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apartheid laws

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The Sullivan principles attempted to fight against _____.

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were not sufficient to ethically justify the existence of Western businesses in South Africa.

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Ten years after he proposed what came to be known as Sullivan's principles, Leon Sullivan concluded that his principles

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Orion Inc. sends its products for recycling to a developing nation because the pollution control laws in its home country are much more strict than that in the developing nation.

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Which of the following is most likely to be considered as unethical?

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The term global commons refers to:

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natural resources from which everyone benefits but for which no one is specifically responsible.

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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

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The _____ outlawed the paying of bribes to foreign government officials to gain business

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Facilitating payments

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_____ are the payments that are made to expedite routine government actions, and hence are also known as speed money or grease payments.

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does not consider facilitating payments a criminal offense

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The Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions:

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an ethical dilemma.

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Davis is the manager of a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in a developing country. The manufacturing unit does not meet the acceptable standards of the manufacturing facility in the home nation. He knows that demanding a better manufacturing unit will raise the cost of the drugs mainly exported to other less developed countries, and hence its price. But he also realizes that by not demanding a better unit, the employees are prone to serious health issues. Davis is facing:

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personal ethics

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The first step to establishing a strong sense of business ethics is for a society to emphasize strong:

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organizational leadership.

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The CEO of Gold Chip Software engages in corruption and uses his power in the company to enrich himself and his family members. Consequently, his employees too engage in the same behavior. In this case, the roots of unethical behavior can be traced to:

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hire employees with strong personal ethics.

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The CEO of United Synergy Inc., a company in its embryonic stage, believes that unethical behavior will result in premature decline of the company. In order to ensure that the company starts operating in the most ethical manner, the CEO should:

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The Friedman doctrine

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Which of the following is a straw man approach to business ethics?

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cultural relativism.

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Green Quantum Inc. has research and production units all across the globe. The company expects its expatriate managers to adopt the ethics propagated by the culture in which they operate their respective units. Even in situations when others consider certain actions as unethical, the company allows its managers to pursue such actions if they are permitted in the host nation. Green Quantum is most likely following:

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The business units of Neon Synergy will be empowered to adopt the standards of ethics followed in their respective host nations.

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Neon Synergy Inc. operates in three different countries, and is headed by a CEO who believes that best approach to ethics is cultural relativism. In this context, which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding Neon Synergy?

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a multinational's home-country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countries

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A righteous moralist is most likely to claim that:

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The naive immoralist

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An American manager of a multinational company who is working in one of the company's production plants located in the country of Cadmia, employs child labor at the manufacturing unit he is in charge of. On being criticized as unethical, the manager argues that such actions are ethically defensible because everyone in Cadmia is doing it. Which of the following straw men approaches to ethics is most likely demonstrated by the manager?

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It recognizes that a business should pursue only those actions where the social benefits outweigh the costs.

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Which of the following statements is true about the utilitarian approach to business ethics?

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Utilitarianism

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Adoption of which of the following ethical approaches is most likely to cause a company to use tools such as cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment to weigh all of the social benefits and costs of a business action?

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It omits the consideration of justice.

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Which of the following is a drawback of the utilitarian approach to business ethics?

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Kantian ethics

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Which of the following philosophies of ethics holds that people should be treated as ends and never purely as means to the ends of others?

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fundamental human rights and privileges transcend national boundaries and cultures.

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According to the theory of rights:

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respecting fundamental human privileges.

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While making a business decision, a manager who believes in rights theories is most likely to focus on:

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Kantian ethics.

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In stating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood, Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights echoes:

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Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of a person is possible.

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What does Article 29 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights convey?

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just distribution

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In business ethics, the term "_____" refers to a fair and equitable distribution of economic goods and services.

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impartiality in justice

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The veil of ignorance, a conceptual device designed by John Rawls, supports:

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Difference principle

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Which of the following terms, developed Rawls, indicates that inequalities are justified if they benefit the position of the least-advantaged members of society?

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help them navigate through difficult ethical dilemmas

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The primary purpose for which managers use a moral compass is to

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Making sure that key business decisions make good economic sense irrespective of their social costs and risks

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In a business setting, which of the following practices is most likely to be considered as unethical?

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Matt, a prominent member of the top management of Elephas Inc.

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Elephas Inc. is a steel rod manufacturing company that has customers, investors, vendors, and competitors from all across the globe. Of the following business associates, who would fall into the category of internal stakeholders?

