mid term chap1 – Flashcards
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The simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful in enabling psychologists to
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develop general principles that help explain behavior
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In an experimental study of the effects of anxiety on self-esteem, anxiety would be the ________ variable.
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independent
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Which research method assesses how well one variable predicts another without specifying a cause and effect relationship between the variables?
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case study
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The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
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people encode, process, store, and retrieve information
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A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.60 would indicate that
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Less frequently dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness
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Dr. Vazquez helps people to make career choices by assisting them in identifying their strengths and interests. Dr. Vazquez is most likely a
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counseling psychologist
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Correlational research is most useful for purposes of
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prediction
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The SQ3R study method emphasizes the importance of
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reviewing material
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In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that
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the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying
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Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate
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overconfidence
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If research participants given an inert substance that is presumed to have medicinal benefits experience pain relief, this illustrates
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the placebo effect
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Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on homosexual behavior. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective.
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behavior genetics
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To determine whether the strength of people's self-esteem is related to their income levels, researchers would most likely make use of
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correlational research
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Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates
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overconfidence
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Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions associated with the emotions of lust and rage are inherited?
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evolutionary
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Innate ability is to learned skill as ________ is to ________.
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nature; nurture
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Smiling is to feeling as ________ is to ________.
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behavior; mental process
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For no apparent reason, Adam has recently begun to feel so tense and anxious that he frequently stays home from work. Adam would benefit from talking to a(n) ________ psychologist.
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clinical
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Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding
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nature vs. nurture
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Karen mistakenly believes that her test grades are negatively correlated with the amount of time she studies for her tests. Research on illusory correlation suggests that she is especially likely to notice instances in which
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Poor grades follow lengthy study and Good grades follow brief study
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Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?
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behavioral
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Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of
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reactions to sensory simulation
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Psychologists study animals because
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similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior.
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An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a
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placebo
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Professor Ambra was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of these findings?
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replication
