away by a rough surface

answer

An open wound of the abdomen from which organs protrude

question

Bleeding from open abdominal injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following techniques? Packing the wound with rolled gauze Applying an occlusive dressing Applying direct pressure to the wound Applying an ice pack or chemical cold pack

answer

Applying direct pressure to the wound

question

Which of the following is NOT an open tissue injury? Contusion Evisceration Avulsion Abrasion

answer

Contusion

question

A 36-year-old male was accidentally shot with a nail gun into the chest. You see the nail, which protrudes about 2 to 3 centimeters from the thorax, when you visualize the injury site. Under which of the following circumstances should you remove the nail from the injury site? Answer Bleeding from the patient's wound is minimal. The patient develops a tension pneumothorax. The patient begins to complain of shortness of breath. None of the above

answer

None of the above

question

Which of the following injuries does NOT produce distended neck veins? Traumatic asphyxia Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade All of the answer choices may cause distended neck veins.

answer

All of the answer choices may cause distended neck veins.

question

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing? An open wound to the chest An open wound to the neck An open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is an unreliable sign for determining the presence of a tension pneumothorax? Answer Distended neck veins Signs and symptoms of shock Shortness of breath Trachea that shifts to the side opposite the injury

answer

Trachea that shifts to the side opposite the injury

question

Which of the following describes the proper application of an occlusive dressing for an open chest wound? Trim the dressing so that it is the exact size of the wound. Use a porous material such as a 4" by 4" gauze pad. Tape the dressing securely on three sides. None of the above

answer

Tape the dressing securely on three sides.

question

For which of the following wounds should the EMT apply an absorbent dressing moistened with sterile saline and then cover it with an occlusive dressing? A gunshot wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding A stab wound to the chest A laceration to the neck The stump of an amputated extremity

answer

A gunshot wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding

question

The pathophysiology of _________ is one in which the pericardial sac fills with blood to the point where the chambers of the heart no longer fill adequately, usually secondary to trauma. pericardial effusion hemopneumothorax cardiac tamponade commotio cordis

answer

cardiac tamponade

question

Which of the following traumatic chest injuries may result in massive, often fatal internal hemorrhage? Hemopneumothorax Hemothorax Aortic dissection Cardiac tamponade

answer

Aortic dissection

question

You are on an EMS standby for a boxing tournament. During one of the matches, one of the female boxers delivers a forcible uppercut to the chest of her opponent, who falls to the ground. The match is declared over on the basis of a TKO. However, the opponent fails to arise following a 1-2 minute interval. EMS is summoned to the ring. You find the patient pulseless and breathing agonal gasps. You suspect which of the following traumatic conditions? Cardiac tamponade Aortic dissection Tension pneumothorax Commotio cordis

answer

Commotio cordis

question

While palpating the radial pulses of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash, you notice a difference in the strength of the pulses bilaterally. This is a finding that you suspect may be associated with: aortic dissection. tension pneumothorax. commotio cordis. flail chest.

answer

aortic dissection.

question

Common signs and symptoms following an injury to a hollow abdominal organ include: increasing intrathoracic pressures. irritation and peritonitis. massive hemorrhage. absence of unilateral pulses.

answer

irritation and peritonitis.

question

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk of respiratory failure and should be carefully monitored for ventilatory status throughout treatment and transport? Tension pneumothorax Flail chest Abdominal evisceration Hemopneumothorax

answer

Tension pneumothorax

question

Which of the following types of bandages should NOT be used by the EMT providing wound care? Self-adherent roller gauze Tourniquet A triangular bandage Adhesive tape

answer

Tourniquet

question

Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of dressings used in the prehospital management of most open wounds? Nonabsorbent Sterile Occlusive Adherent

answer

Sterile

question

You are caring for a 27-year-old male who has a puncture wound to the right upper chest. The patient was stabbed with a serrated steak knife by his ex-girlfriend. You have placed an occlusive dressing to the site and began emergent transport to the closest trauma center. However, while en route the patient begins to complain of increasing shortness of breath. You notice a decrease in ventilatory volume and an increase in thoracic diameter. Which of the following options would be the best step to perform next? Free a corner or edge of the dressing to release pressure buildup. Begin providing BVM-assisted ventilations to the patient. Call dispatch for an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. Begin providing CPR to the patient.

answer

Free a corner or edge of the dressing to release pressure buildup.

question

Your patient is a 55-year-old male who was found in the parking lot behind a tavern. He states that he was assaulted and robbed by three individuals. He is complaining of being "hit in the face and kicked and punched in his ribs and stomach." Your examination reveals contusions and swelling around both eyes, bleeding from the nose, a laceration of his upper lip, and multiple contusions of the chest, abdomen, and flanks. Which of the following should cause the greatest concern regarding the prehospital care of this patient? The presence of any defensive wounds the patient may have sustained Getting a description of the assailants The possibility of a pneumothorax Reducing the swelling around his eyes by applying a cold pack

answer

The possibility of a pneumothorax

question

Which of the following is NOT appropriate in caring for a patient with closed soft-tissue injuries and a significant mechanism of injury? Treat for shock if you think there are internal injuries even if the patient's vital signs are normal. Anticipate vomiting. Splint any swollen, deformed extremities. All of the answer choices are appropriate.

answer

All of the answer choices are appropriate.

question

Which of the following is true concerning lacerations? They may be caused by blunt trauma. They may be caused by penetrating trauma. They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage. All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is of concern with a puncture wound? The object that remains impaled in the body The strong possibility of contamination Hidden internal bleeding with minimal external bleeding All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is an accurate definition of a flail chest? A lung that has been punctured by a fractured rib, resulting in a buildup of air A section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems The fracture of one rib in two or more consecutive places The fracture of at least four ribs in two or more places

answer

A section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems

question

What is the underlying cause of bluish or reddish facial discoloration following a traumatic asphyxiation? High pressure on the chest leads to blood being forced from the right atrium into the face and neck. The patient has become hypoxic due to a chest injury and the finding suggests central cyanosis. The physiological strain of the body results in a flushed appearance and increased risk of a hypertensive event. Bluish or reddish facial discoloration is not associated with traumatic asphyxiation; a pale discoloration is usually present

answer

High pressure on the chest leads to blood being forced from the right atrium into the face and neck.

question

On assessment of the midsection of a 32-year-old male who was struck by a car, you find an abdominal evisceration with several loops of his large intestine exposed. The abdomen appears to have a clean-cut laceration and the bleeding is controlled. Which of the following is the BEST approach toward managing the exposed intestines? Moisten a sterile dressing with saline solution and cover the abdominal contents. Gently replace the intestines after moistening with sterile saline solution. Leave the abdominal contents in the place in which they were found and transport immediately. Cover the abdomen with an occlusive dressing of aluminum foil.

answer

Moisten a sterile dressing with saline solution and cover the abdominal contents.

question

Your patient is a 21-year-old male who has a gunshot wound to the chest. Which of the following is the highest priority in managing this patient? Placing the patient in the shock position Performing a rapid trauma assessment Placing a pressure dressing over the wound to control bleeding Placing an occlusive dressing over the wound

answer

Placing an occlusive dressing over the wound

question

Which of the following BEST describes the benefit of a three-sided occlusive dressing over a four-sided occlusive dressing for an open chest wound? It eliminates the need to continue monitoring the patient's respiratory status. It prevents the development of a hemothorax by allowing blood to escape. It allows easy access for re-examination of the wound en route to the hospital. It reduces the chances of developing a tension pneumothorax.

answer

It reduces the chances of developing a tension pneumothorax.

question

The mechanism of injury in which a patient's chest has struck an immovable object, such as a steering wheel, may most accurately be described as a: blunt trauma injury. compression injury. penetrating injury. coup contrecoup injury.

answer

compression injury.

question

The chest cavity can hold up to ________ liter(s) in an adult, leading to the possibility of massive internal hemorrhage without any external blood loss. 3 5 0.5 1

answer

3

question

You are stabilizing a patient who has just been stabbed in the chest to the right of the mediastinum. After placing the patient on supplemental oxygen, his shortness of breath resolves. You also cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. The patient is asymptomatic at the time you're making the decision to transport. Which of the following BEST encapsulates the correct strategy for transport? The patient does not necessarily need transport, so allow him to refuse if he wants. Transport the patient emergently because of the high index of suspicion for a serious injury. Begin transport non-emergently and upgrade if the patient's condition deteriorates. Transport the patient non-emergently because he's complaint free.

answer

Transport the patient emergently because of the high index of suspicion for a serious injury.

question

What is the correct terminology for a wound in which a vacuum has been created within the chest, drawing air into the thorax with each breath? A sucking chest wound A closed tension pneumothorax An open chest wound A gurgling chest wound

answer

A sucking chest wound

question

A patient with jugular vein distention is most likely suffering from which of the following injuries? Pneumothorax Hemothorax Hemopneumothorax Tension pneumothorax

answer

Tension pneumothorax

question

Your patient was working on a car when it fell off the jack and trapped him between the tire and ground. His face is very blue and his eyes are bloodshot. Which of the following has the patient most likely suffered? Hemothorax Traumatic asphyxia Pneumothorax Flail chest

answer

Traumatic asphyxia

question

What is a primary problem when treating musculoskeletal injuries? Many musculoskeletal injuries have a grotesque appearance, and the EMT cannot be distracted from life-threatening conditions by a deformed limb. All musculoskeletal injuries are life threatening due to the bone bleeding, leading to hypoperfusion. Splints do not adequately fit the patient's extremities and must be modified with padding to ensure immobilization. Most musculoskeletal injuries are simply splinted and not a life threat to the patient.

answer

Many musculoskeletal injuries have a grotesque appearance, and the EMT cannot be distracted from life-threatening conditions by a deformed limb.

question

The part of the skeleton that is made up from the skull and spinal column is called the: appendicular skeleton. boney skeleton. axial skeleton. torso.

answer

axial skeleton.

question

Which of the following structures connect bone ends, making joints more stable? Ligaments Cartilage Tendons Periosteum

answer

Ligaments

question

Which of the following allows for smooth movement of bone surfaces against one another at joints? Smooth muscle Ligaments Peritoneum Cartilage

answer

Cartilage

question

Where could you find the phalange bones? Upper extremities Lower extremities Skull and neck Hands and feet

answer

Hands and feet

question

Which of the following is a complication of bone fractures? Nerve damage Swelling Hemorrhage All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following bones is found in the chest? Answer Tarsals Ilium Sternum Metacarpals

answer

Sternum

question

Your patient is a 60-year-old woman who stepped off a curb and injured her ankle. Your exam shows that her left ankle is swollen and painful. Which of the following should you do? Explain to the patient that her ankle is fractured and you must splint her ankle to prevent further injury and reduce pain. Explain to the patient that you cannot tell if her ankle is sprained or fractured until she is X-rayed at the emergency department, then splint the ankle. Transport the patient immediately to a trauma center, applying high-concentration oxygen en route. Explain to the patient that her ankle is sprained and transport her with her ankle elevated on a pillow and a cold pack applied to the injury.

answer

Explain to the patient that you cannot tell if her ankle is sprained or fractured until she is X-rayed at the emergency department, then splint the ankle.

question

Which of the following BEST describes the compartment syndrome? A serious condition caused by the amount of equipment that must be carried in the ambulance compartments. A life-threatening condition caused by trapping the blood flow by a fracture when the bone ends cut the blood vessels. A serious condition caused by the bleeding and swelling from a fracture or crush injury that becomes so strong that the body can no longer perfuse the tissues against that pressure. A non life-threatening condition caused by orthopedic injuries in which blood flow is stopped when the bone ends compress the blood vessels.

answer

A serious condition caused by the bleeding and swelling from a fracture or crush injury that becomes so strong that the body can no longer perfuse the tissues against that pressure.

question

Your patient is a 12-year-old female who fell onto her outstretched hands while rollerblading. She has a deformity of her forearm, about 2 inches proximal to her wrist. This injury is a result of which of the following mechanisms? Direct force Indirect force Sudden acceleration Twisting motion

answer

Indirect force

question

Which of the following is an injury to the musculature of an extremity? Luxation Strain Fracture Sprain

answer

Strain

question

Which of the following describes an open extremity injury? A gunshot wound has penetrated the skin and then fractured the bone. Bone ends have lacerated the soft tissues and skin from the inside. The joint capsule has been torn open during a dislocation. Both A and B

answer

Both A and B

question

A traction splint may be used on which of the following musculoskeletal injuries? A possible fracture of the cervical spine A possible fracture of the femur Suspected multiple fractures of the femur, tibia, and fibula A possible fracture of the humerus

answer

A possible fracture of the femur

question

Which of the following is appropriate in the examination of a painful, swollen extremity of a conscious patient? Gently attempting to flex the mid-portion of the bone to check for angulation Asking the patient to see if he can bear weight on the extremity Comparing the injured side to the uninjured side Seeing if you can elicit crepitus on palpation

answer

Comparing the injured side to the uninjured side

question

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of splinting an injury to bones and connective tissues? It prevents neurological damage due to movement of bone ends or fragments. It may prevent a closed injury from becoming an open injury. It restricts blood flow to the site of the injury to prevent swelling. It reduces pain.

answer

It restricts blood flow to the site of the injury to prevent swelling.

question

Your patient is a 20-year-old college student who has fallen from a third-level balcony onto a wooden deck below. The patient responds to verbal stimuli, is pale in color with moist skin, and has a very obvious deformity with protruding bone ends of his right forearm. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of intervention for this patient? Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; transport; and splint the extremity en route if time and resources allow. Open the airway; assess breathing; check the carotid pulse; splint the forearm injury; immobilize the patient to a long backboard; apply high-concentration oxygen; and transport. Provide immediate manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine; apply high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask; perform a focused history and assessment; apply the cervical collar; apply a padded board splint, sling, and swathe to the forearm injury; and transport. Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; and check with medical control about the need to splint the forearm injury prior to transport.

answer

Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; transport; and splint the extremity en route if time and resources allow.

question

When the EMT is assessing compromise to an extremity, perhaps due to an orthopedic injury, the EMT should initially check what "Six Ps"? Pain, pallor, position, pulses, placement, and pressure Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulses, placement, and pressure Pain, pallor, position, pulses, placement, and pad Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulses, paralysis, and pressure

answer

Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulses, paralysis, and pressure

question

Your patient is an 11-year-old male who has a swollen, painful, and angulated right lower arm after falling from his bicycle onto his hands. Which of the following should be considered in the immobilization of his injured extremity? Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting. Immobilize from the shoulder to the wrist. Use an upper extremity traction splint. Do not attempt to realign the extremity before splinting.

answer

Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting.

question

Which of the following is NOT a principle of splinting that must be considered by the EMT? Immobilize the site of an extremity injury from the joint above it to the joint below it. Splint an isolated extremity injury before moving the patient to the stretcher. Check the distal neurovascular function before and after splinting. Gently replace protruding bone ends back beneath the skin to prevent further contamination.

answer

Gently replace protruding bone ends back beneath the skin to prevent further contamination.

question

A new EMT who is treating a suspected femur injury asks his partner, "How much traction should I pull?" The partner's BEST reply is which of the following? No traction splint applied in the field pulls true traction; they must pull 20 pounds of countertraction. Pull enough traction to give the patient some relief from the pain. The amount of traction applied should be roughly 10 percent of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds. The amount of traction applied should be 15 pounds.

answer

The amount of traction applied should be roughly 10 percent of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds.

