MG 210- Final Exam – Flashcards
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Corporate Governance
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The system used to govern a corporation so that the interests of corporate owners are protected
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Role Board of Directors
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Original purpose was to have a group independent of management from looking out for the interest of share holders who were not in day to day operations - "Quid Pro Quo"
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Feed Forward Control
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Takes place before a work activity is done
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Concurrent Control
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Takes place while work activity is in progress
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Feedback Control
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Takes place after work activity is done
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Learning Organization
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...
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Work Specialization
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Dividing work activities into separate job tasks
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Flextime "flexible work hours"
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A scheduling system in which employees are required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits
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Job Sharing
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The practice of having two or more people split a full time job
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Contingent Work Force
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Temporary, freelance or contract workers whose employment is contingent on demand for their services. - Known as "independent" workers since there is no dependent relationship between the worker and organization
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Human Resource Planning
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Ensuring that the organization has the right nubmer and kinds of capable people in the right places and right rimes
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Current Assessment
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Managers begin HR planning by inverntorying current employees. This inventory usually includes information on employees such as name education training prior employment language spoken special capabilities and specialized skills.
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Job Analysis
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An assessment that defines jobs and the behaviors necessary to perform them
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Job Description
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A written statement that describes a job
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Job Specification
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A written statement of the minimum qualifications a person must possess to perform a given job successfully
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Validity and Reliability
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- A valid selection device is characterized by a proven relationship between the selection device and some relevant criterion. - Reliable selection device indicates that it measure the same thing consistently
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Realistic Job Preview (RJP)
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A preview of a job that provides both positive and negative information about the job and company
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Stages Group Of development ( 5stages)
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Forming - 1st stage which defines the groups purpose, structure and leadership Storming - 2nd stage characterized by intra-group conflict Norming - 3rd stage characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness Performing - 4th stage when the group is fully functional and works on group tasks Adjourning - Last stage for temperer groups which group members are concerned with wrapping up activities rather than task performance
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Group Size - Big Vs. Small
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Group size affects performance and satisfaction but the effect depends on what the group is supposed to accomplish. Small Groups - 5 to 7 members. Faster, and are better at doing something productive with those facts. Large Groups - 12 or more members. Better at problem solving and more effective
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Social Network Structure
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The patterns of informal connections among individuals within a group
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Attitudes and Job Performance
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Attitudes- Evaluative statements that can be favorable or unfavorable, concerning objects, people or events. Reflect how people feel about something. - Cognitive Component- Made up of beliefs, opinions knowledge or information held by a person - Affective Component- The emotional or Feeling Part - Behavioral Component- Refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something
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Locus Of Control
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People believe they are masters of own fate. (internal)
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Machiavellianism
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A measure of the degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance and believe that ends justify means
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Self - Esteem
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An individuals degree of like or dislike for himself
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Self Monitoring
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a personality trait that measure the ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors
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Proactive Personality
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People who identify opportunities show initiate, take action and persevere until meaningful change occurs
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Emotional Intelligence (EI) "5 dimensions"
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The ability to notice and to manage emotional cues and information Self Awareness- Be aware of what your feeling Self Management- Manage ones own emotions Self Motivation- Persist in the face of setback Empathy- Sense how others are feeling Social Skills- Handle emotions of others
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Social Learning
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A theory of learning that says people can learn through observation and direct experience - Attentional Processes- People learn from a model when they recognize and pay attention to its critical features. Mostly influenced by models who are repeatedly available thought to be important or similar to us. - Retention Processes- A models influence will depend on how well the individual remembers the models action even after the model is no longer readily available
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Grapevine
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The informal organization communication network - communication - connects employees to the business and reinforces the organizations visions, process improvements, change, and drives business results by changing employee behavior
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Open Workplaces
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Workplaces with few physical barriers and enclosures
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Equity Theory
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The theory that an Employee compares his or her jobs input outcomes ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any equity
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Procedural Justice
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Perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards
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Expectancy Theory
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The theory that individuals tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractivness of that outcome to the individual
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consideration
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The extent to which a leader has work relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members ideas and feelings
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Initiating Structure
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The extent to which a leader defines his or her role and the roles of the group members in attaining goals
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Pat manages the customer care department of her firm. She is very happy with her team of 15 customer care executives who've all been consistently performing well. Customer feedback was impressive and Pat is planning to give them good bonuses this time around. As a manager, Pat believes it is important to let your subordinates know when you are happy with their work. She does so, and also calls a meeting to discuss what they can do to improve further. Pat is using communication for ________.
