question

Initiation of translation involves the formation of the 30S initiation complex. This includes _____.

answer

N-formyl-me-tRNA binding to the 30S subunit in what will become the Psite, mRNA attachment to the 30S ribosomal subunit, use of initiation factor 3 to prevent 50S ribosome from binding the 30S ribosome prematurely, use of initiation factor 2 to carry the formyl-methionyl-tRNA.

question

Which pathway(s) oxidize glucose-6-P and convert it to 6-phosphogluconate with subsequent production of NADPH+H & NADH+H?

answer

Entner Dourdoff (ED) and PentosePhosphatePathway (PPP)

question

Which of the following are true regarding the transition step into the Krebs cycle and following glycolysis?

answer

Is a redox reaction NAD to produce NADH+H, condensation reaction coenzymeA to produce AcetylCoA important fatty acid biosynthesis, decarboxylation results in removal of C from pyruvate, reaction catalyzed by large enzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase.

question

During the 3 Carbon stage of glycolysis (energy harvest), what reaction step(s) yield(s) synthesis of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation?

answer

Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate (YIELDS ATP)

question

Rho dependent termination of transcription in bacteria occurs by ______.

answer

Binding of transcription terminator, rho protein, to the DNA which blocks RNA polymerase movement and bind of transcription terminator,rho protein, to mRNA while being transcribed, Rho travels towards RNA polymerase, rho functions to unwind mRNA-DNA duplex resulting in dissociation of transcription machinery.

question

Which of the following explain best why farmers are not too happy about soil microorganisms that undergo denitrification?

answer

Denitrification convert the nitrate all the way to nitrogen gas released into the atmosphere removing all usable nitrate from the soil.

question

Enzymes speed up reactions by___.

answer

Lowering activation energy.

question

Which of the following statements are true concerning bacterial promoters?

answer

Identify region of DNA that is gene to be transcribed into RNA, identify DNA to be template strand, composed of 35 box RNA polymerase recognition and 10 pribnow box where RNA will unwind DNA and start transcription (ALL)

question

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the Sec- dependent pathway for protein secretion from E. coli?

answer

The SecA protein serves as motor for moving the protein across the cytoplasmic membrane and proteins to be secreted by this pathway carry a signal sequence.

question

Bacteria carry more diversity in their catabolic pathways. Which of the following statements is (are) true in describing differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic catabolism?

answer

Some replace glycolysis with EDpathway, can carry a greater variety of electron carrier molecules in membrane often branched chains, and are able to respond to environment and produce appropriate electron carriers according to the environment.

question

After the formation of the enzyme substrate complex, the enzyme undergoes a temporary ____ state resulting in an induced state fit where the substrates begin to look like the ____.

answer

Transition; product

question

Which of the following statement (s) regarding the termination of DNA replication of a bacterial chromosome is (are) true?

answer

Termination is mediated by the binding of Tus protein to ter sites in termination region and replication begins at oriC and its bidirectional termination occurs when both replication forks meet at termination site located on the opposite end of chromosome from the oriC site.

question

Which of the following statements regarding the bacterial chromosome is (are) false?

answer

It never associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. (that's where its located)

question

Where do fatty acids feed into catabolism when organisms are feeding off of fatty acids?

answer

Glycerol unit is removed and feeds into glycolysis and the fatty acids can be oxidized in the beta-oxidation pathway where they are stored by 2 C with each turn of the cycle. The two carbons are released in the form of acetyl-coenzymeA feed into the TCA cycle.

question

Fluoroquinolones typically target _____.

answer

DNA gyrase (relieving tension so it can replicate)

question

Which is true of aminoglycosides?

answer

Bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit blocking initiation or cause misreading of the mRNA if initiation already began and act synergistically with the beta lactams.

question

Chemolithoautotrophs must perform reverse electron flow which is the use of _____to be used in the production of ____.

answer

Proton motive force; NADH+H (reverse reduced)

question

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic respiration whereby Paracoccus denitrificans use nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor is FALSE?

answer

All are True.

question

For each glucose molecule, the final energy yields directly following glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is _____.

answer

10NADH,2GTP(ATP), 2ATP, 2FADH2

question

The A-site ______.

answer

Is found on assembled 70S (more precisely the 50S) ribosome and is the acceptor site for incoming amino acid.

