question

common sense

answer

the decision-makers friend when the decision: -has to be made rapidly -with minimum of research or formal henry -with no more than moderate risk or consequences -by individuals who have accumulated experience & wisdom

question

management is about...

answer

-ethical behavior -change management -diversity -learning -organizational strategy -communication -decision making -entrepreneurship -leadership -motivation -employee attitudes -team groups -human resources -discipline -job performance -information technology -innovation -globalization

question

ethics

answer

*has 2 components -our internal compass: dictates how we view or judge the ethics of our own actions -our external compass: based on the perception & judgement of us by o there *has to do with what we \"ought\" to do (not with what we actually do or how we behave) *bases for the \"ought\" -common-sense morality -social, religious, cultural norms -corporate, country or general values

question

Utilitarian Rule

answer

a decision that produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people

question

Moral Rights Rule

answer

a decision that maintains and protects the fundamental rights or privileges of people affected by it

question

Justice Rule

answer

a decision that distributes benefits and harms among people in a fair way

question

Practical Rule

answer

a decision that a manager has no difficulty communicating to people outside the company because a typical person would see it as acceptable

question

various stakeholders affected by ethical decision making

answer

-stockholders -managers -customers -community/society -suppliers & distributors -employees

question

diversity

answer

*demographic characteristics (surface diversity) *KSAO diversity (deep-level diversity) -values preferences, experiences, knowledge, lifestyles, expectations

question

Challenges of diversity

answer

-so many ways to be diverse -how do you know which diverse trait to pinpoint -sensitive topic -end game of diversity interventions is to address the needs of broad swaths of employees;not just certain groups

question

Value of Diversity (for organization as a whole)

answer

it's a signal: -best place to work for -positive effects on internal climate and performance -market expansion: \"business case for diversity\" -perceived organizational support : *we support uniqueness,not looking to you to conform *we care about you as a person, not just as a homogenous employee

question

Value of Diversity (for the individual)

answer

results are more mixed: -depends on how you use diversity initiatives: *people who know they were hired or promoted because of a demographic diversity trait (i.e lower in performance, stereotype threat comes into play) *people who know they were hired or promoted because of a KSAP diversity trait

question

programmed decisions

answer

decisions that have been made so many times in the past that managers have developed rules or guidelines to be applied when certain situations inevitably occur

question

non-programmed decisions

answer

decisions made in response to novel or unusual situations in business;there are no ready-made decision rules to easily apply in these situations

question

advantages of group decision-makings

answer

-greater pool of knowledge -different perspectives -greater comprehension -increased acceptance

question

disadvantages of group decision-makings

answer

-social pressure -dominating by a vocal few -goal displacement -groupthink

question

Effective Decision Making

answer

-developing a clear understanding of the decision situation -developing a clear understanding of the requirements for an effective choice -thoroughly and accurately assessing the negative qualities of alternative solutions -throughly and accurately assessing the positive qualities of alternative solutions

question

Administrative Model

answer

-bound rationality -incomplete information -satisficing

question

Classical Decision Making

answer

1.) List all the alternative courses of actions possible and the consequences of the different alternatives->Assume all information about alternatives is available to managers 2.) Rank each alternative from least preferred to most preferred according to personal preference->assume managers possess the mental facility to process this information 3.) Select the alternative that leads to desired future consequences->assume that managers know what future course of action is best for the organization

question

programmed vs. non-programmed situations

answer

-using intuition versus reasoned judgement (evidence based management) -dealing with risk and uncertainty

question

Task Environment

answer

-suppliers -customers -distributors -competitors

question

General Environment

answer

-technological -legal-political -economic -socio-cultural -demographic

question

Key steps in strategic management process

answer

1. Determining organization's mission and goals 2. formulate strategies or courses of actions 3. implement the strategy

question

1. Determining organization's mission and goals

answer

-define the business -evaluate the firm's internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis) -formulate business direction including vision and mission statements (vision: outlines what organization wants to be, long-term view) (mission: fundamental purpose, why the organization exists, what it does to achieve the vision) -translate the mission into strategic goals

question

2. Formulate strategies or courses of action

answer

Corporate Level: -concentration -vertical integration -diversification -WITH international expansion Business Unit: -low-cost -focused low-cost -differentiation -focused differentiation

question

3. Implement the strategy

answer

-allocate responsibility for implementation -draft detailed action plans that specify how strategy should be implemented -establish a timetable for implementation with precise, measurable goals -allocate appropriate sources -hold specific individuals responsible for attainment of goals

question

Steps in the control process

answer

-establish the standards of performance, goals, or targets against which performance is to be evaluated -measure actual performance -compare actual performance against chosen standards of performance -evaluate the result and initiate corrective if the standard is not being achieved

question

Which of the following statement is true of ethics and law? -Both ethics and law are fixed principles. -Ethics are always fixed, but law is always flexible. -Ethics are always flexible, but law is always fixed. -Neither ethics nor laws are fixed principles. -Both ethics and law can be fixed or flexible according to the situation.

answer

Neither ethics nor laws are fixed principles

question

Customers are often regarded as the most important stakeholder group. -True -False

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding societal ethics? -They emanate from the influence of family, peers, and upbringing. -They emerge from a community's customs, laws, and attitudes. -The norms and values are internalized by all members of a particular society. -They are constant across societies and cultures. -They encourage self-interested behavior by individuals and organizations.

answer

They emerge from a community's customs, laws, and attitudes.

question

The utilitarian rule states that an ethical decision: -best protects the rights of people affected. -produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. -distributes benefits and harms in a fair way. -is one that can be communicated with no reluctance. -is relevant to financial effectiveness of the organization.

answer

produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

question

Employees who are similar in their level of skill, performance, or responsibility should receive similar pay; allocation of outcomes should not be based on differences such as gender, race, or religion. This is an example of which rule of ethical decision making? -Justice Rule -Moral Rights rule -utilitarian rule -practical rule -existential rule

answer

Justice Rule

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE about why managers should behave ethically? -Relentless pursuit of self-interest can lead to a collective disaster when one or more people start to profit from being unethical because this encourages other people to act in the same way. -Without ethical behavior, trust cannot exist; without trust, efficiency and effectiveness of inter-business relationships will be reduced. -If a manager misuses resources and other parties regard that behavior as being unacceptable, the manager's reputation will suffer. -Managers serve as role models for employees. As employees see the positive results of managers acting ethically, employees themselves are more likely to behave ethically in the future. -All the above

answer

Relentless pursuit of self-interest can lead to a collective disaster when one or more people start to profit from being unethical because this encourages other people to act in the same way.

question

Which of the following Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws prohibits discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, religion, sex, color, or national origin and covers a wide range of employment decisions, including hiring, firing, pay, promotion, and working conditions? -Age Discrimination in Employment Act -Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act -Equal Pay Act -Americans with Disabilities Act -Family and Medical Leave Act

answer

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

question

The term \"glass ceiling\" refers to: -the lack of leadership potential in men below a certain age. -the exclusion of openly gay men and women from jobs in religious organizations. -the phenomenon of high rates of women advancing to executive positions. -barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top positions. -a situation in which someone has been promoted into a risky job with a high chance of failure.

answer

barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top positions.

question

A manager telling a lewd joke to another manager would be an example of hostile work environment sexual harassment. -true -false

answer

true

question

Betty works in a software firm as a programming officer. During her appraisal, Ben, the floor manager, asks sexual favors from Betty in return for her promotion and pay raise. Which form of sexual harassment has occurred? -Hostile work environment -Accommmodative approach -Glass ceiling approach -Whistleblower approach -Quid pro quo

answer

Quid pro quo

question

The task environment is the set of forces and conditions that originate with global suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors. -true -false

answer

true

question

Barriers to entry are factors that make it difficult and costly for a company to enter a particular task environment. -true -false

answer

true

question

The _____ environment includes the wide-ranging global, economic, technological, sociocultural, and political forces that affect the organization and its task environment. -competitors' -micro -general -near -task

answer

general

question

In the United States individualism is highly valued, and in Korea and Japan individuals are expected to conform to group expectations. In the context of the general environment, this is an example of a(n) _____ force. -demographic -power distance -sociocultural -individual -political

answer

sociocultural

question

If a society values the group more than the individual, and believes that people should be judged by the quality of their contribution to the group instead of their individual achievement, then the society is said to value: -individualism -power distance -uncertainty avoidance -collectivism -objectivism

answer

collectivism

question

Which of the following is most likely to be a programmed decision for an organization? -hiring a new employee when on leaves -investing in new technology -developing a new kind of product to reach a different market -launching a new promotional campaign -entering a new market

answer

hiring a new employee when on leaves

question

Managers should consciously follow six steps to make a good decision. The first step is to: -learn from feedback -generate alternatives -recognize the need for a decision -assesses alternatives -implement the alternatives

answer

recognize the need for a decision

question

Which of the following statements is true for a manager intending to create a learning organization? -Only the top managers are allowed to develop a sense of personal mastery. -Employees are discouraged from experimenting and risk taking. -Individual learning is more important than team learning. -Managers must emphasize the use of a common mental model to frame problems. -Managers must discourage systems thinking.

answer

Managers must emphasize the use of a common mental model to frame problems.

question

Which of the following people would be considered to be a social entrepreneur? -Gina leaves her job to begin a specialty knitting business from her home. -Jacob, an engineer at technology firm GreenTech, is working on improving wind-power devices. -Mark sets up an organization that provides laptops free of cost to economically disadvantaged students. -Isaac sells his artwork and paintings through his blog rather than through traditional avenues. -Chloe runs a gardening and lawn care business whose main customers are elderly homeowners.

answer

Mark sets up an organization that provides laptops free of cost to economically disadvantaged students.

question

Cognitive limitations that constrain one's ability to interpret, process, and act on information is called bounded rationality. -true -false

answer

true

question

A mission statement is a broad declaration of an organization's overriding purpose and what it is seeking to achieve from its activities. -true -false

answer

true

question

_____ is a plan that indicates in which industries and national markets an organization intends to compete. -corporate-level strategy -business-level strategy -functional-level strategy -structural-level strategy -executive-level strategy

answer

corporate-level strategy

question

Which of the following factorsis most likely to be considered an opportunity in a SWOT analysis? -The company recently acquired one of their suppliers, resulting in reduced costs. -A new competitor entered the market with lower-priced products. -Several top managers recently left the company, and replacements could not be hired internally. -The government reduced tariffs on the materials used to manufacture the company's products.

answer

The government reduced tariffs on the materials used to manufacture the company's products.

question

With a _____, managers focus on distinguishing the organization's products from those of competitors on one or more important dimensions, such as product design, quality, or after-sales service and support. -low-cost strategy -focused low-cost strategy -horizontal integration strategy -differentiation strategy -vertical integration strategy

answer

differentiation strategy

question

In the planning process, planning across the three different levels, functional, divisional, and corporate, should be consistent. -true -false

answer

true

question

Which of the following is the process by which managers monitor and regulate how efficiently and effectively an organization and its members are performing the activities necessary to achieve organizational goals? -planning -organizing -leading -controlling -coordinating

answer

controlling

question

The managers of Foodex, a fast food restaurant, record outputs on a daily basis by counting how many customers their employees serve, the time each transaction takes, and how much money each customer spends every day. With reference to the control process, the managers of Foodex are: -establishing standards of performance -measuring actual level of performance of employees -comparing actual performance against chosen standards of performance -evaluation result of the set of standards -initiating corrective actions

answer

measuring the actual level of performance of employees

question

Which of the following is a mechanism of control for organizational culture? -socialization -direct supervision -management by objectives -organizational goals -operating budgets

answer

socialization

question

The manager of Inkman, a convenience store, keeps track of the average sale amount for each customer as a way of deciding on the product mix to be carried in the store. This is an example of: -bureaucratic control -feedforward control -input control -MBO control -output control

answer

output control

question

Bureaucratic control is control by means of a comprehensive system of rules and standard operating procedures that shapes and regulates the behavior of divisions, functions, and individuals. -true -false

answer

true

question

Output Control

answer

-financial measures of performance -organizational goals -operating budgets

question

behavior control

answer

-direct supervision -management by objectives -rules and standard operating procedures

question

When a manager lays out lines of authority and responsibility among different individuals and groups, the manager is: -planning -organizing -leading -controlling

answer

organizing -organizing is structuring working relationships so organizational members interact and cooperate to achieve organizational goals

MGT 300 Midterm

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards