meprobamate C9H18N2O4 structure – Flashcards

Flashcard maker : Chloe Barnes

Molecular Formula C9H18N2O4
Average mass 218.250 Da
Density 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 434.2±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point 229.7±20.3 °C
Molar Refractivity 54.3±0.3 cm3
Polarizability 21.5±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension 43.9±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume 191.5±3.0 cm3
  • Experimental data
  • Predicted – ACD/Labs
  • Predicted – EPISuite
  • Predicted – ChemAxon
  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties
    • Experimental Melting Point:

      104-106 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      105 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 15214, 16756, 17165, 21761
      104 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 13021, 8963
      97-100 °C LabNetwork LN01295037
    • Experimental Solubility:

      -1.67 Egon Willighagen http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci050282s
  • Miscellaneous
    • Appearance:

      white crystalline powder Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Stability:

      Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Toxicity:

      IPR-HAM LD50 625 mg kg-1, ORL-HAM LD50 1410 mg kg-1, IPR-MUS LD50 331 mg kg-1, SCU-RAT LD50 525 mg kg-1 Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Safety:

      GHS07 Biosynth W-105461
      H302 Biosynth W-105461
      Safety glasses, adequate ventilation. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      Warning Biosynth W-105461
  • Gas Chromatography
    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      1652 (estimated with error: 89) NIST Spectra mainlib_250606, replib_335450, replib_10226, replib_221058, replib_246239, replib_312855
      1785 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 30 K/min; Start T: 100 C; End T: 310 C; End time: 5 min; Start time: 3 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Maurer, H.H., Identification and differentiation of barbiturates, other sedative-hypnotics and their metabolites in urine integrated in a general screening procedure using computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 530, 1990, 307-326.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1758 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 200 C; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Japp, M.; Gill, R.; Osselton, M.D., Comparison of drug retention indices determined on packed, wide bore capillary and narrow bore capillary columns, J. Forensic Sci., 32(6), 1987, 1574-1586.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1764 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 200 C; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Japp, M.; Gill, R.; Osselton, M.D., Comparison of drug retention indices determined on packed, wide bore capillary and narrow bore capillary columns, J. Forensic Sci., 32(6), 1987, 1574-1586.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1752 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 12 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 300 C; End time: 12 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.45 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Schepers, P.; Wijsbeek, J.; Franke, J.P.; de Zeeuw, R.A., Applicability of capillary gas chromatography to substance identification in toxicology by means of retention indices, J. Forensic Sci., 27(1), 1982, 49-60.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1762 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.49 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 100 C; End T: 275 C; End time: 15 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Phase thickness: 1.14 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Schepers, P.; Wijsbeek, J.; Franke, J.P.; de Zeeuw, R.A., Applicability of capillary gas chromatography to substance identification in toxicology by means of retention indices, J. Forensic Sci., 27(1), 1982, 49-60.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1800 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 6 ft; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: McLinden, V.J.; Stenhouse, A.M., A chromatography system for drug identification, Forensic Sci. Int., 13, 1979, 71-79., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 200 C; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Berninger, H.; Moller, M.R., Retentionsindices zur gaschromatographischen Identifizierung von Arzneimitteln, Arch. Toxicol., 37, 1977, 295-305.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1790 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Moffat, A.C.; Stead, A.H.; Smalldon, K.W., Optimum use of paper, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography for the identification of basic drugs. III. Gas-liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 90, 1974, 19-33.) NIST Spectra nist ri
    • Retention Index (Lee):

      301.69 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Eckel, W.P.; Ross, B.; Isensee, R.K., Pentobarbital found in ground water, Ground Water, 31(5), 1993, 801-804.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      304.55 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Eckel, W.P.; Ross, B.; Isensee, R.K., Pentobarbital found in ground water, Ground Water, 31(5), 1993, 801-804.) NIST Spectra nist ri
    • Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

