MedTerm Ch.16 – Flashcards
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ablat/o
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to take away
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bi/o
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life
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cancer/o, carcin/o
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cancer
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chem/o
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chemical, drug
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cry/o
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cold
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cyt/o
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cell
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kary/o
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nucleus
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lapar/o
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abdomen
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lei/o
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smooth
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leuk/o
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white
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melan/o
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black, dark
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onc/o
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tumor
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path/o
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disease
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plas/o
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growth, formation
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radi/o
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x-rays, radiation
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rhabd/o
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striated muscle
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sarc/o
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connective tissue, flesh
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squam/o
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scalelike structure
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dys-
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painful, difficult, abnormal
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intra-
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within
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mal-
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bad, poor
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meta-
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change, beyond
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neo-
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new
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para-
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beside
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trans-
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across, through
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-gen
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origin, production
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-genic
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originating, producing
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`-oma
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tumor
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-opsy
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process of viewing
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-scopy
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process of examining, examination
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nonmalignant form of a neoplasm
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benign
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general term for a group of diseases characterized by an abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells
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cancer
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pertaining to cancer
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cancerous
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any cancer-causing substance or organism
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carcinogen
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determination of how developed, or mature, the cancer cells are in a tumor
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differentiation
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abnormal growth of a tissue
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dysplasia
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in the original place or site without any expansion or spread
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in situ
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the direct migration and penetration by cancerous cells into neighboring tissues
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invasion
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pathologic change in tissue resulting from disease or injury
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lesion
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having the properties of locally invasive and destructive growth of metastasis
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malignant
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spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another
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metastasis
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mutated forms of genes that cause normal cells to grow out of control and become cancer cells
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oncogenes
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causing or being suitable for the development of a tumor
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oncogenic
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the return of cancer after all visible signs of it had been eradicated previously
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recurrence
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lessing in severity of disease symptoms; the period of time when a cancer is responding to treatment or is under control
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remission
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malignant neoplasm composed of granular tissue
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adenocarcinoma
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benign neoplasm composes of granular tissue
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adenoma
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malignant neoplasm of any epithelial tissue
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fibroma
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malignant neoplasm of deep fibrous tissue
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fibrosarcoma
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benign neoplasm of adipose (fat) tissue
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lipoma
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malignant neoplasm of adipose (fat) tissue
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liposarcoma
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tumor that invades surrounding tissue and is usually capable of metastasizing; can be located in any organ or tissue of the body
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malignant neoplasm
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tumor characterized by a dark appearance; most commonly occurs in the skin or in the eye
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melanoma
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abnormal growth of new tissue into a mass; can be benign or malignant
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neoplasm, tumor
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tumor derived from nervous tissue
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neuroma
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tumor composed of cells derived from bone marrow
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myeloma
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malignant neoplasm of connective tissue
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sarcoma
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cancer that begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis of the skin
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basal cell carcinoma
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type of cancer found in the tissues under the skin or mucous membranes that line the mouth, nose, and anus; most commonly seen in tacitness with AIDS
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kaposi sarcoma
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malignant skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes in the epidermis, usually caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation
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melanoma of the skin
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a cancer that begins in the squamous cells located in the upper levels of the epidermis of the skin
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squamous cell carcinoma
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very rare cancer affective the digestive tract or nearby structures within the abdomen
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gastrointestinal stromal tumor
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cancerous tumor of the bladder
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malignant neoplasm of the bladder
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tumor of the kidney
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nephroma
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cancer arising in the urothelium lining the urinary tract
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urothelial carcinoma, transitional cell carcioma
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rare type of kidney cancer that affects children
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Wilms tumor
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abnormal malignant enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen and liver; indicated by the presence of Reed- Sternberg cells
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hodgkin disease
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cancer of the blood indicated by malignant increase in the number of white blood cells
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leukemia
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mass or tumor of lymph vessels
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lymphangioma
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tumor of lymphoid tissue, including lymphocytes and plasma cells
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lymphoma
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lymphoma other than hodgkin disease
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non-hodgkin lymphoma
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carcinoma that arises form the mucosa of the large bronchi
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bronchogenic carcinoma
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a carcinoma of the mesothelium lining of the lungs or heart, usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust
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mesothelioma
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highly malignant from of lung or bronchogenic cancer in which cells appear small and rounded under a microscope
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oat cell carcinoma
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a breast cancer that is confined to the ducts and has not spread to the tissue of the breast
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ductal carcinoma in situ
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cancer that begins in the egg-producing cells of the ovaries
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germ cell tumor
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cancer that begins int he cells of the ligaments of the ovaries
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stromal cell tumor
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tumor that arises from small, star-shaped cells in the brain and spinal chord
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astrocytoma
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cancer that arises from the glial cells of the nervous system
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glioma
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cancer that develops from the primitive nerve cells in the cerebrum
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medulloblastoma
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benign and slow-growing tumor of the meninges
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meningioma
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cancer of the nervous system
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neuroblastoma
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benign but locally invasive tumor arising out of gloms tissue found in the middle ear, jugular bulb, and carotid artery
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glomus tumor
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malignant cancer that forms in the tissues of the eye
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intraocular melanoma
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malignant ocular tumor of retinal cells
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retinoblastoma
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common benign tumor arising from cartilage cells
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chondroma
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large malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells
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chondrosarcoma
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malignant tumor found in bone or soft tissue
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ewing tumor, ewing sarcoma
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tumor of the tendon sheath that can be either benign or malignant
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giant cell tumor
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benign tumor of smooth (non striated) muscle
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leiomyoma
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malignant tumor of smooth muscle
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leiomyosarcoma
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malignant tumor of adipose (fat) tissue; occurs in the retroperitoneal tissues and the thigh
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liposarcoma
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benign lesion of bone consisting chiefly of fairly dense, moderately cellular, fibrous connective tissue
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osteofibroma
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fast-growing malignant type of bone cancer that developed in the osteoblast cells that form the outer covering of bone
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osteosarcoma
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benign tumor of striated muscle
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rhabdomyoma
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highly malignant tumor of striated muscle
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rhabdomyosarcoma
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a group of disorders characterized by functioning tumors in more than one endocrine gland
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multiple endocrine neoplasia
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vascular tumor of the adrenal gland
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pheochromocytoma
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benign tumor arising in the pituitary gland
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pituitary gland
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blood test for the substance produced by tumor cells in the body; found in elevated levels in patients with ovarian cancer
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alpha fetoprotein
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blood test for a type of protein present in some breast cancer cells to which estrogen attaches
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estrogen receptors
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blood test for the substance that, in elevated levels, may indicate cancer in the testis, ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, or lung
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human chorionic gonadotropin
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microscopic examination of cells collected from the vagina and cervix to detect abnormal changes
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papanicolau (pap) test
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blood test for substance produced only by the prostate; elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer in its early stages
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prostate-specific antigen
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process of removing tissue from living patients for diagnostic examination
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biopsy
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procedure of withdrawing cells from a lesion for examination with a fine needle on a syringe
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fine needle aspiration
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imaging scan in which a small amount of radioactive substance is injected into the vein; a machine measures levels of radioactivity in certain organs, which may indicate abnormal areas or tumors
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radionuclide scan
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removal and examination of the sentinel nodes, which are the first lymph nodes to which cancer cells are likely to spread form a primary tumor
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sentinel lymph node biopsy
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type of nuclear imaging test that shows how blood flows to tissues and organs; can help identify certain types of tumors
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single photon emission computed tomography scan
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removal of small oval core of skin for laboratory analysis using a sharp, hollow instrument
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punch biopsy
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removal of a sample of skin for laboratory analysis using a scalpel to slice the specimen from the site
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shave biopsy
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slide 46
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