MIC 443: Test 3 – Flashcards
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| Phyla of Bacteria |
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| Aquifiae, Thermotogae, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chlamydiae, Spirochaetes, Bacterioidetes, Proteobacteria |
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| Phylum Aquifiae |
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| Genus: Aquifex Chemolithoautotrophs: oxidize hydrogen, thiosulfate, sulfur |
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| Phylum Thermotogae |
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| Genus: Thermotoga Chemoheterotroph w/ glycolytic pathway outer sheath structure (toga) some can tolerate 5 mil rads, genome destroyed then rebuilt |
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| Phylum Deinococcus-Thermus |
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| Genus: Deinococcus Spirical or rod-shaped, non-motile, tetrapods Gram+ but have an outer membrane Found in fresh water air, ground meat, feces Lots of Mn(II) |
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| Phylum Chlorobi |
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| Green Sulfur bacteria obligate anaerobes photolithoautotrophs: oxidize hydrogen sulfate, sulfur and hydrogen chlorosomes to harvest light energy |
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| Phylum Chloroflexi |
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| Genus: Chloroflexus Not all members are photosynthetic, some use sulfur and some don't offers clues into origin of photosynthesis deeply branching member of the domain |
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| Phylum Cyanobacteria |
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| Largest and most diverse Gram- various size and morphology gas vacuoles, phototaxis eukaryote-like photosynthetic machinery: PS I |
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| Phylum Cyanobacteria cont. |
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| Genus: Anabena filamentous species form heterocysts this is where N2 fixation occurs PSI makes ATP, but PSII is degraded b/c it produces oxygen that deactivates the nitrogenase enzyme |
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| Where are cyanobacteria found? |
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| Deep in desert rocks, nutrient-laden ponds and lakes, algal blooms symbiosis: lichens, protozoa, fungi, plants |
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| Phylum Planctomycetes |
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Prokaryotes with compartments?? Compartmentalized cells no peptidoglycan Gemmata obscuriglobus- nucleoid in nuclear body Brocadia anamoxidan- anammoxosome for anaerobic ammonia Planctomycetes- has stalk and holdfast |
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| Phylum Chlamydiae |
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| obligate intracellular parasites: grows within animal cells-therefore limited metabolism - some appear unable to make ATP Six genera: Chlamydia best studied Nonmotile, coccoid, 0.2-1.5 um unique reproduction: elementary and reticulate bodies |
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| Genera that cause disease |
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| Chlamydial pneumoniae- bronchitis, sinusitis, 50% of humans have antibodies, athersclerosis found in artery plaque C. trachomatis- serotypes L1-L3, STD, Lymphogranuloma venereum, produces ulcers and then enlarged lymph nodes, if left untreated irreversible fluid accumulation in genitalia C. trachomatis- serotypes A-C, greatest single cause of blindness, 20 million blinded/year, over expressed in Native American population, inflamed conjunctiva, reinfection and secondary infections can cause scar tissue leading to blindness |
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| Phylum Spirochates |
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| Gram-, .1-3 by 5-250 um outer sheath has few proteins making it hard for immune system to attack found in mud human mouth on protozoa in termite hindguts |
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| Phylum Spirochaetes: Genus Treponema pallidum |
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| Genus: treponema pallidum causes syphilis not highly contagious passes from mom to kid in utero penicillin used in early stages symptoms: first chancre, then skin rash, hair loss, malaise fever later untreated stages: cognitive defects, blindness, insanity |
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| Phylum Spirochaetes: Borrelia Burdorferi |
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| lyme disease deer tick vector expanding ring shaped lesions, flu-like symptoms at first then neurological problems, heart inflammation, arthritis, alzheimer's and MS-like symtoms |
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| Phylum Bacteroidetes |
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| Anaerobic, gram-, variable morphology, gliding motility no flagella and no movement in liquid, slime trails, low nutrient stimulated found in oral cavity intestinal tract, rumen Genus: Bacteroides 30% of bacteria in human feces |
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| Phylum Proteobacteria |
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| diverse group gram-, photoautotrophs, chemolithotrophs, chemoheterotrophs 5 classes: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon |
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| Phylum Proteobacteria: Class ? |
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oligotrophs, important in agriculture some can fix N2 and some cause plant disease members: purple non-sulfur bacteria, anoxygenic photosynthesis, cysts form when nutrients become limiting but not as resistant as endospores |
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Phylum Protobacteria: Class ? Members |
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Rickettsia Caulobacter Hypomicrobium Rhizobium Agrobacterium Nitrobacter |
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Phylum Protobacteria: Class ? Members |
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Spirillum Bordetella Neiseria Burkholderia Thiobacillus |
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Phylum Protobacteria: Class ? Members |
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Orders: Chomatiales Pseudomonales Vibronales Enterobacteriales |
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Phylum Protobacteria: Class Delta Members
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Bdellovibrio Order: Myxococcales Myxococcus- eat other bacteria, move by gliding, forms multicellular fruiting bodies Desulfovibrio- turns sediments black, anaerobic sediments, reduce S or SO4 to produce H2S then H2S reacts with Fe to form black FeS |
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Phylum Protobacteria: Class ? Members |
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Order: Camyplobacter Campylobacter- food borne diarrhea, spontaneous abortion in animals Helicobacter- Ulcers, H. Pylori Nautilaceae- Filamentous
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| Rickettsia |
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| Class alpha of proteobacteria Gram-, obligate intracellular parasites, insect vector, induces phagocytosis in cell Rocky Mountain fever(R. rickettsii) Epidemic (louse borne) typhus (R. prowazekii) Endemic (Murine) typhus (R. typhi) |
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| Caulobacter |
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| class alpha of proteobacteria low nutrient environment such as lakes, no binary fission but instead budding like yeast, prosthecae |
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| Hypomicrobium |
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| Class alpha of proteobacteria methyltroph, grows in media w/o added carbon, divides by budding produces hypha then the nucleoid moves into the hypha and it buds off |
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| Rhizobium |
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| class alpha of proteobacteria nodules in roots for N2 fixation |
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| Agrobacterium |
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| class alpha of proteobacteria plant pathogen cause crown gall in woody plants by injecting its plasmid into plants |
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| Nitrobacter |
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| member of class alpha of proteobacteria often chemolithoautotrophic, NH4 into NO2 |
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| Spirillum |
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| Class beta of proteobacteria spiral, polar flagella, no axial filament |
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| Bordetella |
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| Class beta of proteobacteria bacillus causes pertussis/whooping cough Bordetella pertusis |
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| Neisseria |
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| Class beta of proteobacteria diplococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae, nesseria meningitides |
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| Burkholderia |
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| Class beta of proteobacteria polar flagellum, wide variety of carbon sources (jet fuel), grows in disinfectants, leads to cystic fibrosis |
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| Thiobacillus |
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| Class beta of proteobacteria chemoautotroph, oxidizes sulfur, grows in pH 0.5 - acid mine drainage |
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| Order Chomatiales |
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| Class gamma of proteobacteria purple sulfur bacteria, photoautolithotrophs: oxidizes H2S, grows in no oxygen sulfide rich sediments |
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| Order Pseudomonales |
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| Class Gamma of proteobacteria pseudomonas- bacillus, common in soil- aeruginosa produces pigments, fluorescens produces fluoresces, can feed on jet fuel and disinfectants, convert NO3 to N2 |
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| Azotobacter |
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| Class Gamma of proteobacteria, order pseudomonales Nitrogen fixers dont live in nodules free living |
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| order vibronales |
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| Class Gamma of proteobacteria Vibrio- aquatic, curved rods- V. cholera: characterized by 10-15 L of fluid loss, rice water stool, no treatment 50% mortality V. parahaemolyticus: gastroenteritis, raw shellfish |
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| Order Entero bacteriales |
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| Class Gamma of proteobacteria 1 Family: enterobacteracae- facultative anaerobes, straight rods, important in clinical setting (used to determine water cont. using API 20E in our gut) Genus: escherichia: indicates fecal contamination, rarely fatal except for 0157:H7 Genus: Salmonella: all potentially pathogenic, cattle/chicken intestinal tract, all single species, typhoid fever |
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| Order: enterobacteriales (several other disease causing genera) |
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| Shigella: only in humans Klebsiella- pneumonia serratia- cathether colonization haemophilus- does not cause flu, rather meningitis, ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia yersinia pestis- black death black plague |
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| Bdellovibrio |
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| class delta of proteobacteria predator, swims 10x faster/rams, e. coli predator not parasite! |
