Micro – exam 3 – Flashcards

Normal flora of respiratory tract and oral cavity of many species

subsp. multocida - most common, often most virulent

subsp. septica

subsp. gallicida

Subspecies are NOT specific to animal species

Heavily encapsulated

Small Gram negative coccobacilli

Stain with GIEMSA stain - - bipolar

MUCOID colonies

MUSTY ODOR present

Colonies often require serum to grow

Indole +, Oxidase +

There are:

5 Polysaccharide CAPSULAR antigens

            A: Very MUCOID, associated with RESPIRATORY  DISEASE

            B & E: less mucoid

            D: Small colonies, NON MUCOID

12 Polysaccharide SOMATIC antigens

Cattle: Shipping fever pneumonia component(A:3), lung abscesses

Swine: pneumonia

Sheep: mastitis and pneumonia

Rabbits: Snuffles

Avian: Fowl cholera

Occurs in poultry and wildfowl

caused by Pasteurella multocida type A and F

ACUTE SEPTICEMIA which can result in death

recovered can have joint infections and arthritis.

Common cause of DIE OFF in MIGRATORY WATERFOWL

and #1 economic loss in POULTRY industry

Upper respiratory disease of RABBITS

caused by Pasteurella multocida type A and D

Respiratory tract --> pneumonia --> septicemia --> death

Often present with chronic nasal discharge, and abscesses occur elsewhere in the body.

Upper respiratory --> pneumonia in CATTLE

caused by a MULTIFACTORAL infection

Pasteurella multocida type A (A:3)

Mannheimia haemolytica A1

Often presents in stressed animals and can have lung abscesses

Swine: toxogenic strain causes ATROPHIC RHINITIS in conjunction with Bordetella bronchiseptica, where the cytotoxin produced supresses piglet growth and atrophy turbinates.

DOG: respiratory diseases associated with distemper virus infections "dog type"

Rabbits: less common cause of Snuffles.

Cattle: Hemorrhagic septicemia in tropical areas, major disease of cattle and water buffalo 

acute respiratory diseases of elk, bison, buffalo, deer and reindeer.

Type E is only found in AFRICA

Type B has been found in Canada

Oil - adjuvant generates good immune response against these types.

Occurs in SWINE

Caused by co-infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica  and Pasteurella multocida type D.

B. bronchiseptica cytotoxin: predisposes for establishment of Pasteurella multocida.

P. multocida cytotoxin: supresses piglet growth & causes turbinate atrophy by activating G protein to permenant stimulation leading to osteoclast/blast imbalance

Occurs primarily in cattle and water buffalo in TROPICAL areas.

Caused by Pasteurella multocida type B & E

Type E is only in Africa

Oil-adjuvant vaccine can be used to prevent with good immune response.

Common in LAB ANIMALS, small rodents

Appears similar to Pasteurella multocida

Causes abscessing pneumonia, conjunctivitis, subcutaneous abscesses, mastitis.

This must make it really hard to milk mice...

Found naturally occurring in SWINE ORAL CAVITIES and intestinal tracts. 

Primarily a concern in BITE WOUNDS of pig farmers,

but appearently only if you're Danish.

Pasteurella multocida type D is present in 90% of cat's oral cavities and can be life threatening in dog bites

RTX class toxin = pore forming cytotoxin (leukotoxin)

Specific for ruminant Leukocytes

Causes: Inhibition of leukocyte function at low doses, LYSIS of leukocytes at HIGH doses. 

Important in the virulence of respiratory diseases of ruminants. Can progress when neutrophils (PMNs) lysed and release enzymes in alveolar space --> tissue destruction

Upper respiratory tract of Cattle and sheep

ESPECIALLY THE TONSILS

Gangrenous mastitis of sheep

Caused by Mannheimia haemolytica

CATTLE: Component of Shipping fever --> major respiratory disease especially of feedlot cattle

SHEEP: septicemia in newborns, pneumonia in adults

"blue bag" mastitis.