question

Which of the following complications may arise from properly splinting an injured extremity? Converting a closed fracture to an open one Compromising circulation to the extremity Ignoring life-threatening problems while focusing on an extremity injury All of the above

answer

Ignoring life-threatening problems while focusing on an extremity injury

question

Your patient is a 3-year-old girl who is unable to move her elbow after her mother picked her up by the forearm. Proper splinting of this injury would be to immobilize from the ________ to the ________. wrist; elbow wrist; shoulder forearm; humerus fingertips; shoulder

answer

forearm; humerus

question

You are treating a 16-year-old skateboarder who has fallen at the skate park. She has an angulated left forearm that she has in a guarded position. When do you splint this injury? En route to the hospital Immediately During the primary exam During the secondary exam

answer

During the secondary exam

question

Your patient is a 28-year-old male who was ejected from his motorcycle after striking a parked vehicle. He has multiple deformities to his upper and lower extremities on both sides. Which of the following would be the BEST way to immobilize this patient's extremities prior to transport? Use traction splints for the lower extremities and allow the upper extremities to be immobilized by the long backboard. Use padded board splints for the upper extremities and PASG for the lower extremities. Use moldable splints for the upper and lower extremities, padding any voids to fully stabilize the fractures. Immobilize the patient to a long backboard without splinting the extremities individually.

answer

Immobilize the patient to a long backboard without splinting the extremities individually.

question

Your patient is a 37-year-old man who tripped while walking down a hill and now has a painful, deformed right leg. Your assessment reveals that the foot is cold and mottled in appearance. You cannot detect a pulse in the foot or ankle. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? Explain to the patient that, because you cannot detect circulation in his foot, his leg will most likely have to be amputated above the site of the injury. Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting. Splint the leg in the position in which it was found and transport without delay. Transport rapidly to the nearest trauma center.

answer

Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting.

question

A suspected musculoskeletal injury of the shoulder is BEST managed by which of the following techniques? Placing the arm in a sling and using a triangular bandage to secure it to the body Using an upper extremity traction splint Placing two long padded board splints on either side of the extremity, extending from the shoulder to the wrist Using a long-arm air splint

answer

Placing the arm in a sling and using a triangular bandage to secure it to the body

question

The PASG may be used as a splinting device for patients with which of the following suspected injuries? Hip dislocation Compression fracture of the lumbar or sacral spine Fractured pelvis None of the above

answer

Fractured pelvis

question

Blood at the meatus of the penis (opening of the urethra) is a sign of: spinal fracture or injury. pelvic trauma/fracture. pelvic dislocation syndrome. priapism.

answer

pelvic trauma/fracture.

question

Your patient is a 70-year-old male whose tractor rolled over onto him. Your assessment makes you suspicious that the patient has a fractured pelvis. Which of the following complications should you anticipate? Shock Damage to internal organs Damage to the nerves of the lower extremities All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

A painter falls from his ladder and tells you he has dislocated his shoulder again. When you attempt to splint the shoulder it "pops back into place." What should your next step be? Contact medical control for input into the best treatment for this patient. Check distal CSM, apply a sling and swathe, and transport the patient. Check distal CSM, apply a traction splint, and transport the patient. Continue splinting and report the popping sound to the triage nurse when you arrive at the hospital. .

answer

Check distal CSM, apply a sling and swathe, and transport the patient.

question

Messages from the body to the brain are carried by which of the following types of nerves? Sensory Skeletal Motor Cranial

answer

Sensory

question

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system? Speaking Running or walking Constriction of blood vessels Solving complex math problems

answer

Constriction of blood vessels

question

Which of the following is controlled by the left side of the brain? Sensation in the left arm Sensation of the right leg Movement of both lower extremities Movement of the left arm

answer

Sensation of the right leg

question

The maxillae form which of the following structures? Lower jaw Upper jaw Cheek bones Forehead

answer

Upper jaw

question

To which of the following sections of the spine are the ribs attached? Thoracic Sacral Cervical Lumbar

answer

Thoracic

question

How many cervical vertebrae are there? 7 12 5 4

answer

7

question

A fracture of which of the following bones would be considered a skull fracture? Temporal bone Nasal bones Maxilla Any of the above

answer

Any of the above

question

Which of the following is classified as an open head injury? Contusion without a skull fracture Laceration with a skull fracture Laceration without a skull fracture Both A and B

answer

Laceration with a skull fracture

question

Which of the following is a sign of possible brain injury? A deep laceration of the scalp Projectile vomiting Irregular breathing pattern All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Your patient has been involved in a motor vehicle collision. He has a contusion on his forehead, is confused, and is bleeding from his nose. His heart rate is 90 beats per minute, blood pressure is 80/58 mmHg, respirations are 20 breaths per minute, and his skin is cool and clammy. Which of the following sets of injuries should you suspect? Head injury, spine injury, and internal bleeding Head injury Head injury and spine injury Head injury and internal bleeding

answer

Head injury, spine injury, and internal bleeding

question

Hyperventilation of a patient with a severe brain injury means that bag-valve-mask ventilations are provided at a rate of ________ per minute. 20 24 30 34

answer

20

question

Which of the following is a potential complication of hyperventilating a patient with a brain injury? Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood Increasing blood flow to the brain Decreasing blood flow to the brain Decreasing the patient's blood pressure

answer

Decreasing blood flow to the brain

question

Your patient is a 30-year-old female involved in a motorcycle crash. She was not wearing a helmet and struck her head on the pavement. She is unresponsive and has a blood pressure of 152/110 mmHg. Her pulse is 60 beats per minute and respirations are 8 breaths per minute and shallow. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention? Elevate the legs. Provide cervical spine immobilization. Hyperventilate at a rate of 24 breaths per minute using supplemental oxygen. Apply a pressure dressing to her scalp lacerations.

answer

Provide cervical spine immobilization.

question

A 44-year-old male involved in a collision at 50 mph struck the windshield of his vehicle with his face. Which of the following injuries should you prepare to treat? Cervical spine trauma Brain injury Airway obstruction All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following statements concerning a concussion is true? It is a bruising of the brain tissue. The patient may not have any symptoms of the injury. It is accompanied by recurrent episodes of unconsciousness. All of the above

answer

The patient may not have any symptoms of the injury.

question

Which of the following causes worsening of the damage in a brain injury? Allowing seepage of cerebrospinal fluid from the ears or nose Administration of 100 percent oxygen Failure to keep the patient awake and talking Improper management of airway and ventilation

answer

Improper management of airway and ventilation

question

Which portions of the spine are the most vulnerable to injury? Thoracic and lumbar Cervical and lumbar Cervical and sacra Thoracic and sacra

answer

Cervical and lumbar

question

In most cases, which of the following is the correct way to provide initial management of a suspected cervical spine injury? Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position. Gently apply pressure to the top of the patient's head. Maintain the patient's head and neck in the position they are found. Provide approximately 15 pounds of upward cervical traction.

answer

Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position.

question

Which of the following is NOT a common field finding in spinal injuries? Deformity Impaired breathing Tenderness Pain

answer

Deformity

question

Which of the following observations may the EMT use to rule out a spinal injury in a trauma patient? Patient is able to walk at the scene. There is a lack of mechanism of injury. There is a lack of numbness and paralysis of the extremities. Patient denies pain in his spine.

answer

There is a lack of mechanism of injury.

question

Which of the following is the underlying cause of neurogenic shock? Blood loss from damaged spinal blood vessels Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood Extreme emotional response to paralysis Dilation of blood vessels

answer

Dilation of blood vessels

question

Which of the following may result from the application of a cervical collar that is too large for the patient? Rotation of the head and neck Hyperflexion of the neck Hyperextension of the neck Excessive lateral movement of the mandible

answer

Hyperextension of the neck

question

Your patient is pregnant at 20 weeks' gestation and has been thrown from a horse. She is complaining of back pain. Which of the following is the correct procedure for immobilizing her spine? Use a short immobilization device and transport the patient in a sitting position. Place the patient supine on the backboard. Place the patient on her left side on the backboard. Place the patient supine on the backboard, then put a pillow under the right side of the backboard.

answer

Place the patient supine on the backboard, then put a pillow under the right side of the backboard.