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Motivation
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Alec is hired as a senior analyst at Tech Research Institute and is assigned to a project with four other researchers. He soon realizes that two of his teammates do not see eye-to-eye on many issues. Far from being solved, the situation escalates over the next couple of months. This bothers Alec a great deal because he is expected to coordinate his work with them. He decides to speak to his manager about the problem and seek his advice. In this example, communication is being used ________.
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to control
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Which of the following is an example of noise?
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thinking about the party you attended last night while sitting in a lecture
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CISCO's Unified Personal Communicator allows fast and easy access to voice, video, instant messaging, web conferencing, voicemail, and presence capabilities through a single, multimedia interface on your PC or Mac. Which of the following aspects of communication problems does this personal communicator address?
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time-space constraint
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In jobs today, employees rely more and more on those around them for information, advice, and assistance." Which of the following approaches to job design best reflects this statement?
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the relational perspective of work design
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According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when an employer provides his employees health insurance, he is taking care of their ________ needs.
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safety
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You are acting as manager and mentor to Melanie, an employee who has been identified as a high achiever. Going by McClelland's three-needs theory, which of the following measures would best help you motivate Marsha to do her best?
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giving her a job that holds her personally responsible for finding solutions to problems
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Which of the following is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory?
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Herzberg's theory has influenced how we currently design jobs.
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According to the Job Characteristics Model (JCM), which three job characteristics are crucial to an employee experiencing meaningfulness of his or her work?
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skill variety, task identity, and task significance
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Listening for full meaning without making premature judgments or interpretations is called
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active listening
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A leader, such as Bill Gates of Microsoft, who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance, is known as a(n) ________.
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Transformational Leader
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According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment?
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initiating structure
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100) The Path to Leadership (Scenario) Brooke is a manager of the night shift in a nursing home. She has been reading literature on House's path-goal theory and would like to apply that information to becoming a better leader. Which of the following would support Brooke's attempt at becoming a participative leader?
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She consults her subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.
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When Alan Jackman got promoted as the head of the sales team at Mac Software Inc., he chose three of his closest friends in the team to form the core sales group with him. Which of the following predictions would be consistent with the LMX theory?
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There will be a higher turnover among team members who are not a part of the core group.
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Susan Bones is the sales manager at the Ohio office of Alpha Inc. She has a reputation of being fair, helpful, and understanding. Laura, one of her subordinates, recalled how Susan had even helped her overcome a personal crisis. Which of the following dimensions of leadership is Susan displaying here?
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Consideration
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The managerial grid used the behavioral dimensions "concern for people" and ________ and evaluated a leader's use of these behaviors, ranking them on a scale from 1 (low) to 9 (high).
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concern for production"
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The ________ model proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with his or her followers and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence.
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Fiedler contingency
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Which leadership theory believes that a leader's job is to assist followers in attaining their goals and to ensure that their goals are compatible with the goals of the group or organization?
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Path-Goal Theory
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One general conclusion that surfaces from leadership research is that ________.
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effective leaders do not use any single style
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Crazy Powermakers, Inc., was a unique company in that its philosophy was to prevent any one person from having too much power in the organization. Therefore, any power found to exist in the company was distributed to someone who did not have any power yet. As a result, Tamera was the person employees went to when disciplinary action had to be taken; Kayse was the supervisor that the employees went to for general decisions that needed to be made; Clay was the person employees went to when they were to receive special recognition; and Juan was the person employees went to when knowledge of a topic was needed. Juan held ________ power.
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expert
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A cell Phone Maker has created a digital platform that allows it to directly interact with its customers. Customers are allowed to post their ideas regarding the features they want in the phones that the company plans to launch. What is this process of interaction between the company and its customers know as?
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Open Innovation
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A low-to-moderate level of task conflict consistently has a positive effect on group performance. What is the reason for this?
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It stimulates discussion of ideas that help groups be more innovative
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Research evidence suggests that teams typically outperform individuals when ________.
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tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience
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________ is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors such as luck.
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Self-serving bias
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Anna has recently been promoted to the managerial ranks which has increased her interaction with the senior managers at her company. She realizes that Peter, her assistant manager, exhibits a distinct lack of emotional involvement with his colleagues and subordinates. His entire focus is on achieving the goals he sets, no matter what the course he has to take to get there. These traits lead Anna to conclude that Peter ________.
