Micro Chapter 20 – Flashcards
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True or false....defenses of the GI tract against pathogens includes mucus, acid, saliva, secretory IgA, lysozyme, peristalsis, and GALT.
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True
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The mucinous glycoprotein covering teeth that streptococci attach to is called the _____________.
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Pellicle
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Which organ of the GI tract has a large commensal population of microorganisms?
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Large intestine
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___________ _________ are the most common infectious disease in humans.
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Dental caries
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___________ _________ is the most common microorganism responsible for dental caries.
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Streptococcus mutans
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True or false...oral flora bacteria use fimbriae and slime layers to adhere on the tooth surface.
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true
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___________ is the causative organism for mumps.
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Paramyxovirus
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Orchitis and epididymitis are seen in young adult males as a complication of __________.
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Mumps
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______ ________ causes gastritis, duodenal ulcers, stomach ulcers, and an increased risk for stomach cancer.
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Helicobacter pylori
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True or false...Helicobacter pylori produces enterotoxin that causes diarrhea.
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False
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Which of the following is mismatched?
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H antigen - flagellar K antigen - capsule O antigen - cell wall All of the choices are correct None of the choices are correct
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The virulence factor for _________ is spike-induced syncytium.
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mumps
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True or false...Salmonella are motile.
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true
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Salmonelloses are __________
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Not caused by Salmonella typhi Associated with undercooked poultry and eggs, and reptile and rodent feces Types of gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea Treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement All of the choices are correct None of the choices are correct
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True or false...Shigellosis frequently involves septicemia.
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False
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True or false...Shigella species produce urease and hydrogen sulfide.
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False
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True or false...E. coli O157:H7 only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.
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False
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True or false...the main virulence factor of E. coli O157:H7 is a bacteriophage-encoded exotoxin.
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True
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Eschericia coli infections __________
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Are often transmitted by fecal-contaminated water and food Have been due to undercooked meat Involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea Can be self-limiting with the only treatment being rehydration All of the choices are correct None of the choices are correct
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True or false...Campylobacter jejuni infects the stomach.
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False
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The most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the United States is ____________.
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Campylobacter
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True or false...Campylobacter infection is caused by a shiga toxin.
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False
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True or false...Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis both cause intense pain caused by inflammation of the ileum.
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true
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True or false...Production of enterotoxin is characteristic of Clostridium difficile.
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True
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True or false...Clostridium difficile infection is due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies.
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False...precipitated by broad-spectrum antibiotics; major cause of diarrhea in hospitals (endogenous source)
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True or false...Clostridium difficile produces "rice-water" stools.
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False... "rice-water" stools are associated with Vibrio cholerae
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Symptoms of copious watery diarrhea, loss of blood volume, acidosis, sunken eyes, thirst, hypotension, tachycardia, and shock are all associated with _______________.
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Cholera
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The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is _________ and _________ ___________.
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Water and electrolyte replacement
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Outbreaks of ____________ disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated drinking water.
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Cryptosporidiosis
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The primary viral cause of morbidity and mortality resulting from diarrhea, globally is ___________.
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Rotavirus (50% of all cases)
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True or false...The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its enterotoxin, cholera toxin (CT).
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true
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Rice-water stools" are associated with disease caused by _______ __________.
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Vibrio cholerae
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True or false...symptoms of cryptosporidiosis includes headache, sweats, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
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true
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Which of the following is not a normal causative agent of acute diarrhea with vomiting (food poisoning)?
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Clostridium perfringes Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin Clostridium difficile Bacillus cereus All of the choices are correct
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A common food intoxication is caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of __________ _________.
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Outbreaks of which apicomplexan disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated imported raspberries and also fresh greens and drinking water?
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Cyclosporiasis
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True or false...Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by ingestion of cysts of the pathogen, contaminated food, and contaminated water.
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true
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All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water except...
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Cryptosporidiosis Cyclosporiasis Malaria Campylobacter Giardiasis
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True or false...Staphylococcus aureus food intoxication occurs because ingestion of the pathogen allows it to multiply and damage the GI tract lining.
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False...is typically due to the enterotoxin of the pathogen and not ingestion of the pathogen itself
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Symptoms of ___________ involves abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea.