question

Which of the following signs is LEAST likely to indicate a traumatic brain injury? Low blood pressure Irregular breathing pattern Vomiting Irrational behavior

answer

Low blood pressure

question

Your patient is a 10-year-old male whose jacket hood caught on a branch as he jumped out of a tree. He was momentarily suspended about 12 inches off the ground but was immediately lowered to the ground by his brothers. Which of the following injuries should you suspect? Cervical spine injury Lumbar spine injury Soft-tissue injury of the neck only Thoracic spine injury

answer

Cervical spine injury

question

Which of the following injuries is considered an indirect brain injury? Cerebral laceration Depressed skull fracture with cerebral penetration by bone fragments Gunshot wound to the head Concussion

answer

Concussion

question

Your patient is a 27-year-old male who has been involved in a motorcycle collision in which he was not wearing a helmet. He does not respond when you speak to him, but he makes incomprehensible sounds when you press your knuckles on his sternum. Which of the following BEST describes his level of consciousness? Alert Verbal Painful Unresponsive

answer

Painful

question

Your patient is a 35-year-old woman who was driving a minivan that was struck in the driver's side door by another vehicle. You notice that when you apply pressure to her sternum with your knuckles she extends her legs and flexes her arms and wrists. When giving your radio report, which of the following terms should you use to describe this? Tonic-clonic activity Posturing Cushing's reflex Battle's sign

answer

Posturing

question

Your patient is a 16-year-old male who was ejected from an all-terrain vehicle and struck his head on a large rock. He was not wearing a helmet. He is unresponsive with shallow, irregular respirations; a blood pressure of 170/110 mmHg; and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate? Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 30 breaths per minute. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and give oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and give oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 20 breaths per minute.

answer

Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 20 breaths per minute.

question

Which of the following measures is NOT appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head injury? Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard. Keep the patient from becoming overheated. Try to keep the patient from being agitated. Control bleeding from head wounds.

answer

Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard.

question

Of the following patients, which injury is the highest priority to receive controlled hyperventilation? A 25-year-old female victim of battery who is awake but complains of a headache and has bloody fluid draining from her nose and left ear A 15-year-old female who was ejected from a vehicle, struck her head on a tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli A 25-year-old male who regained consciousness one or two minutes after being struck on the head by a baseball bat and is now asking repetitive questions A 70-year-old male who struck his head when he fell in the parking lot, has a large laceration on his forehead, and is disoriented

answer

A 15-year-old female who was ejected from a vehicle, struck her head on a tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli

question

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of your adult male patient who has fallen off a horse, has his eyes open, can follow your commands to squeeze his hands, but is confused about what happened and his whereabouts? 12 14 15 13

answer

14

question

Your patient is a 30-year-old construction worker who fell from a scaffolding and has been impaled through the right orbit by a 36-inch piece of concrete reinforcement bar. The patient responds to verbal stimuli and appears to have multiple other injuries. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? Remove the reinforcement bar and pack the orbit with sterile moist dressings to keep the scene time under 10 minutes. Transport with the reinforcement bar in place to prevent delay at the scene. Test the reinforcement bar for stability and remove it only if it is loose enough to be easily pulled from the wound. Firmly stabilize the reinforcement bar in place so that the rescue crew can cut it short.

answer

Firmly stabilize the reinforcement bar in place so that the rescue crew can cut it short.

question

When blood accumulates between the brain and the dura mater, what is the result? Epidural contusion Subdural contusion Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma

answer

Subdural hematoma

question

As pressure within the cranium increases, which of the following is the result? Decreased blood pressure, decreased pulse Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse Decreased blood pressure, increased pulse Increased blood pressure, increased pulse

answer

Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse

question

Your patient is a 21-year-old male who slid head-first down a water slide at his fraternity house and impacted the bales of straw that his fraternity brothers had erected as a barrier to keep participants from sliding onto the adjacent highway. The patient is conscious and complaining of neck pain. Which of the following should be included in your assessment? If the patient has no numbness or tingling, ask him to stand and try to walk. Apply painful stimuli to his extremities, starting distally and moving closer and closer to the body. Ask the patient to cautiously touch his chin to his chest to check for range of motion. Ask the patient to grasp and squeeze your hands.

answer

Ask the patient to grasp and squeeze your hands.

question

The proper procedure for opening the airway of an unresponsive trauma patient is: head-tilt without chin-lift. jaw-thrust maneuver. Sellick's maneuver. head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.

answer

jaw-thrust maneuver.

question

Which of the following pieces of equipment is acceptable for use in the prehospital stabilization of suspected cervical spine injuries? Soft cervical collars Five-pound sand bags Rigid cervical collars All of the above

answer

Rigid cervical collars

question

At which point may manual stabilization of the cervical spine be terminated? Only when directed to do so by medical control When the patient is secured to a long backboard After a short immobilization device has been applied After a cervical collar has been applied

answer

When the patient is secured to a long backboard

question

Which of the following describes the proper position of the patient's head for spinal immobilization? Chin tilted upward for airway maintenance Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position Stabilized in position found The "sniffing" position

answer

Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position

question

Which of the following may be a hazard of an improperly fitting cervical collar? Allows hyperextension of the neck Prevents the patient from opening his mouth Allows flexion of the neck All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

When log-rolling a patient with a suspected spinal injury, which of the following EMTs directs the move? The EMT at the head of the patient The EMT with the highest level of training The EMT with the most seniority The EMT at the heaviest portion of the patient

answer

The EMT at the head of the patient

question

Which of the following is the correct sequence for securing the straps on a long spine board? Legs, torso, head Head, torso, legs Torso, legs, head Head, legs, torso

answer

Torso, legs, head

question

Your patient is a 38-year-old male driver of a vehicle that left the roadway and struck a bus stop shelter and a tree. He is conscious and alert, he has some abrasions on his forehead, his skin is warm and dry, and he has a strong radial pulse and no difficulty breathing. Which of the following descriptions represents the MOST appropriate way for removing the patient from the vehicle? Apply a cervical collar and perform rapid extrication onto a long backboard. Have the patient stand up and then do a "standing take-down" onto a long backboard. Place the backboard on the stretcher and have the patient stand, turn, and lie down on the backboard while you maintain manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine. Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard.

answer

Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard.

question

For which of the following patients would the use of a short spine immobilization device be appropriate? A 52-year-old female who crashed her vehicle into the front of a convenience store and who is awake, oriented, and complaining of neck pain An unresponsive driver who was found in the driver's seat of a pickup truck that crashed into a tree A 15-year-old male who struck a curb with his motorized scooter and flipped over the handlebars A 77-year-old female who fell down a flight of stairs and is in an awkward position lying on her side on the landing

answer

A 52-year-old female who crashed her vehicle into the front of a convenience store and who is awake, oriented, and complaining of neck pain

question

When using a short spine immobilization device, which part of the body is secured last? Arms Torso Head Legs

answer

Head

question

In which of the following circumstances should a helmet be removed? If you suspect a skull fracture and need to palpate the head If you want to place a nasal cannula on the patient but cannot because his ears are covered by the helmet If the helmet interferes with airway management If the helmet fits so snugly that you cannot inspect the ears for the presence of blood or fluid

answer

If the helmet interferes with airway management

question

When should the EMT calculate a GCS with a patient who suffered a fall of 20 feet from his apartment building? At the hospital before writing the care report En route to the hospital As he approaches the patient Before departing from the scene

answer

En route to the hospital

question

Which of the following is NOT used to calculate a patient's GCS? Eye movement Verbal response Work of breathing Motor response

answer

Work of breathing

question

Which of the following systems includes the pairs of nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between each pair of vertebrae? Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system Autonomic nervous system All of the above

answer

Peripheral nervous system

question

What is another name for the zygomatic bone? Malar Maxillae Temporal Mandible

answer

Malar

question

The bony bumps you feel along the center of a person's back are known as which of the following? Vertebrae Foramen magnum Spinous process None of the above

answer

Spinous process

question

Which of the following is the opening at the base of the skull? Foramen magnum Orbits Spinous process Temporomandibular joint

answer

Foramen magnum

question

You are treating a 54-year-old female patient who was involved in a domestic dispute; you notice an abrasion to the side of her head. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of 200/110, a pulse of 60 beats per minute, and slightly irregular breathing. The patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the following? Increased intracranial pressure Coup-contrecoup injury Closed head injury Increased arterial pressure

answer

Increased intracranial pressure

question

You are treating an unresponsive homeless patient found in an alley. During your assessment you notice bruising behind both ears. This is known as what? Fatigue signs Warrior's signs Soldier's signs Battle's signs

answer

Battle's signs

question

You respond to a patient who was hit in the face with a chair. Upon arrival, you notice a patient leaning in the corner and bleeding profusely from the mouth and nose. Your first action should be which of the following? Assure scene safety. Suction the airway and have the patient lean back. Take c-spine precautions. Place the patient on a nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm.