      1771 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 22 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Manca, D.; Ferron, L.; Weber, J-P., A System for Toxicological Screening by Capillary Gas Chromatography with Use of Drug Retention Index Based on Nitrogen-Containing Reference Compounds, Clin. Chem., 35(4), 1989, 601-607.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1750 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 10 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 130 C; End T: 230 C; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 2.65 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Anderson, W.H.; Fuller, D.C., A simplified procedure for the isolation, characterization, and identification of weak acid and neutral drugs from whole blood, J. Anal. Toxicol., 11, 1987, 198-204.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1758 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 130 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 10 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Sharp, M.E., A rapid screening procedure for acidic and neutral drugs in blood by high resolution gas chromatography, J. Anal. Toxicol., 11, 1987, 8-11.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1810 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 2.5 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: OV-1; Substrate: Gas Chrom P; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Marozzi, E.; Gambaro, V.; Saligari, E.; Mariani, R.; Lodi, F., Use of the retention index in gas chromatographic studies of drugs, J. Anal. Toxicol., 6, 1982, 185-192., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 2.5 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Substrate: Gas Chrom P; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Marozzi, E.; Gambaro, V.; Saligari, E.; Mariani, R.; Lodi, F., Use of the retention index in gas chromatographic studies of drugs, J. Anal. Toxicol., 6, 1982, 185-192.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1796 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Other; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 220, 1981, 195-252.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1785 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 6 ft; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 130 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 8 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W AW DMS; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Peel, H.W.; Perrigo, B., A practical gas chromatographic screening procedure for toxicological analysis, Can.Soc.Forens.Sci.J., 9(2), 1975, 69-74., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 6 ft; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 130 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 8 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: Nitrogen; Substrate: Chromosorb W AW DMS (80-100 mesh); Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Peel, H.W.; Perrigo, B., A practical gas chromatographic screening procedure for toxicological analysis, Can. Soc. Forens. Sci. J., 9(2), 1976, 69-74.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1830 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 6 ft; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 130 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 8 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W AW DMS; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Peel, H.W.; Perrigo, B., A practical gas chromatographic screening procedure for toxicological analysis, Can.Soc.Forens.Sci.J., 9(2), 1975, 69-74., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 6 ft; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 130 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 8 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: Nitrogen; Substrate: Chromosorb W AW DMS (80-100 mesh); Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Peel, H.W.; Perrigo, B., A practical gas chromatographic screening procedure for toxicological analysis, Can. Soc. Forens. Sci. J., 9(2), 1976, 69-74.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1826 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C (0.5 min) ^ 99 0C/min -> 100 0C (1 min) ^ 15 0C/min -> 280 0C (20 min); CAS no: 57534; Active phase: 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Grigoriev, A.M.; Savchuk, S.A., Correlation of the parameters of screening libraries of the gas-chromatographic retention data, Rus. J. Anal. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 65(4), 2010, 388-397, In original 400-409.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1832 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C (0.5 min) ^ 99 0C/min -> 100 0C (1 min) ^ 15 0C/min -> 280 0C (20 min); CAS no: 57534; Active phase: 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Grigoriev, A.M.; Savchuk, S.A., Correlation of the parameters of screening libraries of the gas-chromatographic retention data, Rus. J. Anal. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 65(4), 2010, 388-397, In original 400-409.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1802.5 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 12.5 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 110 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 6.5 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: Ultra-2; Phase thickness: 0.5 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Watts, V.W.; Simonick, T.F., A retention index library for commonly encountered drugs and metabolites using tri-n-alkylamines as reference compounds, nitrogen-phosphorus detectors, and dual capillary chromatography, J. Anal. Toxicol., 11, 1987, 210-214.) NIST Spectra nist ri
    • Retention Index (Linear):

      1784 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 160 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 12 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SPB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1.0 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Christ, D.W.; Noomano, P.; Rosas, M.; Rhone, D., Retention indices by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection, J. Anal. Toxicol., 12, 1988, 84-88.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1762 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 5 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Perrigo, B.J.; Ballantyne, D.J.; Peel, H.W., Condierations in developing a data base for drugs on a DBI capillary column, J. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci., 17(2), 1984, 41-49., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 5 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Perrigo, B.J.; Peel, H.W.; Ballantyne, D.J., Use of Dual-Column Fused-Silica Capillary Gas Chromatography in Combination with Detector Response Factors for Analytical Toxicology., J. Chromatogr., 341, 1985, 81-88.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1758 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 12 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 20 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 300 C; End time: 3 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Newton, B.; Foery, R.F., Retention indices and dual capillary gas chromatography for rapid identification of sedative hypnotic drugs in emergency toxicology, J. Anal. Toxicol., 8, 1984, 129-134.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1780 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.8 m; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 130 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 8 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 57534; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Perrigo, B.J.; Peel, H.W., The use of retention indices and temperature-programmed gas chromatography in analytical toxicology, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 19, 1981, 219-226.) NIST Spectra nist ri

Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform – PhysChem Module

Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 434.2±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 69.0±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 229.7±20.3 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.479
Molar Refractivity: 54.3±0.3 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 6
#H bond donors: 4
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 8
#Rule of 5 Violations: 0
ACD/LogP: 0.70
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.82
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 2.49
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 66.88
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.82
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 2.49
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 66.88
Polar Surface Area: 105 Å2
Polarizability: 21.5±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 43.9±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 191.5±3.0 cm3

Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agency’s EPISuite™

 
 Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC):
 Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) = 0.98
 Log Kow (Exper. database match) = 0.70
 Exper. Ref: Hansch,C et al. (1995)

 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42):
 Boiling Pt (deg C): 282.95 (Adapted Stein & Brown method)
 Melting Pt (deg C): 46.59 (Mean or Weighted MP)
 VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 0.000792 (Modified Grain method)
 MP (exp database): 105 deg C
 Subcooled liquid VP: 0.0048 mm Hg (25 deg C, Mod-Grain method)

 Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW v1.41):
 Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L): 8877
 log Kow used: 0.70 (expkow database)
 no-melting pt equation used
 Water Sol (Exper. database match) = 4700 mg/L (25 deg C)
 Exper. Ref: YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)

 Water Sol Estimate from Fragments:
 Wat Sol (v1.01 est) = 9764.7 mg/L
 Wat Sol (Exper. database match) = 4700.00
 Exper. Ref: YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)

 ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h):
 Class(es) found:
 Esters

 Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.10]:
 Bond Method : 1.85E-010 atm-m3/mole
 Group Method: Incomplete
 Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]: 2.562E-008 atm-m3/mole

 Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN v1.10]:
 Log Kow used: 0.70 (exp database)
 Log Kaw used: -8.121 (HenryWin est)
 Log Koa (KOAWIN v1.10 estimate): 8.821
 Log Koa (experimental database): None

 Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):
 Biowin1 (Linear Model) : 0.6188
 Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model) : 0.5511
 Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:
 Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model): 2.4113 (weeks-months)
 Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) : 3.7667 (days )
 MITI Biodegradation Probability:
 Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model) : 0.2420
 Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model): 0.3140
 Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:
 Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model): 0.4467
 Ready Biodegradability Prediction: NO

Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin v1.01):
 Structure incompatible with current estimation method!

 Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN v1.00]:
 Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled): 0.64 Pa (0.0048 mm Hg)
 Log Koa (Koawin est ): 8.821
 Kp (particle/gas partition coef. (m3/ug)):
 Mackay model : 4.69E-006 
 Octanol/air (Koa) model: 0.000163 
 Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):
 Junge-Pankow model : 0.000169 
 Mackay model : 0.000375 
 Octanol/air (Koa) model: 0.0128 

 Atmospheric Oxidation (25 deg C) [AopWin v1.92]:
 Hydroxyl Radicals Reaction:
 OVERALL OH Rate Constant = 19.3251 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec
 Half-Life = 0.553 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)
 Half-Life = 6.642 Hrs
 Ozone Reaction:
 No Ozone Reaction Estimation
 Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): 0.000272 (Junge,Mackay)
 Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation

 Soil Adsorption Coefficient (PCKOCWIN v1.66):
 Koc : 173.4
 Log Koc: 2.239 

 Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]:
 Total Kb for pH > 8 at 25 deg C : 1.320E-004 L/mol-sec
 Kb Half-Life at pH 8: 166.327 years 
 Kb Half-Life at pH 7: 1663.267 years 

 Bioaccumulation Estimates from Log Kow (BCFWIN v2.17):
 Log BCF from regression-based method = 0.500 (BCF = 3.162)
 log Kow used: 0.70 (expkow database)

 Volatilization from Water:
 Henry LC: 1.85E-010 atm-m3/mole (estimated by Bond SAR Method)
 Half-Life from Model River: 4.675E+006 hours (1.948E+005 days)
 Half-Life from Model Lake : 5.1E+007 hours (2.125E+006 days)

 Removal In Wastewater Treatment:
 Total removal: 1.87 percent
 Total biodegradation: 0.09 percent
 Total sludge adsorption: 1.77 percent
 Total to Air: 0.00 percent
 (using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S)

 Level III Fugacity Model:
 Mass Amount Half-Life Emissions
 (percent) (hr) (kg/hr)
 Air 0.00248 13.3 1000 
 Water 43.3 900 1000 
 Soil 56.6 1.8e+003 1000 
 Sediment 0.0873 8.1e+003 0 
 Persistence Time: 1.01e+003 hr




 

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