Middle Ages: Cause / Effects + Feudalism – Flashcards
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Lasted 1000 years between the ___ and the Renaissance
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Roman Empire
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Dark Ages, Medieval Times, Post-Classical
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Other names for Middle Age
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These were abandoned as centers of trade and administration as Europe became more rural
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Cities
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Germanic invaders couldn't read or write, which led Medieval Europe to have a...
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Decline in learning
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Latin changed as it merged with Germanic languages and Roman populations, which led Medieval Europe to have a...
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Loss of a common language
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Germanic tribes did not have written laws and valued family allegiance, which led Medieval Europe to have a ...
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Loss of an established government
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This organization became very powerful as a landowner and the center of manorial life
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The Church
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Leader of the Franks who converted to Christianity and united Germanic tribes
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Clovis
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Charles the Great - 6'4' - emperor - most powerful king in Europe - spread Christianity - encouraged learning
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Charlemagne
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The pope crowning Charlemagne emperor symbolized...
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The pope gave the king his power
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Only group of people who could read and write in the Middle Ages
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Monks & church leaders
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This social system in Europe developed out of a need for protection from barbaric invasions
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Feudalism
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The top of the Feudal hierarchy - original landowners who are figureheads
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Kings & Queens
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Given land from a King in exchange for loyalty
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Nobles / Lords
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Land
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Fief
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Free person who is granted land from a lord in exchange for loyalty or military service
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Vassal
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Ceremony by which a vassal pledges loyalty to a lord & acknowledges feudal obligations
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Homage
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Small, self-sufficient estates of Medieval Europe ran by a noble
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Manor
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Nobles provided this to peasants...
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Opportunity to work, land to live on, and protection
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Common people who were free, uneducated and overall unskilled
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Peasants
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A church tax, equal to 1/10th of ones income
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Tithe
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Low-level peasant legally tied to the land and a noble
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Serf
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Vowed protection to their noble and thus to the king above him - all this in exchange for land
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Knight
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Age 7 - knight in training - learned etiquette, chivalry, writing & music
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Page
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Age 14 - knight's personal servant - dangerous, assisted a knight on battlefield
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Squire
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Age 21 - ceremony in which a squire becomes a knight by proving their ability
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Dubbed
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War hammer, pike, staff, mace, flail, sword
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Medieval weapons of knights
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Code of behavior expected of knights - protect God, protect and honor women, live by honor
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Chivalry
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Stability and social order were maintained and protection was provided for all people
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Benefits of Feudalism
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Real advantages and benefits are only felt by the lords and this resulted in a large divide between the rich & poor
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Disadvantages of Feudalism