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is high on Machiavellianism
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What is a key point of Holland's theory?
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People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied.
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Which of the following suggestions will help reduce the effect of social loafing in groups?
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clearly identify individual responsibilities
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Which of the following is a benefit of global teams?
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Global teams usually have a greater diversity of ideas.
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Which of the following types of conflict is most likely to be dysfunctional?
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relationship conflict
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For a new project, David forms a team comprising of individuals from various functional departments. After a few days David observes conflicts within the group over who will control the group and what the group needs to be doing. This team is now in the ________ stage of group development.
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storming
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Mary is not happy with her current job. She dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are inferior to others in the market. In her opinion, the lower quality products are overpriced. However, she has sales targets for all products, superior or otherwise, that she must meet in order to receive her commission. Although Mary tries to meet the target sales for all products, she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take. This inconsistency or incompatibility is known as ________.
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cognitive dissonance
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Four Contingency Variables
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Strategy size technology and environmental uncertainty
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Paul Abdul Oil Corperation PAOC began as a relitivley small oil company. PAOC has grown the company has gained highly trained group managers and analysts at the corporate headquarters. This group is highly adpative in its structure. Members of this group do not have standardized jobs but are empowered to handle divers job activities and problems. PAOC seems to have a _____ structures
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Organic
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As an organization becomes more flexible and responsive to enviromental trends there is a distinct shift toward __________decision making
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Decentralized
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In order to cope with changing times, Cherlys company is thinking of adopting some organizational changes. The company wants to grow without incurring costs for a new office building, equipment or parking lots. Which be the best option?
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It can give its employees the option of tele communicating
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The Earthquake/ tsunami whic hhit japan in march of 2011 highlights the contemporary need to design organizationl controls for
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Global turmoil or disasters
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______ refers to the process of monitoring comparing and correcting work perfromance
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controlling
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Which of the following is considered the most desirable type of control to prevent anticipated problems?
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Feedfoward Control
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The _____ approach to perfromance measurement was introduce as a way to evaluate organizational performance from more than just the financial perspective
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Balanced Scorecard
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______ is the search for the best practices among competitors or non competitots that lead to their superior performance
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Benchmarking
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In which of the following traditional training methods are employees made to work different jobs in a particular area in order to get exposure to a variety of tasks?
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Training by Job Rotation
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Tim is a cnidate for an automative mechanics positon. He is asked to deconstruct and reconstruct part of an engine motor to demonstrate his skill. This is an example of?
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performance stimulation test
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A written statement that explains the job content, enviorment and conditions of employment is called a
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job description
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A _____ is a method of performance appraisal where each employee is rated in a comparison to other employees in his work group?
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Multiperson Comparision
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Steve a human resource manager wants to let potential canidates know about the minimum qualifications that they should possess in order to successfully perform the jobs they have applied for. What should he do.
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Frame a job specification
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__________ is an example of a high performance work practice
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Increasing employee access to information
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Six months into Wade's tenure as sales manager, he hosts his first regional sales meeting. During the course of the meeting, Wade meets individually with his employees and shows them a chart of their sales numbers for each month compared to their budgeted quota for the year to date. Additionally, Wade and each employee set mutually agreed-upon budget goals for the remaining six months of the fiscal year. Wade is utilizing the ________ method of performance appraisal.
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MBO
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After considering the option for a long time, Jane's company has finally decided that it must "right-size," and this meant coming up with a plan for reducing the current size of the workforce at her manufacturing plant. The job was left to her, and as much as she hated doing this part of her job, it was necessary for the survival of the company and not just an effort to inflate their stock price. Jane also appreciated her company's attempt to try do what it takes to enhance profitability. In her next meeting with the senior management, Jane suggests that they should ignore the openings created by voluntary resignations and not hire any more people now. This would avoid much of the pain associated with workforce reduction in future. This implies that Jane favors ________.
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attrition
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Elizabeth was hired as a customer care executive, along with five others, by a telecommunication provider during a period when they were extremely short-staffed. However, her employers soon realized that she was impatient, easily irritated, and lacked motivation. They even began to receive complaints about her behavior from angry customers. In hiring Elizabeth, her employers were guilty of a(n) ________.
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reception error
