Micro-Unit 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersMicrobiology |
The study of small life |
Why is a knowledge of microbiology important? |
|
Bacteriology |
study of bacteria |
Mycology |
study of fungi |
Parasitology |
study of protozoa and parasitic worms |
Immunology |
study of host defenses |
Virology |
study of viruses |
Recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering |
involves microbial genetics and molecular biology |
Leeuwenhoek |
first described live microorganisms |
Pasteur |
|
Lister |
|
Koch |
proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps, Koch's postulates, to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease |
Jenner |
inoculated a person with cowpox virus, who was then protected from smallpox |
Describe; activities of microbes that benefit human welfare. |
|
Define Binomial Nomenclature and discuss it's purpose |
(genus + specific epthet) can be used world wide |
Domain Bacteria |
|
Domain Archaea |
|
Domain Eukarya |
|
Kingdom Animalia |
multicellular, no cell walls, chemoheterotrophic |
Kindom Plantae |
Multicellular, cellulose cell walls, usually photoautotrophic |
Kingdom Fungi |
Chemoheterotrophic, unicelular or multicellular, cell walls of chitin |
Kingdom Protista |
A catch all for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms- protozooans |
What is meant by bacterial strains and types? |
Variations within a species are called:
Types- usually a serological designation Strains- usually a biochemical or morphological |
Cite the characteristics of viruses |
|
Atrichous |
lacking flagella |
Peritrichous |
flagella distributed all over the cell |
Polar |
at one or both poles or ends of a cell
|
Monotrichous |
a single flagellum at one pole |
Lophotrichous |
A tuft of flagella coming from one pole |
Amphitricous |
flagella at both poles of the cell |
What size diameter do most bacteria come in |
.2-2.0 micrometers |
What are the basic shapes of a bacterial cell? |
coccus bacillus spiral |
Name the Cocci & describe |
diplococci (pair) streptococci (chainlike) tetrads (4) sarcinae (cubelike groups of 8) staphylococci (grapelike clusters)
|
Name and describe the Bacilli |
Diploblaccilli (2) Streptobacilli (chains) coccobacilli (look like cocci & are rare) |
Name & describe Spiral bacteria |
Vibrios (curved rods) Spirilla (helical shape & rigid) spirochetes (helical & flexible, have an axial filament for movement) |
Glycocalyx |
sugar coating surrounding cells viscous & sticky
|
Capsule |
|
Slime Layer |
when glycocalyx is unorganized and only loosely attached to the cell wall |
Plasma Membrane |
|
Axial Filaments |
Only found in spirochetes anchored at one end of a cell rotation causes movement (think corkscrew or barber pole) |
Fimbriae |
|
Pili (Pilus- sing.) |
|
Peptidoglycan |
|
Gram Positive Cell wall |
thick, rigid layer of peptidoglycan contain teichoic acid (look like a long, black hair) "built like a wall" |
Gram Negative Cell Wall |
|
Atypical Cell Walls |
|
Name the Appendages of a cell |
Flagella Axial Filaments Fimbriae Pili |
Antigenic |
Induces an immune response in a host (our body will view it as foreign and threatening) |
Name the Surface Layers of a Bacterial Cell |
Capsule (in some) Cell Wall (in most) Plasma Membrane (in all) |
Name the Cytoplasmic Structures |
Nucleoid Plasmid Ribosomes Inclusion Endospores |
Nucleoid |
|
Plasmid |
|
Ribosomes |
|
Inclusions |
|
Endospores |
|