answer

Assure scene safety.

question

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a neurological assessment that looks at which of the following? Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response Grip strength, verbal response, and eye opening Verbal response, motor response, and AVPU Motor response, arm movement, and speech

answer

Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response

question

While assessing a patient with a laceration to the neck, the EMT must be aware that which of the following conditions may develop? Deep vein thrombosis Air embolus Air thrombosis Deep vein embolus

answer

Air embolus

question

Which of the following is defined as an area of the body surface that is innervated by a single spinal nerve? Spinous process None of the above Malar Dermatome

answer

Dermatome

question

You are treating a 35-year-old male patient that has been involved in a motorcycle incident. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of 60/40, a pulse of 66 beats per minute, and respirations of 18 breaths per minute. The patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the following? Cardiogenic shock Septic shock Increased intracranial pressure Neurogenic shock

answer

Neurogenic shock

question

What is the definition of multiple trauma? A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury. A trauma in which there are multiple casualties. A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies. Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system.

answer

A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury.

question

What is the definition of multisystem trauma? Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system. Trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury. A trauma in which there are multiple casualties. A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies

answer

Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system.

question

Multiple trauma and multisystem trauma patients are situations in which the EMT is expected to perform which of the following? Anticipate and treat problems with a greater level of complexity than usual. Provide the best quality care possible, including definitive care on-scene. Respond above and beyond the call of duty. Practice outside the scope of practice in order to provide the greatest good.

answer

Anticipate and treat problems with a greater level of complexity than usual.

question

What are three elements of successful trauma care that field practitioners can use which will ultimately translate into greater rates of survival? Teamwork, timing, and transport Ground ambulances, air helicopters, and trauma centers Lights, sirens, and diesel Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury

answer

Teamwork, timing, and transport

question

What are some of the most important critical decisions an EMT can make on the scene of a serious trauma? Determining patient priority, amount of time on-scene, and hospital transport decision Whether to await ALS care on-scene or begin BLS transport Load and go versus stay and play Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury

answer

Determining patient priority, amount of time on-scene, and hospital transport decision

question

You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash on a rural mountain highway. You have a patient who was unconscious on arrival, had a seizure, and is currently awake but combative. You suspect he may have a head injury. What is considered the BEST approach regarding transport of this patient? Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away. Transport to a local community hospital approximately 15 minutes away via ground. Begin transport to the trauma center on the ground, which is 1.5 hours' driving time. Dispatch the medical helicopter to meet your unit at the community hospital.

answer

Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away.

question

What trauma triage guidelines did the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention release in order to guide the most injured patients into trauma centers? Teamwork, timing, and transport Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury Determining patient priority, amount of time on-scene, and hospital transport decision Lights, sirens, and diesel

answer

Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury

question

What is the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) measurement of altered mental status, which according to CDC guidelines necessitates transport to a trauma center? 12 13 8 14

answer

13

question

According to CDC guidelines, a systolic blood pressure of less than _______ indicates a patient should be transported to a trauma center. 90 100 110 80

answer

90

question

A respiratory rate of less than _______ in infants is a significant finding and indicates a critical patient, who should be immediately transported to a trauma center if secondary to trauma. 20 25 18 30

answer

20

question

A respiratory rate of less than _______ and greater than _______ in cases of trauma are criteria for immediate transportation to a trauma center according to the CDC physiologic guidelines. 8; 32 10; 29 12; 20 5; 45

answer

10; 29

question

What criteria based on the CDC guidelines allows a discretionary approach to trauma triage? For example, a patient not meeting ordinary trauma triage criteria may be transported to a trauma center based on what consideration? Review of morbidity and mortality The CDC "No-protocol Protocol" "Golden Hour" criteria EMS provider judgment

answer

EMS provider judgment

question

Which of the following trauma triage criteria would justify transportation to a trauma center based on mechanism of injury alone? Vehicle rollover Vehicle crash-generated telemetry data Intrusion into the occupant area greater than 8 inches Auto versus pedestrian

answer

Auto versus pedestrian

question

Which one of the following patients would justify the need to directly transport to a trauma center based on special patient considerations? An end-stage renal disease patient who tripped and fell and is complaining of shoulder pain on the same side as his shunt An unlicensed teenage driver who has a pulse rate of 120 after a MVC and a 4 minute EMS response A pregnant female in the third trimester who is spotting (showing small amounts of vaginal bleeding) following a low mechanism of injury MVC An elderly patient on anticoagulants who slipped out of her wheelchair and is complaining of pelvic pain

answer

A pregnant female in the third trimester who is spotting (showing small amounts of vaginal bleeding) following a low mechanism of injury MVC

question

Based on the following presentations of patient injuries, which one would be considered MOST severe, justifying immediate transportation to a trauma center? Midline cervical spine pain An open (compound) midshaft femur fracture Closed head injury Flail chest

answer

Flail chest

question

You are dispatched to a motorcycle crash with one patient involved. What is the most important intervention to perform first? Begin chest compressions Manually stabilize the cervical spine Suction the vomit and secretions from the airway Stabilize the pelvis to a long spine board

answer

Manually stabilize the cervical spine

question

Which of the following choices is NOT a justifiable reason for delaying transport of a critical trauma patient? Suctioning the airway Awaiting arrival of the patient's parents on-scene Ventilating a patient in respiratory distress Immobilizing the patient to a long spine board

answer

Awaiting arrival of the patient's parents on-scene

question

What is the BEST option an EMT has when encountering poor BVM compliance when attempting to ventilate a patient? Begin chest compressions. Place the patient on supplemental oxygen. Address ventilation en route to the hospital or ALS intercept. Involve two people in the procedure.

answer

Involve two people in the procedure.

question

You are dispatched to a multiple vehicle collision on a busy Interstate highway. Your crew identifies a critical patient entrapped in a small sedan with significant intrusion into the occupant area on the front and left side. One of your crew members, dressed in fully protective gear, volunteers to enter the vehicle to begin assessment and treatment. Given that access to the patient is limited, you tell him to concentrate on assessing which of the following parts of the patient's body? Head, posterior torso, and lower extremities Head, chest, and upper extremities Torso, pelvis, and lower extremities Head, chest, and torso

answer

Head, chest, and torso

question

What are the three elements of the Revised Trauma Score? GCS, pulse rate, and respiratory rate GCS, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate Level of consciousness, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate

answer

GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate

question

You encounter an accident on a busy intercity street while on duty. Calling into dispatch, you make note that the occupants of both vehicles are outside, and request additional units to proceed non-emergently. You approach an elderly male who is rubbing his back and left shoulder. During secondary assessment of past medical history, you make note of several important details: The patient is on high blood pressure medications, and has had a heart attack in the past. He is complaining of midline thoracic pain on palpation of his spine and left shoulder pain, which may have been from the seat belt, but is refusing care and transport. The patient did not lose consciousness. Based on this information, which transport decision would be most appropriate for this patient? Take the patient to a trauma center. Allow the patient to sign a refusal. Call for ALS intercept. Take the patient to a local community hospital.

answer

Take the patient to a local community hospital.

question

Which one of the following is NOT a key decision for the EMT when faced with a multisystem or multiple trauma patient? Should I transport to a trauma center? Do I need to minimize on-scene time? Should I allow police to interview the patient on-scene? Is the patient seriously injured?

answer

Should I allow police to interview the patient on-scene?

