Medieval Europe Ch. 15 – Flashcards
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Describe the lives of peasants in medieval Europe. Include how they lived, worked, religious practices, what they ate, and women's roles.
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1. lived in wood framed cottages 2. worked year-round 3. went to church on Catholic feast days 4. women worked in the fields and raised the children at the same time 5. women prepared the family's food 6. ate bread, vegetables, milk, nuts and fruit 7. drank ale
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Where did the Black Death originate from?
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central Asia
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TRUE or FALSE. During medieval Europe, jurors in a trial jury were always men.
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True
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is best known for combining Church teachings with the ideas of Aristotle;
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Thomas Aquinas
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the most powerful "mayor of the palace" that wanted to unite all the Frankish nobles under his rule
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Charles Martel
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disease that spreads quickly and kills many people
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plague
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nobles refused to obey him unless he agreed to guarantee certain rights;
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King John
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agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country
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concordat
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French peasant girl that told Charles, the prince who ruled southern France, that her favorite saints had urged her to free France;
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Joan of Arc
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crowned the Roman emperor by the pope which pleased him but also concerned him because he did not want people to think the pope had the power to choose who was emperor;
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Charlemagne
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to stop Anglo-Saxon revolts and to control his own soldiers, he gave land to his Norman knights who swore loyalty to him;
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William the Conqueror
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medieval business group formed by craftspeople and merchants
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guild
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set up courts throughout the empire;
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Charlemagne
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under feudalism, the land a lord granted to a vassal in exchange for military service and loyalty
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fief
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Christian struggle to take back the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims
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Reconquista
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to declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church
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excommunicate
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believed in education
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Charlemagne
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What right did a woman have after her husband died?
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to live in his house for forty days
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in feudalism, a noble who held land from and served a higher-ranking lord, and in return was given protection
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vassal
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in the Middle Ages, a noble warrior who fought on horseback
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knight
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The seas and rivers in Europe were important because they provided safety and opportunities for_____.
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trade
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What Germanic people settled the area known today as France?
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the Franks
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Two important farming inventions of the Middle Ages that made turning over soil faster were the horse collar and ____.
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the wheeled plow
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Medieval knights followed rules called the code of _____.
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chivalry
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believed that he should be king of England when Edward died;
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William the Conqueror
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steep-sided valley that is an inlet of the sea
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fjord
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In medieval towns, what did the townspeople pay to the lord in exchange for basic rights?
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taxes
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invaded Spain and gained control of the northeastern corner from the Muslims;
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Charlemagne
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everyday language used in a country or region
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vernacular
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Catholic worship service
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mass
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TRUE or FALSE. The Concordat of Worms forbade priests from providing Christian rituals to a group of people if their ruler did not obey the pope.
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False
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List five (5) reasons why monks were important.
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1. spread Christianity 2. schooled people 3. provided food 4. provided rest to travelers 5. offered hospital care for the sick
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What helped establish the idea that people have rights and that the power of government should be limited?
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the Magna Carta
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In 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or holy war, to be launched against the_____.
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Muslim Turks
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As medieval daily life revolved around the Church, priests ran the schools and_____.
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hospitals
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Who tried people accused of heresy?
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the Inquisition
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religious officials, such as priests, given authority to conduct religious services
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clergy
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The most important buildings during the 1100s were large churches called
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cathedrals
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The first European universities were created to educate and train_____.
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scholars
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The Black Death was carried and spread by_____.
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fleas
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What two (2) countries fought in the Hundred Years' War?
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France and England
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What could easily destroy buildings made of wood and closely spaced in medieval cities?
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fires
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TRUE or FALSE. Village churches often had no benches so villagers sat on the floor or brought stills from home.
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True
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took the first census in Europe since Roman times
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William the Conqueror
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defeated the Christians and captured Jerusalem in 1187
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Saladin
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king of the Franks that became a Catholic which won him the support of the Romans living in his kingdom
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Clovis
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king of the Franks that went to the aid of the pope when the Lombards tried to regain their territory;
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Charlemagne
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king of England in 1199 that raised taxes in England and punished his enemies without trials;
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King John
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one of the stronger kings of Germany who fought the Magyars and sent troops into Italy to protect the pope and was rewarded by being declared Roman emperor;
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Otto I
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pope from A.D. 590 to A.D. 604;
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Gregory the Great
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her faith stirred the soldiers and they took the city Orleans;
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Joan of Arc
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medieval way of thinking that tried to bring together reason and faith in studies of religion
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scholasticism
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ruler of Normandy;
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William the Conqueror
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TRUE or FALSE. Castles were often constructed on high ground or surrounded by moats to make attacks more difficult.
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True
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wanted all of Spain to be Catholic;
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Isabella of Castile
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king of France;
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Philip II
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Muslim ruler of Egypt the united Muslims and declared war against the Christian states the crusaders had built;
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Saladin
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the study of religion and God
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theology
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his territory became known as the Holy Roman Empire
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Otto I
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founded the first order of friars
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Francis of Assisi
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a Dominican friar and priest that was scholasticism's greatest champion;
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Thomas Aquinas
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married Ferdinand of Aragon and joined her lands with his to create one country called Spain;
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Isabella of Castile
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person who travels to carry the ideas of a religion to others
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missionary
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married Isabella of Castile and joined his lands with hers to create one country called Spain; wanted all of Spain to be Catholic; set up the Spanish Inquisition to free Spain of all Jews and Muslims
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Ferdinand of Aragon
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TRUE or FALSE. Venice, Italy was known for its woolen cloth.
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False, Flanders, Belgium
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Name a city added by Charlemagne in 814.
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Rome
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On what river is Tours, France located?
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Loire River
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What physical feature did Charlemagne cross to enter Itlay?
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the Alps
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hatred of Jews
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anti-Semitism
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What was a widow required to do if she wished to remarry?
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request permission
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made Aachen the capital of his empire;
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Charlemagne
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TRUE or FALSE. The War of the Roses was fought between nobles for the French crown.
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False, an English town.
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group that decided whether an accused person was innocent or guilty
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trial jury
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was forced to sign a document called the Magna Carta which took away some of the king's powers
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King John
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wanted all of Europe to become Christian and asked monks to become missionaries
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Gregory the Great
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cousin to King Edward of England;
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William the Conqueror
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went to war with England and conquered most of the English territories in western France
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Philip II
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belief that differs from or contradicts the accepted teachings of a religion
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heresy
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Name a Mediterranean island added by Charlemagne.
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Corsica
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a brilliant commander;
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Saladin
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political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals
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feudalism
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wrote about the government as well as theology
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Thomas Aquinas
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group that decided whether there was enough evidence to accuse a person of a crime
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grand jury
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was captured and burned at the stake by the English
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Joan of Arc
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TRUE or FALSE. Under the Magna Carta, the king could no longer collect taxes unless a group called the Great Council agreed.
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True
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invaded eastern Germany and defeated the Saxons living there and ordered them to convert to Christianity;
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Charlemagne
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peasant laborer bound by law to the lands of a noble
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serf
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set up the Spanish Inquisition to free Spain of all Jews and Muslims
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Isabella of Castile
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defeated his cousin, Harold, and was crowned the king of England;
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William the Conqueror