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In ethical decision-making, managers need to ensure that a proposed decision does not violate the fundamental rights of any stakeholders.

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Which of the following statements is true about ethical decision-making?

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By setting up ethics hotlines

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How can companies strengthen the moral courage of employees?

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Cross-cultural literacy

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_____ means an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way business is practiced.

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Multinational enterprises can themselves be engines of cultural change.

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Which of the following statements is true about culture?

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abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable

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In a social context, the term values is used to describe the:

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Folkways

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_____ are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like.

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Violating mores tends to bring more serious retribution than violating folkways.

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What is the difference between folkways and mores?

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Committing a financial fraud

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Which of the following best exemplifies violation of mores?

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The degree to which the society is stratified into classes or castes

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Which of the following is a dimension of social structure that is particularly important when explaining differences between cultures?

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Lack of company-specific experience, knowledge, and a network of contacts among managers

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Which of the following is an implication of high degree of managerial mobility in societies that emphasize individualism?

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social stratification

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In the context of social structure, the American society is characterized by a low degree of:

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The employees in this country will lack loyalty and commitment to a company.

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The United Republic emphasizes individual performance and achievements in every sphere of society. Which of the following statements is true about the society of this country?

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is difficult to build teams within an organization to perform collective tasks.

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One of the downsides to the emphasis on individualism is that it:

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There is a low degree of movement from company to company among managers and workers in Japan.

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Which of the following statements is true about the business implications of the Japanese society?

question

discourage employees from moving from company to company

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If a society emphasizes the group as the primary unit of social organization, it is most likely to:

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Social strata

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_____ are defined as hierarchical social categories, often based on family background, occupation, and income.

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Successful individuals from humble origins are highly respected in American society.

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Which of the following statements is true about the class system in the United States when compared to the British class system?

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Confucianism

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_____ is an ethical system that has influenced behavior and shaped culture in parts of Asia, however it cannot be considered as a religion

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emphasizing on the importance of hard work and wealth creation for the glory of God and frugality.

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According to Max Weber, Protestantism encouraged capitalism's development by

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Islam

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Which of the following is a religion that prohibits the payment or receipt of interest, as it is considered to be usury?

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Christianity

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Islam has roots in both Judaism and _____.

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behave in a manner that is consistent with Islamic ethics.

answer

Muslim countries are likely to be receptive to international businesses as long as those businesses

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Islamic banks cannot pay or charge interest.

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A major distinction between a conventional bank and an Islamic bank is that:

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Hinduism supported India's caste system.

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Which of the following statements is true about Hinduism?

question

spiritual progression and reincarnation.

answer

Hindus see mobility between castes as something that can be achieved through:

question

Islam.

answer

Zain finds it hard to dine with his American colleagues as his religion prohibits the consumption pork and alcohol. He also quit his previous job in a bank on the base that his religion considers the payment or receipt of interest as exploitative and unjust. According to this information, Zain is a follower of:

question

Hinduism.

answer

Maya is a follower of a religion which emphasizes that individuals should be judged solely by their spiritual achievements. The caste Maya belongs to is of the highest order in her religion, and hence is highly respected. She also firmly believes that she was born into the high caste as a result of her spiritual development in her previous life. Maya follows:

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Buddhism

answer

_____ was founded in India in the sixth century b.c. by Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince who renounced his wealth to pursue an ascetic lifestyle and spiritual perfection.

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Confucianism

answer

For more than 2,000 years until the 1949 Communist revolution, _____, which teaches the importance of attaining personal salvation through right action, was the official ethical system of China.

question

reciprocated by the superiors by bestowing blessings on them.

answer

In a Confucian culture, loyalty of the subordinates to their superiors should be:

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liable to a social sanction if he or she does not reciprocate when called upon.

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A person seeking and receiving help through a guanxi network is:

question

a good education system is a determinant of national competitive advantage.

answer

The recent trend to outsource information technology jobs to countries such as India indicates that:

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Geert Hofstede

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_____ isolated four dimensions—power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity—that he claimed summarized different cultures.

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low uncertainty avoidance

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The natives of The Republic of Coastland are always prepared to take risks and they also demonstrate less emotional resistance to change. Apart from these characteristics, the ties between people are loose, sex roles are less sharply distinguished, and inequalities of power and wealth are discouraged in the country. According to this information, the Republic of Coastland most likely demonstrates _____.

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collectivism

answer

According to Hofstede, in societies where _____ was emphasized, the ties between individuals were tight.