LEUKOTOXIN

Lipopolysaccharide

Capsular polysaccharide

Fibriae

Glycoprotease

Nuraminidase

Outer membrane proteins

GOATS: most common respiratory organism

Sheep: SEPTICEMIA in feeder lambs, especially with crowding and stress

Cattle: severe respiratory disease in dairy cows

RTX class pore forming cytotoxin = leukotoxin

Destroys leukocytes and platelets but NOT RBCs

Identical to the leukotoxin of Mannheimia haemolytica

TREHALOSE negative

lactose +, indole negative

SLOW GROWING

Small coccobacillus (looks like P. multocida, but dont smell)

Narrow but complete hemolysis

TREHALOSE +

lactose +, indole negative

Small coccobacillus

Slow growing, small colonies

narrow, complete hemolysis

Cattle: WOODEN TONGUE, granulomatous infections of head and neck

Sheep:granulomatous infections of head and neck (Scotland)

Caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii invading buccal epithelium of cattle.  This causes granulomatous abscesses in the soft tissue of the lower jaw and neck and tongue which results in loss of function. 

A. Lignieresii produces a glycocalyx that cements organisms together and form granules that are present in the cheeselike abscesses associated with the infection.

Found naturally occuring in the buccal mucosa of cattle and sheep

Localized injections of aqueous iodine (Lugols solution)

or Sodium iodine IV + organic iodine in feed

Antibiotics: Sulfas, Sm, Te

Grows readily, large, mucoid colonies

non hemolytic

small, gram negative coccobacillus

Normally occurring in the oral cavity and intestinal tract of HORSES

Foals: Shigellosis (severe enteritis), sleepy foal disease (septicemia), dummy foal (meningitis)

Severe purulent nephritis

Lameness of joints

Adult Horses: associated with contamination by larval migration of Strongylus vulgaris causing subsequent verminous aneurysms and peritonitis.

GLYCOCALYX - cements organisms together forming granules that can be cultured from the chessy center of an abscess

Produce a Aqx (RTX leukotoxin) increases the virulence of the organism and pathogenically produces septicemia

Requires NAD (staph nurse - v factor) to grow

Small, Gram negative coccobacilli

SWINE: contagious pleuropneumonia (acute respiratory disease) especially in HIGH HEALTH STATUS swine.

Piglets: mild disease from clostridium of infected herd

Adult swine: Acute exudative and proliferative bronchopneumonia with fibrinous pleuritis

Recovered swine are immune!

3 RTX toxins (Apx1, Apx2, Apx3) = cytotoxins 

similar to hemolysin of E. coli and cytotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica

Endotoxin

Normally occurring in the upper respiratory tract of swine

Adults can shed organism in environment

12 NAD dependent, 2 NAD independent capsular polysaccharides serotypes

SWINE:

Piglets = fatal acute septicemia in 1-8 wk old pigs

Adults = arthritis, pneumonia, and subcutaneous abscesses

Caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Tends to effect OLDER HIGH HEALTH STATUS swine, causing acute exudative and proliferative bronchopneumonia with fibrinous pleuritis

Signs include: anorexia, emesis, fever and oral hemorrhaging

Normally occurring in the tonsils, nasal passage, and vagina of swine (esp high health status)

2 RTX toxins (Apx1, Apx2)

beta hemolytic

Does NOT require NAD (staph nurse)
Grows on MacConkeys agar

Larger colonies than other Actinobacillus

cause of salpingitis and peritonitis in laying hens

similar disease seen in Gallibacterium anatis but was not discussed in class as a significant bacteria.

SHEEP: Venereal disease localizing in epididymus and testes,abortion

widespread in South Africa

What is FOWL CORYZA, and what causes it?

What is Contagious Equine Metritis?

What is Guillian - Barre syndrome?

What is Tyzzers Disease?