question

Which of the following reactions in the Krebs cycle will result in the production of NADH and the release of the carbon that was contained in the original glucose molecule.

answer

Conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate and conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinylCoA.

question

In E. coli, two point mutations are inserted into the purine rich sequence called the shine delgarno (sp?) sequence thereby causing the sequence to no longer demonstrate activity. The consequence of this is ____.

answer

Translation will not initiate appropriately and the mRNA will not line up on the ribosome appropriately.

question

You have sequenced the genome for Coxiella burnetti. You find an area in the chromosome that contains 5 DNA A boxes arranged in tandem which is preceded by 3 AT-rich 13mers. This area most likely functions as ______.

answer

The origin of replication (oriC)

question

Using the DNA strand depicted below as a template, what will be the sequence of the RNA transcript? (Note, the RNA in the answers are all written in the 5' to 3' direction).
5'-GCGTTAACGTAGGC-3'
-promoter
3'-CGCAATTGCATCCG-5'

answer

5'-GCCUACGUUAACGC-3' (U for T)

question

The concept that the proton motive force is used to drive ATP synthesis through the enzyme ___is referred to as ____.

answer

ATP synthase; chemiosmotic hypothesis(OXIDATIVE)

question

During the 6 C stage of glycolysis (glucose activation stage), what reaction step (s) yield (s) synthesis of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation?

answer

ATP is used in all those steps (PEPto pyruvate yields ATP)

question

Consider the chart of standard reduction potentials to the right; all other factors being equal, would you expect the ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation to be greater in a gram negative bacterium utilizing sulfure (S^0) as the terminal electron acceptor of its ETC, or one using Fe3+?

answer

Iron (Fe3+)

question

Which of the following statements regarding the enzymes that function during elongation of DNA replication in prokaryotes is (are) True?

answer

DNA gyrase functions as a topoisomerase relieve tension, DNA helicase unwinds DNA, replication fork contains 2 DNA polymerase III molecules, primase as RNA PRIMER.

question

Dinitrophenol (DNP) is referred to as being an uncoupler. Uncouplers can incorporate or insert into membranes and then function to allow the movement of ions, such as protons, freely across the membrane. If uncouplers are added to bacteria, the uncouplers would insert into the cytoplasmic membrane. What impact would Dinitrophenol (DNP) have on the bacterial electron transport chain and on oxidative phosphorylation?

answer

The ETC would not be directly impacted; the protons pumped outside would simply enter through the uncoupler leading to the prevention of oxidative phosphorylation.

question

Which of the following is/are true about RNA polymerase?

answer

Used during transcription, doesn't require a primer, has subunit sigma factor which recognizes the promoter, (A,B,C)**reads 3'-5'

question

Which of the following is generally not a characteristic of eukaryotic gene expression?

answer

The mRNA is polycistronic.

question

Allosteric enzymes_____.

answer

Have an additional binding site that is involved in regulation enzyme activity.

question

The tRNA ______.

answer

Carries an amino acid and contains anticodon which interacts with the mRNA.

question

Which of the following statements about peptide elongation during protein synthesis is FALSE?

answer

EF-Tu mediates translocation event that results in the movement of the ribosome of the ribosome to the next codon of the mRNA. (actually delivers new aminoacidtRNAs to A site)

question

____ means that following replication, one DNA strand is from the parental DNA while the other strand is newly synthesized daughter DNA.

answer

Semiconservation replication.

question

_____ is a specialized fermentation pathway where the oxidation of one amino acid is coupled to the reduction of another amino acid and is used by _____.

answer

Stickland; clostridium species (gas gain green)

question

In the fermentation reactions, what must happen to allow for continuation of glycolysis?

answer

NADH must be reoxidized to NAD

question

Which of the following statements is (are) FALSE concerning the initiation of DNA replication at bacterial orgins, oriC?

answer

DNAa as helicase delivered to DNAC, DNAA recognizes sequence ATrich 13mers binds to sites, DNAa functions as topoisomerase.

question

Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning the initiation of DNA replication at bacterial origins, oriC?

answer

DnaA initiation protein, mediates bending of DNA at oriC, protein directs the dnaC-DnaB helicase into oriC.

question

True or false. The resulting mRNA following transcription is referred to the minus strand or antisense strand and it contains a sequence identical to the + strand of DNA (with the exception of uracil substitution).

answer

False

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