Mid-Term – Flashcard Test Questions

Ensuring that citizens are protected from abusive power by government is known as

Following the events of September 11, 2001, then President Bush declared a

A social system designed to maintain order and regulate interaction is known as a(n)

The enforcement of laws by the police, the courts, and correctional institutions comprise the

Which model would view a criminal justice system that fights crime and protects potential victims?

Civil disobedience was a tactic used by activists in which of the following?

Who has the authority to decide what charges will be filed at the time of arraignment?

At what point in the criminal justice process is the defendant asked to enter a formal plea of either guilty or not guilty to the charges?

Sociology is the study of human _________ behavior.

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision established the exclusionary rule?

A decision issued by a grand jury authorizing the prosecutor to arraign the defendant is called the

Which one of the following men is credited with the formation of the neoclassical school of criminology?

Which one of the following events below is evidence to that the American colonists believed in evil spirits, supernatural explanations, and used the judicial process to rid the colonies of so-called satanic influences?

Sigmund Freud based his theory on the underlying assumption that behavior is

Which of the following is not a sociological theory explaining criminal behavior?

Which theory is based on the belief that structural factors such as poverty, illiteracy, lack of schooling, and unemployment are powerful forces that influence levels of crime?

The concept of protecting the identity of juveniles charged with delinquency is rooted from which theory of criminology?

Which variables to criminologists think influence criminal behavior?

Which of the following is considered a Part I offense?

Which agency is responsible for compiling the data for the UCR?

The dark figure of crime statistics is referring to

Which method of gathering data promotes itself as “the United States’ primary source for criminal justice statistics?”

Which age group has the highest rate of victimization?

The study of victims and their patterns of victimization is known as

Acts “involving direct physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage” is defined Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson as what type of crime?

The routine activities theory depends on the interaction of how many variables?

Parking violation or underage drinking are examples of what type of behavior?

Which of the following does not provide for federal criminal laws?

Which limit of the law requires the publication of a law before it can been enforced?

Which limit of the law protects a person from being punished for an action committed before such a law existed?

The law must provide clear and specific language to define a prohibited behavior. If they do not, they might be considered

The principle that a person has commonsense understanding that the results of his or her behavior might cause harm is termed

Which of the following is not a category of inchoate offenses?

Which of the following statements is accurate in regard to the consent defense?

Mr. Smith claims an undercover police officer supplied him with a gun and drove him to a bank encouraging him to rob it. What defense would Mr. Smith claim?

Which defense is sometimes nicknamed as the “lesser of two evils”?

Mrs. Johnson shot and killed a man who was trying to break into her house. What is the legal basis for her defending herself from a home invasion?

The offense of burglary combines two lesser crimes, trespass and

Under whose leadership was the London Metropolitan Police first established to promote public safety and enforce criminal codes?

Geographic limitations of responsibility for a municipal police department is termed a

The “separate but equal” doctrine was established when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of

Which agency is the oldest policing authority in the United States?

Which of the following is not a major responsibility for a sheriff’s department?

State law enforcement can be divided into three major agencies: traffic enforcement, general criminal investigation, and

Jurisdiction of local police agencies is limited to the geographical boundaries of the

There are essentially three different types of federal law enforcement agencies: military police, civilian police, and

Which of the following theories believes that tolerating public order violations and disruptive behavior leads to community neglect, which fosters further disorder and crime?

Evidence that is illegally collected in a criminal case will be declared inadmissible under which rule?

The origins of the exclusionary rule can be traced back to which case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1914?

Which amendment requires that evidence must be obtained by police with the use of a valid search warrant issued by a judge or searches may be based on probable cause?

Which U.S. Supreme Court case required states to enact procedures to protect citizens from abusive searches?

A police officer can gather evidence without a warrant when it is clearly visible. This is known as a

The Pat-Down search was established in the case of

The two most common exceptions to the requirements for a search warrant are public safety and

The science or philosophy of law is called

A private wrong that causes a harm to another is a

What federal courts hear appeals from Courts of Military Review?

U.S. Supreme Court cases that determine how the Constitution is to be interpreted are called

The power of the Supreme Court to choose what cases it will hear is called

Which below is a court of last resort?

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