Medical Terminology Urinary System – Flashcards
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kidneys
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two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances
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nephron
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urine producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million of these are located in each kidney
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glomerulus
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cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. The process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here
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renal pelvis
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funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter
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hilum
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indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney
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ureters
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two slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
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urinary bladder
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muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size
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urethra
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lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex.
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urinary meatus
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opening through which the urine passes to the outside
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cyst/o, vesic/o
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bladder, sac
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glomerul/o
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glomerulus
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meat/o
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meatus (opening)
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nephr/o, ren/o
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kidney
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pyel/o
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renal pelvis
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ureter/o
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ureter
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urethr/o
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urethra
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albumin/o
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albumin
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azot/o
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urea, nitrogen
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blast/o
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developing cell, germ cell
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glyc/o, glycos/o
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sugar
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hydr/o
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water
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lith/o
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stone
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noct/i
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night
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olig/o
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scanty, few
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son/o
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sound
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tom/o
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cut, section
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urin/o, ur/o
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urine, urinary tract
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-gram
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record, radiographic image
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-iasis, -esis
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condition
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-lysis
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loosening, dissolution, separating
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-megaly
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enlargement
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-ptosis
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drooping, sagging, prolapse
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-rrhaphy
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suturing, repairing
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-tripsy
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surgical crushing
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-trophy
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nourishment, development
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-uria
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urine, urination
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epispadias
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congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis
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hypospadias
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congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis; a similar defect can occur in female
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polycystic kidney disease
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condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged
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renal calculus
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stone in the kidney
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renal failure
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loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance
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renal hypertension
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elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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urinary retention
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abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate
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urinary suppression
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sudden stoppage of urine formation
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urinary tract infection (UTI)
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infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
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a noninvasive treatment for removal of kidney stones or ureteral stone. By using ultrasound and fluoroscope imaging, the stone is positioned at a focal point. Repeated firing of shock waves renders the stone into fragments that pass from the body into the urine
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fulguration
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destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method commonly used to destroy bladder growths)
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renal transplant
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surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney
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KUB
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a simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location. Also used to identify calculi in the kidney, ureters, or bladder, or to diagnose intestinal obstruction (also called flat plane of the abdomen)
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function. An increase in this may indicate renal dysfuction
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creatinine
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a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney functions
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specific gravity (SG)
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a test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys
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urinalysis (UA)
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multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen
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catheter
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flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids
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distended
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stretched out
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enuresis
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involuntary urination
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hemodialysis
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procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so
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incontinence
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inability to control bladder and/ or bowels
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micturate
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to urinate or void
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peritoneal dialysis
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procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in dialysis
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stricture
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abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture
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urinal
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receptacle for urine
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urinary catheterization
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passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
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urodynamics
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pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract
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void
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to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine
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ARF
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acute renal failure
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BUN
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blood urea nitrogen
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cath
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catheterization, catheter
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CRF
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chronic renal failure
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ESRD
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end-stage renal disease
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ESWL
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
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HD
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hemodialysis
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IVP
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intravenous pyelogram
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IVU
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intravenous urogram
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OAB
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overactive bladder
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SG
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specific gravity
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UA
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urinalysis
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UTI
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urinary tract infection
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VCUG
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voiding cystourethrogram
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azotemia
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condition of urea in the blood (also called uremia)
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cystitis
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inflammation of the bladder
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cystocele
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protrusion of the bladder
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cystolith
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stone in the bladder
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glomerulonephritis
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inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
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hydronephrosis
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abnormal condition of water in the kidney
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nephritis
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inflammation of the kidney
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nephroblastoma
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kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant tumor) (also called Wilms' tumor)
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nephrohypertrophy
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excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney
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nephrolithiasis
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condition of stone(s) in the kidney
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nephroma
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tumor of the kidney
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nephromegaly
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enlargement of a kidney
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nephroptosis
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drooping kidney
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pyelitis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis
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pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
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ureteritis
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inflammation of the ureter
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ureterocele
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protrusion of the ureter (distally into the bladder)
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ureterolithiasis
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condition of stones in the ureter
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ureterostenosis
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narrowing of the ureter
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urethrocystitis
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inflammation of the urethra and the bladder
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cystectomy
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excision of the bladder
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cystolithotomy
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incision of the bladder to remove a stone
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cystorrhaphy
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suturing the bladder
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cystomy, vesicotomy
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incision of the bladder
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lithotripsy
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surgical crushing of a stone
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meatotomy
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incision of the meatus
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nephrectomy
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excision of a kidney
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nephrolithotomy
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incision of the kidney to remove a stone
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nephrolithotripsy
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surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney
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nephrolysis
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separating the kidney (from other body structures)
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nephropexy
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surgical fixation of the kidney
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nephrostomy
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creation of an artificial opening into the kidney
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pyelolithotomy
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incision into the renal pelvis to remove a stone
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pyeloplasty
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surgical repair of the renal pelvis
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ureterectomy
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excision of a ureter
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ureterostomy
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creation of an artificial opening into the ureter
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urethroplasty
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surgical repair of the urethra
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vesicourethral suspension
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suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra
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cystogram
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radiographic image of the bladder
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cystography
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radiographic imaging of the bladder
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intravenous urogram
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radiographic image of the urinary tract (with contrast medium injected intravenously)
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nephrogram
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radiographic image of the kidney
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nephrography
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radiographic imaging of the kidney (also called a renogram)
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nephrosonography
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process of recording the kidney using sound
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nephrotomogram
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sectional radiographic image of the kidney
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renogram
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recording of the kidney (also called renal scan or nephrogram)
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retrograde urogram
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radiographic image of the urinary tract (retrograde means to move in a direction opposite from normal; contrast medium is instilled through urethral catheters by a cytoscope)
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voiding cystourethrography
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radiographic imaging of the bladder and urethra (Radiopaque dye is instilled in the bladder. Radiographic images called voiding cystourethrograms are taken of the bladder and during urination of the dye)
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cystoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the bladder
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cystoscopy
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visual examination of the bladder
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nephroscopy
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visual examination of the kidney
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ureteroscopy
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visual examination of the ureter
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urethroscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the urethra
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albuminuria
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albumin in the urine
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anuria
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absence of urine
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diuresis
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condition of urine passing through
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dysuria
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difficult or painful urination
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glycouria
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sugar in the urine
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hematuria
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blood in the urine
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meatal
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pertaining to the meatus
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nephrologist
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a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney
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nephrology
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study of the kidney
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nocturia
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night urination
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oliguria
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scanty urine
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polyuria
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excessive urine
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pyuria
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pus in the urine
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urinary
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pertaining to urine
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urologist
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a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract
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urology
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study of the urinary tract