question

What is the height from which an adult fall would meet trauma triage criteria set forth by the CDC? 10 feet 25 feet 20 feet 15 feet

answer

20 feet

question

You are transporting a stable patient who was involved in a minor fall from a ladder at a height of about 10 feet to a local community hospital. You assumed full spinal precautions not only because the patient has midline back pain in the sacrum, but also because he was knocked unconscious. While transporting, the patient begins to become increasingly confused, develop an irregular respiratory rate, and experience a drop in heart rate with an increase in blood pressure. You just called in a radio report and are about 7 minutes from the hospital. A trauma center is about 10 minutes away. Which of the following is the BEST transport decision? Call medical control for advice from the trauma center. Divert to the trauma center because the patient is becoming symptomatic. Continue transporting to the local hospital because you've already given report and they accepted the patient. Continue transporting to the local hospital since it's the closest facility.

answer

Divert to the trauma center because the patient is becoming symptomatic.

question

What type of trauma triage criteria regarding transport would a finger amputation receive? Any hospital, as long as on-line medical direction approves the facility's capabilities Any hospital with surgical facilities Trauma center The patient's choice of destination

answer

Any hospital with surgical facilities

question

In which of the following ways does the body produce heat in response to being cold? Excreting more urine Burning fewer calories Shivering Increasing the respiratory rate

answer

Shivering

question

In which of the following situations would a person lose heat by conduction? Sitting on cold metal bleachers at a football game Wearing wet clothing in windy weather Breathing Going outside without a coat during a cold but calm day

answer

Sitting on cold metal bleachers at a football game

question

When the body is in water, how many times faster does it lose heat than when it is in still air? 2 100 10 25

answer

25

question

A patient who is lying on cold ground is losing the most amount of heat by what mechanism? Radiation Convection Conduction Shivering

answer

Conduction

question

Which of the following is the process in which heat is lost from the body as wind passes over it? Convection Hydrodynamic cooling Exposure Condensation

answer

Convection

question

Which of the following is the most significant way in which the body cools itself? Respiration Perspiration Radiation Vasoconstriction

answer

Perspiration

question

Why is it important to keep patients at rest when they are hypothermic? Since the blood is warmest in the extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the warm blood and raises the core body temperature. Since the blood is coldest in the extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the cold blood and drop the blood pressure. Since the blood is coldest in the extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the cold blood and lower the core body temperature. None of the above

answer

Since the blood is warmest in the extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the warm blood and raises the core body temperature.

question

Which of the following does NOT make infants and children more prone to hypothermia? Inefficient metabolism Large body surface area Small muscle mass Little body fat

answer

Inefficient metabolism

question

Which of the following terms describes the temperature of the surrounding air? Wind chill index Shell temperature Core temperature Ambient temperature

answer

Ambient temperature

question

In cases of extreme hypothermia, you will find the patient unconscious, with no discernible vital signs, and skin cold to your touch with stiff joints as if they appear dead. What is the emergency care for these patients? Contact medical control for input into the best treatment for this patient. Call the coroner as indications are the patient is cold and deceased, which is a definitive sign of death. Check distal CSM, apply warming packs to the extremities, and transport the patient. Assess the carotid pulse for 30 to 45 seconds; if there is no pulse, start CPR immediately and prepare to apply the AED.

answer

Assess the carotid pulse for 30 to 45 seconds; if there is no pulse, start CPR immediately and prepare to apply the AED.

question

To assess skin temperature for a possibly hypothermic patient, the EMT should place the back of his hand against which part of the patient's body? Forehead Cheek Abdomen Inner wrist

answer

Abdomen

question

Allowing a patient's body temperature to increase by preventing further heat loss is referred to as which of the following? Core rewarming Passive rewarming Active rewarming Natural rewarming

answer

Passive rewarming

question

Applying an external source of heat to the patient's body to rewarm him is called ________ rewarming. central active endogenous peripheral

answer

active

question

The technique for central rewarming requires the application of heat to which of the following areas of the patient's body? Chest, back, neck, and armpits Lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin Head, neck, chest, and back Head, neck, chest, and groin

answer

Lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin

question

Which of the following is acceptable when actively rewarming a hypothermic patient? Encouraging the patient to exercise Giving coffee or brandy to drink Warming the patient as quickly as possible Applying humidified oxygen

answer

Applying humidified oxygen

question

In a hypothermic patient the coldest blood is found in what part of the patient's body? Intestines Heart and lungs Head Extremities

answer

Extremities

question

You arrive on the scene and find an unresponsive homeless man lying in the alleyway clutching a wine bottle. He is wearing a long-sleeved shirt, but does not have pants on. His skin feels cold to the touch. The week's temperatures have not been above 50°F. Which of the following should you do immediately after ensuring the patient has an adequate airway? Apply the AED. Provide manual stabilization of the cervical spine. Begin passive rewarming. Check the pulse.

answer

Check the pulse.

question

Rough handling of a patient with severe hypothermia may result in which of the following? Ventricular fibrillation Seizures Heart attack Rewarming shock

answer

Ventricular fibrillation

question

When resuscitating a hypothermic patient in cardiac arrest, resuscitation attempts must continue until the patient has: been ventilated for at least 30 minutes with an oropharyngeal airway in place. developed rigor mortis. been defibrillated a total of nine times. been rewarmed.

answer

been rewarmed.

question

Which of the following is NOT a classification of localized cold injury? Hypothermia Frostbite Frostnip All of the above are localized cold injuries.

answer

Hypothermia

question

The term gangrene means tissue: damage. discoloration. infection. death.

answer

death

question

Localized cold injury occurs due to vasoconstriction and: chemical imbalance in the tissues. blood clots. ice crystal formation in the tissues. loss of calcium.

answer

ice crystal formation in the tissues.

question

Which of the following BEST describes a localized cold injury with a clear line of demarcation of its limits? Early frostnip Late frostbite Immersion foot Deep frostnip

answer

Early frostnip

question

The term blanching, used to describe localized cold injury, means the tissue has turned to which of the following colors? White or lighter Blue or purple Red Black

answer

White or lighter

question

Which of the following should the EMT do during the treatment of localized cold injury? Encourage the patient to use the affected part. Rub the affected area with snow. Massage the affected area. Gradually warm the affected area.

answer

Gradually warm the affected area.

question

When actively rewarming a frostbitten extremity in warm water, you should change the water when the temperature falls below ________ °F. 115-120 100-105 85-95 80-90

answer

100-105

question

Which of the following describes the condition of having an abnormally high body temperature? Hyperthermia Septic shock Hyperdynamic state Heat shock

answer

Hyperthermia

question

For which of the following reasons are newborns, infants, and the elderly more readily affected by the heat than other age groups? Faster metabolism Increased body mass Inadequate salt intake Poor ability to regulate body temperature

answer

Poor ability to regulate body temperature

question

Heat cramps occur due to loss of which of the following substances? Water Salt Magnesium Water and potassium

answer

Salt

question

Heat stroke is caused by which of the following mechanisms? Blockage of blood flow to the brain Extreme dilation of all the blood vessels Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms Heat-induced swelling of brain tissue

answer

Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms

question

When submerged in water, biological death may be delayed if the water temperature is below ________ °F. 70 98.6 50 32

answer

70

question

Regarding drowning in adults, which of the following statements is true? Colder water improves survival chances in saltwater drowning but not in freshwater drowning. Water temperature makes no difference in the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning. The colder the water, the better the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning. The warmer the water, the better the chances of survival in saltwater drowning.

answer

The colder the water, the better the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning.

question

Which of the following spiders can cause a characteristic wound with a bite that is often painless? Brown recluse spider Sheet web spider Argiope spider Black widow spider

answer

Brown recluse spider

question

Where should a constricting band be placed to reduce lymphatic flow after a venomous snake bite? Two inches above the bite Two inches below the bite Two inches above and two inches below the bite None of the above; constricting bands should not be used.