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Giardiasis
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Inflammation of the liver with necrosis of the hepatocytes and swelling due to a mononuclear response is a disease called ___________.
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Hepatitis
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__________ _____ virus is principally transmitted by blood, has many chronic carriers, can be transmitted to the newborn from chronic carrier mothers, and can be transmitted via shared needles, anal intercourse, and heterosexual intercourse.
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Hepatitis B
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True or false... Hepatitis B infection can increase the risk for hepatocellular cancer.
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true
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True or false... Hepatitis A infection predisposes a person for liver cancer
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False
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The most common cause of liver cancer in the United States is _________.
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HBV
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Which is mismatched?
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Hepatitis A virus - nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA enterovirus Hepatitis B virus - enveloped DNA virus Hepatitis C virus - RNA virus Hepatitis D virus - defective RNA virus that co-infects with HAV Hepatitis E virus - self-limiting RNA virus
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Parasitic helminthes have the following characteristics expect...
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Are multicellular animals Have a definitive host where the adult form lives Do not exhibit drug resistance Include roundworms Include tapeworms
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Ascaris lumbricoides...
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Spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food Is an intestinal roundworm Larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines Larvae migrate to the pharynx, get swallowed, and return to intestines to mature All of the choices are correct
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_________ ___________ is an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites.
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Enterobius vermicularis
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All of the following pertain to tapeworms except...
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Scolex is the head Strobila is made up of proglottids Proglottids are reproductive segments Cysticerci are young infective larvae ingested in undercooked meat Eosinophilia does not occur
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True or false...general symptoms of helminthic infection includes intense abdominal pain.
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False
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Trichinosis includes all of the following except...
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Encysted larvae get ingested Is associated with undercooked pork or bear meat Migrate from intestines to blood and various body tissues Coiled larvae encyst in skeletal muscle All of the choices are correct
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True or false...liver flukes live in the liver, gallbladder, and bile duct.
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true
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True or false...Strongyloides stercoralis, also known as threadworm, has a pathogenesis of life and transmission cycle B.
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True
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True or false... In the absence of dietary carbohydrates, bacteria do not cause tooth decay.
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true
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True or false... Mumps causes permanent sterility in young male adults.
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False...causes orchitis and epididymitis but typically no permanent damage occurs
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True or false... E. coli O157:H7 secretes shiga exotoxin.
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True
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True or false... Antibiotics are used to treat E. coli O157:H7 caused diarrhea.
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False
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True or false... The best treatment for acute diarrhea is oral replacement of electrolytes and water.
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True
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True or false... Only feces from humans that contaminate food and water can be involved in transmission of amoebiasis.
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False...frequent parasites of animals
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True or false... Boiling will kill Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water.
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True
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True or false... Carriers of hepatitis B virus are common.
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True
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True or false... There are vaccines for immunity to the hepatitis B virus.
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True
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True or false... The only body fluid that can transmit hepatitis B virus is blood.
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False...semen, vaginal secretions, vertical transmission
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True or false... Most antihelminth medications act only against the worms, not the human host.
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false
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True or false... There are no infectious agents that can invade intact skin.
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False
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True or false... Research does not indicate a link between the numbers and types of bacteria causing periodontitis and thicker carotid arteries in an individual.
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False
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True or false... Despite acidic conditions, some microorganisms have been found residing within the human stomach.
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True
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What organism is the leading cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in the United States?
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E.coli
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Which toxin is specifically responsible for the systemic disease of HUS?
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Shiga toxin
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Why aren't antibiotics prescribed in HUS?
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Antibiotics are of no help and may increase the pathology
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Why does a patient with HUS present with bloody diarrhea?
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E. coli exotoxins damage the gut lining which produces bleeding
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True or false...Shigella, Clostridium difficile, and Giardia lamblia are all potential causes of diarrhea.
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True
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True or false... Giardia is found in the GI tracts of many animals, and their stool often ends up in lakes and streams.
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True
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What is the best way to prevent infection with Giardia?
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Avoid drinking from freshwater sources
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True or false...hepatitis B can be transmitted via needle sticks, sexual contact, and sharing a toothbrush.
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True
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True or false...Radioimmunoassay, ELISA, and antibody test are all used to detect hepatitis B.
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True
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True or false...Hepatitis B can survive for several hours in dried blood.
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True
