Mid-Term – Flashcard Test Questions

Flashcard maker : Briley Leonard
due process
Ensuring that citizens are protected from abusive power by government is known as

War on Terrorism
Following the events of September 11, 2001, then President Bush declared a

system of social control.
A social system designed to maintain order and regulate interaction is known as a(n)

criminal justice system.
The enforcement of laws by the police, the courts, and correctional institutions comprise the

crime control model
Which model would view a criminal justice system that fights crime and protects potential victims?

the Civil Rights Movement
Civil disobedience was a tactic used by activists in which of the following?

the prosecutor
Who has the authority to decide what charges will be filed at the time of arraignment?

arraignment
At what point in the criminal justice process is the defendant asked to enter a formal plea of either guilty or not guilty to the charges?

social
Sociology is the study of human _________ behavior.

Weeks v. United States
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision established the exclusionary rule?

true bill
A decision issued by a grand jury authorizing the prosecutor to arraign the defendant is called the

Jeremy Bentham
Which one of the following men is credited with the formation of the neoclassical school of criminology?

the Salem witch trials
Which one of the following events below is evidence to that the American colonists believed in evil spirits, supernatural explanations, and used the judicial process to rid the colonies of so-called satanic influences?

controlled by subconscious desires
Sigmund Freud based his theory on the underlying assumption that behavior is

psychoanalytic theory
Which of the following is not a sociological theory explaining criminal behavior?

zone theory
Which theory is based on the belief that structural factors such as poverty, illiteracy, lack of schooling, and unemployment are powerful forces that influence levels of crime?

labeling theory
The concept of protecting the identity of juveniles charged with delinquency is rooted from which theory of criminology?

sociology, biology, psychology
Which variables to criminologists think influence criminal behavior?

rape, murder, burglary
Which of the following is considered a Part I offense?

FBI
Which agency is responsible for compiling the data for the UCR?

unreported crime
The dark figure of crime statistics is referring to

Bureau of Justice Statistics
Which method of gathering data promotes itself as “the United States’ primary source for criminal justice statistics?”

12-24
Which age group has the highest rate of victimization?

victimology
The study of victims and their patterns of victimization is known as

Predatory crime
Acts “involving direct physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage” is defined Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson as what type of crime?

3
The routine activities theory depends on the interaction of how many variables?

Mal Prohibita
Parking violation or underage drinking are examples of what type of behavior?

state statutes
Which of the following does not provide for federal criminal laws?

principle of legality
Which limit of the law requires the publication of a law before it can been enforced?

ex post facto laws
Which limit of the law protects a person from being punished for an action committed before such a law existed?

void for vagueness.
The law must provide clear and specific language to define a prohibited behavior. If they do not, they might be considered

general intent.
The principle that a person has commonsense understanding that the results of his or her behavior might cause harm is termed

scheme
Which of the following is not a category of inchoate offenses?

It could be a defense in certain sporting events that might result in an opponent’s death
Which of the following statements is accurate in regard to the consent defense?

entrapment
Mr. Smith claims an undercover police officer supplied him with a gun and drove him to a bank encouraging him to rob it. What defense would Mr. Smith claim?

necessity
Which defense is sometimes nicknamed as the “lesser of two evils”?

self-defense
Mrs. Johnson shot and killed a man who was trying to break into her house. What is the legal basis for her defending herself from a home invasion?

intent to commit a crime
The offense of burglary combines two lesser crimes, trespass and

Sir Robert Peel
Under whose leadership was the London Metropolitan Police first established to promote public safety and enforce criminal codes?

jurisdiction.
Geographic limitations of responsibility for a municipal police department is termed a

Plessy v. Ferguson.
The “separate but equal” doctrine was established when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of

sheriff’s office
Which agency is the oldest policing authority in the United States?

providing security at airports
Which of the following is not a major responsibility for a sheriff’s department?

special investigations
State law enforcement can be divided into three major agencies: traffic enforcement, general criminal investigation, and

City
Jurisdiction of local police agencies is limited to the geographical boundaries of the

Native American Tribal Police
There are essentially three different types of federal law enforcement agencies: military police, civilian police, and

Broken WIndows Theory
Which of the following theories believes that tolerating public order violations and disruptive behavior leads to community neglect, which fosters further disorder and crime?

the exclusionary rule
Evidence that is illegally collected in a criminal case will be declared inadmissible under which rule?

Weeks v. United States
The origins of the exclusionary rule can be traced back to which case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1914?

Fourth Amendment
Which amendment requires that evidence must be obtained by police with the use of a valid search warrant issued by a judge or searches may be based on probable cause?

Wolf v. Colorado
Which U.S. Supreme Court case required states to enact procedures to protect citizens from abusive searches?

plain-view search
A police officer can gather evidence without a warrant when it is clearly visible. This is known as a

Terry v. Ohio
The Pat-Down search was established in the case of

good faith exception
The two most common exceptions to the requirements for a search warrant are public safety and

jurisprudence
The science or philosophy of law is called

tort
A private wrong that causes a harm to another is a

U.S. Court of Military Appeals
What federal courts hear appeals from Courts of Military Review?

landmark cases
U.S. Supreme Court cases that determine how the Constitution is to be interpreted are called

certiorari power
The power of the Supreme Court to choose what cases it will hear is called

Supreme Court, Supreme Judicial Court, Supreme Court
Which below is a court of last resort?

How many federal courts are there?
more than 100

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