answer

Two inches above and two inches below the bite

question

The purpose of a constricting band after a venomous snake bite is to impede the flow of which of the following? Lymph Arterial blood Venom Both A and C

answer

Lymph

question

Of the following venomous snakes, which one usually has the highest incidence of a "dry bite"? Coral snake Water moccasin Mississauga rattlesnake Copperhead

answer

Coral snake

question

Which of the following could worsen the effects of a snake bite? Application of ice Cutting and suctioning out the venom Constricting bands above and below the bite All of the above

answer

Application of ice

question

Reducing the pain of a marine animal sting can be accomplished by rinsing the affected area with which of the following? Sterile saline solution Gasoline or kerosene Cold water Vinegar

answer

Vinegar

question

Which of the following occurs when gases leave a damaged lung in a diving accident and enter the bloodstream? Arterial thrombosis Arterial blood gases Hyperbaric arterial injury Arterial gas embolism

answer

Arterial gas embolism

question

Which of the following is caused by trapped nitrogen gas in the tissues due to a rapid ascent from a scuba dive? "Squeeze" injuries of the ear and sinuses Pulmonary embolism Decompression sickness Nitrogen narcosis

answer

Decompression sickness

question

Which of the following increases a scuba diver's risk of decompression sickness? Taking cold or sinus medications before a dive Flying within several hours after a dive Diving on a full stomach Breathing 100 percent oxygen before a dive

answer

Flying within several hours after a dive

question

You arrive on the scene to find a scuba diver on board a boat slumped over in the captain's chair with frothy blood in his mouth. The captain states that the diver was down no more than 15 feet when he ascended rapidly and called for help. Which of the following is most likely? Decompression sickness The bends Air embolism Caisson's disease

answer

Air embolism

question

Which of the following types of snake is NOT a pit viper? Water moccasin Rattlesnake Coral snake Copperhead

answer

Coral snake

question

You are enjoying some time at the beach on your day off when you hear a swimmer crying for help. As you spot the swimmer about 30 feet from shore, she cries out again but appears to be getting weaker. Although there is no lifeguard on duty, there is a rowboat and a ring buoy available. Assuming you do NOT know how to swim or consider yourself a poor swimmer, which of the following should you do first? Row the boat out to the swimmer. Use the buoy to float out to the swimmer. Find someone who can swim to try to swim out and save the swimmer. Call for help and try to throw the buoy to the swimmer.

answer

Call for help and try to throw the buoy to the swimmer.

question

To rescue someone who has fallen through the ice, which of the following is the safest device to use? A jet-ski A flat-bottomed aluminum boat A ladder A ring buoy

answer

A flat-bottomed aluminum boat

question

Most radiant heat is lost through which part of the body? The hands and feet The head The buttocks The torso

answer

The head

question

Which of the following signs would you NOT expect to see in a patient suffering from severe hypothermia? Numbness Shivering Drowsiness Skin cool to touch

answer

Shivering

question

Why is it important to remove constricting items such as rings before thawing a frozen extremity? Because thawed areas often swell To prevent damage to the property such as rings and watches Because thawing leaves clots behind in the veins All of the above

answer

Because thawed areas often swell

question

Which of the following would you expect to see in a patient with severe hypothermia? Irrational behavior Loss of muscle tone Rapid respirations Tachycardia

answer

Irrational behavior

question

In a patient with extreme hypothermia who appears to be in cardiac arrest, you should assess the pulse for how long? 30 to 45 seconds 20 to 30 seconds 5 to 10 seconds 15 to 20 seconds

answer

30 to 45 seconds

question

Your patient is a 24-year-old man who smoked a cigarette dipped in formaldehyde and then went outside with no shoes on and walked in the snow for about an hour. He has deep local cold injuries to both feet. Which of the following should be included in your management of this patient? Break blisters before wrapping both feet in sterile dressings. Have the patient sit with his feet lower than the rest of his body. Gradually rewarm both feet. Massage the feet briskly.

answer

Gradually rewarm both feet.

question

Your patient is a 44-year-old female with a history of alcoholism. She has been walking around at an outdoor fair on a hot, sunny day. She is disoriented to time; has hot, dry skin; and appears to be generally weak. Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of treatment for this patient? Have the patient drink an electrolyte solution or sports drink and apply cold packs to her neck, armpits, and groin. Get as much ice as possible from the food vendors at the fair, place the patient in a large container of ice, and apply oxygen by nonrebreather mask. Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask, have the patient sip a sports drink or electrolyte solution, remove heavy clothing, and place cold packs on her neck, armpits, and groin. Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask, remove heavy clothing, and place cold packs on her neck, armpits, and groin.

answer

Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask, remove heavy clothing, and place cold packs on her neck, armpits, and groin.

question

Which of the following is often associated with water-related emergencies? Hypothermia Cardiac arrest Alcohol use All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is acceptable in the management of a patient stung by a honey bee? Soak the affected area in warm water. Pull the stinger out using tweezers. Remove jewelry from any affected limbs. Elevate the affected site above the level of the heart to reduce swelling.

answer

Remove jewelry from any affected limbs.

question

Which of the following agencies have developed regulations for dealing with hazardous materials emergencies? OSHA and EPA DOT and FCC NAEMT and NHTSA NHTSA and NRC

answer

OSHA and EPA

question

To respond to a hazardous materials incident, the EMT should be trained at which of the four levels? Operations Specialist Technician Awareness

answer

Awareness

question

In which of the following settings should the EMT be alert to the possibility of hazardous materials emergencies? Manufacturing industries Farm service agencies Shipping ports All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

You are called to a garden center where four shoppers have collapsed after a section of shelving fell and dumped hazardous products on the floor. When you arrive on the scene, you should: think hazmat, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response. think hazmat, dress in a Tyvek suit, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response. secure the scene quickly, triage each patient, and move to fresh air. think hazmat, dress in a Tyvek suit, access the scene to identify the spilled product, secure the MSDS sheets, and remove victims to fresh air.

answer

think hazmat, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response.

question

Which of the following are desirable characteristics of the "safe or cold zone" in a hazardous materials incident? Upwind, uphill from the spill Upwind, on the same level as the spill Downwind, uphill from the spill Downwind, downhill from the spill

answer

Upwind, on the same level as the spill

question

Which of the following is NOT the role of the first arriving EMT at the scene of a possible hazardous materials emergency? Requesting special resources to respond Recognizing a hazardous materials emergency Establishing a safe zone Rescuing any victims still in the area of the spill

answer

Rescuing any victims still in the area of the spill

question

In which of the following zones is the EMT expected to be staged at the scene of a hazardous materials incident? Warm zone Hot zone Cold zone Ground zero

answer

Cold zone

question

Which of the following should be considered during the scene size-up of a hazardous materials emergency? Potential for spread of the substance The properties and potential dangers of the substance Identification of the substance All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is NOT an acceptable way of attempting to identify a hazardous material? Checking the material safety data sheet Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysis Asking the driver of the tractor-trailer truck involved in the incident Using binoculars to obtain information from the placard on a container

answer

Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysis

question

Which of the following is a resource for specific actions to be taken by personnel dealing with a hazardous materials incident? Medical protocols Emergency response guidebook Medical dictionary Food and Drug Administration toll-free hotline

answer

Emergency response guidebook

question

When seeking expert advice on how to proceed at a hazardous materials incident, which of the following information is important to provide? The amount of the substance involved Your level of EMS certification Your background in chemistry Both A and B

answer

The amount of the substance involved

question

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of an EMT at the scene of a hazardous materials emergency? Rehabilitating the hazmat team Decontaminating injured victims Treating injured patients Staying in the cold zone

answer

Decontaminating injured victims

question

Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of the rehabilitation sector of a hazardous materials incident? It is large enough to accommodate multiple rescue crews. It allows for rapid re-entry to the emergency operation. It is protected from weather elements. It is located in the warm zone.

answer

It is located in the warm zone.