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power distance

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Hofstede's _____ dimension focused on how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities.

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ethnocentrism.

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Janet believes that the cultural group she belongs to is superior and is hence highly intolerant toward employees from the cultures of other countries. This behavior of Janet is known as:

question

bank buys equipment and resells as mark up. murabauh take share profits of the investments.

answer

What are the two different banking methods that Islamic banks have experimented with in order to avoid the payment or receipt of interest?

question

Differences in material culture between national economies

answer

Which of the following has reduced as a result of globalization?

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Globalization

answer

_____ refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy.

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significant differences still exist among national markets.

answer

Automobile companies promote different car models in different countries depending on a range of factors such as demographics, local taste, local fuel costs, income levels, traffic congestion, and cultural values. This most likely demonstrates that:

question

globalization of production

answer

The _____ refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors such as labor, energy, land, and capital.

question

globalization of production.

answer

West Electronic Corporation sources goods and services for its electronics products from different locations around the globe in an attempt to take advantage of differences in the cost and quality of labor and land. This practice demonstrates the:

question

outsourcing.

answer

A software company uses engineers in India to perform maintenance functions on software designed in the United States, and it also uses Indian accountants to compile tax returns. According to this information, the U.S. based company is most likely using:

question

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

answer

_____ is an international treaty that committed signatories to lowering barriers to the free flow of goods across national borders and is the predecessor to the World Trade Organization.

question

promote economic development.

answer

The World Bank was primarily created in 1944 to:

question

maintain order in the international monetary system.

answer

In 1944, the IMF was established to:

question

It usurps the sovereignty of nation-states by telling governments what economic policies they must adopt.

answer

Which of the following is an argument put forth by critics of the IMF?

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United Nations

answer

The _____ was established in 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security.

question

finance ministers and central bank governors

answer

The G20 comprises the _____ of the 19 largest economies in the world, plus representatives from the European Union and the European Central Bank.

question

international trade.

answer

Michelle, an Italian fashion designer, sells her merchandise by exporting them to the U.S., UK, and Brazil. According to this information, Michelle is most likely involved in:

question

foreign direct investment.

answer

When a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country, it is referred to as:

question

protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

answer

The motive behind the high tariffs imposed by nations on imports of manufactured goods, prior to World War II, was to:

question

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

answer

The advanced industrial nations of the West committed themselves after World War II to removing barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital between nations. This goal was enshrined in the:

question

Countries progressively raising trade barriers against each other

answer

Which of the following reasons contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s?

question

Barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital

answer

Which of the following has been declining in the developing nations of the world such as China, India, Russia, Indonesia, Thailand, South Korea, Mexico, and Brazil ?

question

Major advances in communication, information processing, and transportation technologies

answer

While the lowering of trade barriers made globalization of markets and production a theoretical possibility, which of the following has made it a tangible reality?

question

The United States

answer

Which of the following countries has seen a relative decline in its share of world output between 1960 and 2010?

question

stock of foreign direct investment

answer

The _____ refers to the total cumulative value of foreign investments.

question

The United States

answer

_____ has experienced a decline in the share of FDI stock between 1980 and 2010.

question

International business is conducted not just by large firms but also by medium-size and small enterprises.

answer

Which of the following statements is true about the trends in the changing nature of multinational enterprises?

question

The signs of growing unrest and totalitarian tendencies seen in these countries

answer

Which of the following conditions is most likely to act as a deterrent for foreign firms willing to do business with former Communist nations of East Europe and central Asia?

question

The citizens of developing countries have achieved higher living standards due to globalization.

answer

Which of the following statements is true about the implications of globalization on developing countries?

question

Free trade of goods and services

answer

Supporters of globalization insist that dislocation in the form of lost jobs is a trade-off that will ultimately lead to the economy being better off. Which of the following is being justified in this case?

question

Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

answer

The NAFTA was formed in 1994 between:

question

supranational organizations such as the World Trade Organization.

answer

A concern voiced by critics of globalization is that today's increasingly interdependent global economy shifts economic power toward:

question

It can issue a ruling instructing a member-state to change trade policies that violate GATT regulations.

answer

Which of the following falls under the functions of the WTO?

question

Globalization of markets is trying to limit the trade barriers to make for a more united market. Globalization of production is the ability to make the market a fair place, as well as competitive market to provides products and service.

answer

Explain the concepts of "globalization of markets" and "globalization of production."

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