question

Which of the following is a function of the rehabilitation sector in a hazardous materials incident? Providing for hydration of rescue crews Taking baseline vital signs before rescuers enter the operations area Performing medical assessment of rescue crews All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following actions may need to be taken by the EMT when treating and transporting a patient who was exposed to, and contaminated by, a hazardous material? Wearing heavy cloth gloves Disposing of patient care equipment such as blood-pressure cuffs and backboards Wearing a gown, mask, and goggles to prevent secondary contamination Placing towels on the floor of the ambulance to soak up contaminated runoff water

answer

Disposing of patient care equipment such as blood-pressure cuffs and backboards

question

Which of the following personal protective items must be used by EMS personnel caring for patients in a hazardous materials emergency? Structural firefighting gear HEPA mask Chemical permeable gloves Tyvek or other chemical impermeable coveralls

answer

Tyvek or other chemical impermeable coveralls

question

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of decontamination from hazardous materials? Disinfecting Disposing Deodorizing Emulsifying

answer

Deodorizing

question

When grossly decontaminating a patient who is not wearing personal protective equipment in a hazardous materials incident, which of the following techniques should be used? Taking a low-pressure decontamination shower Scrubbing with a long-handled brush Sponging with a dilute solution of water and white vinegar Using a high pressure water jet system

answer

Taking a low-pressure decontamination shower

question

Which of the following is the most common type of multiple-casualty incident that EMS providers will respond to? Outbreaks of influenza Motor vehicle collisions Structure fires Hazardous materials incidents

answer

Motor vehicle collisions

question

You are on the scene of a church bus roll-over collision. There are 30 passengers involved. As triage officer, which one of the following patients should you assign the highest priority? A 30-year-old man with multiple lower extremity fractures who is awake, has a strong radial pulse, and is complaining of severe pain A 35-year-old pregnant woman with a cut on her head, neck pain, and numbness and tingling in her arms A 70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right side An unresponsive 9-year-old male with an open skull fracture who is in cardiac arrest

answer

A 70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right side

question

Which of the following is a feature of a good disaster plan? It is specific to the geographical location. It has been practiced in mock disasters. It is based on the availability of resources in a particular area. All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

You are on the scene of a riot following a decision in a controversial court case. A large group of people have set fire to vehicles, broken windows, and assaulted people in the area. Which of the following would be the BEST method of incident command? Singular command by EMS Singular command by fire service Unified command Singular command by law enforcement

answer

Unified command

question

Which of the following is a principle of effective incident command? Command is most effective when one person is responsible for not more than six other people. The command location must not be revealed to anyone on the scene. Police, fire, and EMS must establish separate command locations. None of the above

answer

Command is most effective when one person is responsible for not more than six other people.

question

You are an EMT on the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which there are 50 patients from a bus roll-over. Incident command has been established and EMS, law enforcement, and rescue sectors are established. You have just discovered that one of the bus passengers was carrying a suspicious package that is now leaking a white powdery substance. Which of the following entities should you contact about this? Incident commander EMS sector officer Rescue sector officer Dispatch

answer

EMS sector officer

question

When responding to a multiple-casualty incident, staging refers to which of the following? Setting up a triage center from the back of your ambulance Staying on station until called upon to receive a patient Keeping a log of all patients transported Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated sector officer

answer

Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated sector officer

question

You are on the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which the grandstand at a race track has collapsed. As the triage officer, you have encountered a 14-year-old male whose leg has been amputated above the knee. He is responsive to verbal stimuli, and he has an open airway, shallow rapid breathing, and a weak, rapid carotid pulse. This patient would be classified as a Priority ________ for treatment and transport. 2 3 1 4

answer

1

question

You are beginning triage at the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which a commuter train has derailed. Which of the following should you do first? Do a quick pulse check on all patients at the scene. Identify all Priority 1 patients. Announce that everyone who can get up and walk needs to go to the parking lot of a nearby building. Check the airway status of all patients who do not appear to be moving. .

answer

Announce that everyone who can get up and walk needs to go to the parking lot of a nearby building.

question

_______________ is the response agency, established in Washington, DC, as a service of the Chemical Manufacturers Association, that can provide either you or your dispatcher with information about the hazardous material and contact the shipper to provide you with information about the material. OSHA CHEMTREC HAZMART EPA

answer

CHEMTREC

question

You are just leaving the scene of a multiple-casualty incident with two Priority 1 patients. Which of the following is appropriate regarding communication? Allow the transportation sector officer to notify the receiving facility. Notify the receiving facility by radio of the nature of the patients' injuries. Notify the receiving hospital by cellular phone of the nature of the patients' injuries. Have dispatch relay your patient reports to the receiving facility.

answer

Allow the transportation sector officer to notify the receiving facility.

question

The senior EMT on the first ambulance that arrived on a scene with multiple patients should assume which of the following roles until relieved by a senior official? Transport sector supervisor Commander of the entire incident Triage sector supervisor Commander of the medical aspect of the scene

answer

Commander of the medical aspect of the scene

question

Where is the decon corridor located where patients, personnel, and equipment are decontaminated? Hot zone Cold zone Warm zone Cool zone

answer

Warm zone

question

Name the process that removes the biological (etiological) contamination hazards as it destroys microorganisms and their toxins. Dilution Emulsification Disinfection Absorption

answer

Disinfection

question

What constitutes a multiple-casualty incident (MCI)? An event that unfolds over a long period of time and requires federal, state, and local response An incident with 3 to 15 patients that the service handles without calling for additional resources An event that places a great demand on EMS equipment and personnel resources Any event that requires additional ambulances to adequately transport the patients from the scene

answer

An event that places a great demand on EMS equipment and personnel resources

question

Disaster plans are a predefined set of instructions that should be written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location and which other three parts? Written, multijurisdictional, and rehearsed Well publicized, multijurisdictional, and rehearsed Well publicized, realistic, and rehearsed Written, realistic, and rehearsed

answer

Well publicized, realistic, and rehearsed

question

ICS systems recognize that the manageable span of control is: 6 people. 12 people. 18 people. 24 people.

answer

6 people.

question

When several agencies work independently but cooperatively, rather than one agency exercising control over the others, this is called: unified command. single incident command. ICS. NIMS.

answer

unified command.

question

EMS operations generally include the Mobile command center and what other six areas? Extrication, Operations, Logistics, Triage, Finance, and Transportation Extrication, Staging, Logistics, Triage, Operations, and Transportation Extrication, Staging, Triage, Treatment, Transportation, and Rehabilitation Extrication, Staging, Triage, Air operations, Transportation, and Rehabilitation

answer

Extrication, Staging, Triage, Treatment, Transportation, and Rehabilitation

question

Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) is a system that relies on some simple commands and what three physiologic parameters? Respiration, pain, and mental status Circulation, sensory, and motor status Respiration, sensory, and motor status Respiration, pulse, and mental status

answer

Respiration, pulse, and mental status

question

With START triage, when you arrive on the scene you ask all the patients who can walk to move to one area. These patients are categorized as: yellow tagged. Priority 3 walking wounded. red tagged. Priority 4 walking wounded.

answer

Priority 3 walking wounded.

question

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Please triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #1 is a 16-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 28, pulse 132, and altered mental status with cool clammy skin. Priority 3, green tag Priority 4, black tag Priority 1, red tag Priority 2, yellow tag

answer

Priority 1, red tag

question

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Please triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #2 is an 8-year-old male with the following vital signs: respirations 10, pulse 102, and alert mental status with warm dry skin. Priority 1, red tag Priority 3, green tag Priority 2, yellow tag Priority 4, black tag

answer

Priority 3, green tag

question

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Please triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #3 is a 38-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 0, pulse 0, and nonresponsive. Priority 4, black tag Priority 1, red tag Priority 2, yellow tag Priority 3, green tag

answer

Priority 4, black tag

question

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Please triage this patient based on this scenario. Patient #4 is a 13-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 8, pulse 124, and nonresponsive with blood from the ears and nose. Priority 3, green tag Priority 4, black tag Priority 1, red tag Priority 2, yellow tag

answer

Priority 1, red tag

question

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Please triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #5 is a 17-year-old male with the following vital signs: respirations 18, pulse 104, alert, crying, and wanting his mother; he is ambulatory. Priority 2, yellow tag Priority 3, green tag Priority 1, red tag Priority 4, black tag

answer

Priority 3, green tag

question

Who is the person that is in charge of tracking the patient's final destination? Treatment officer Staging officer Transportation officer Incident commander

answer

Transportation officer

question

Good Luck on your test!! HM3 Yulo ( [email protected])

answer

Good Luck on your test!! HM3 Yulo ( [email protected])

MOD6 – Chapter 27 – 39 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards