Medical Terminology Chapter 22 (Psychiatry) – Flashcards
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amnesia
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loss of memory
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anorexia nervosa
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eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight
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anxiety disorders
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characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior; examples are panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSD, and generalized anxiety disorder
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apathy
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absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement
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autism
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pervasive developmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior
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bipolar disorder
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mood disorder with alternating periods of mania and depression
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bulimia nervosa
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eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression
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compulsion
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uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly
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delirium
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confused thinking, disorientation, changes in alertness, difficulty paying attention, and fearfulness. This is usually a reversible impairment of thinking. Delirium tremens is associated with alcohol withdrawal
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delusion
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fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
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dementia
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loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgment, and reasoning as well as changes in personality
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depression
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major mood disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts
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dissociative disorder
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chronic or sudden disturbance in memory, identity, or consciousness; examples are multiple personality disorder, psychogenic disorders, amnesia, and fugue
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ego
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central coordinating branch of the personality of the mind; evaluates and assesses the reality of a situation; perceived as being "self" by the individual
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fugue
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flight from customary surroundings; dissociative disorder
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gender identity disorder
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strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex
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hallucination
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false sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things)
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id
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major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires
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labile
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unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change
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mania
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extreme excitement, hyperactive elation, and agitation. (suffix -mania means obsession)
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mood disorders
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prolonged emotion dominates a person's life; examples are bipolar and depressive disorders
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paranoia
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overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusions that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated
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paraphilia
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recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations
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personality disorders
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lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning
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pervasive development disorders
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group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills; autism and Asperger syndrome are examples
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phobia
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irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation
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psychiatrist
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Physician with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorder
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psychologist
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Nonmedical professional (PhD or EdD) specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease
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clinical psychologist
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providing testing and counseling services to patients with mental and emotional disorders
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experimental psychologist
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performing laboratory tests and experiments in a controlled environment to study mental processes
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social psychologist
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study of the effect of group membership on behavior and attitudes of individuals
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psychosis
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a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; often with delusions and hallucinations
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schizophrenia
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chronic psychotic disorder that may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative
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sexual disorders
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paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions
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somatoform disorder
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presence of physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorder such as depression
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superego
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internalized conscience and moral part of the personality; sense of discipline derived from parental authority and society
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electroconvulsive therapy
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electric current is used to produce changes in brain wave patterns with resulting convulsions and loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression. Modern techniques use anesthesia, so the convulsion is not observable
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anxi/o
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uneasy, anxious, distressed
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hallucin/o
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hallucination, to wander in the mind
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hypn/o
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sleep
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iatr/o
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treatment
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ment/o
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mind
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neur/o
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nerve
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phil/o
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attraction to, love
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phren/o
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mind
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psych/o
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mind
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schiz/o
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split
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somat/o
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body
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-leptic
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to seize hold of
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-mania
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obsessive preoccupation
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-phoria
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feeling, bearing
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-thymia
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mind
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AD
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Alzheimer disease
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ADHD
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attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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CA
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chronological age
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CNS
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central nervous system
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DT
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delirium tremens
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ECT
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electoconvulsive therapy
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IQ
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intelligence quotient
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MA
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mental age (as determined by psychological tests)
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MR
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mental retardation
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OCD
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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SAD
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seasonal affective disorder
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TAT
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Thematic Apperception Test (personality test); pictures are used as stimuli for making up stories
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WAIS
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
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psychotherapy
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psychological techniques for treating mental disorders (psychiatrist)
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psychopharmacology
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drug therapy (psychiatrists)
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IQ test
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Wechsler Adulat Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale
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Rorschach technique
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personality test in which inkblots are used to bring out associations
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dysphoria
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sadness, hopelessness; depressive mood, or feeling "low"
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euphoria
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exaggerated feeling of well-being ("high")
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mutism
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little speech and negative or minimal thoughts and behavior
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obsession
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an involuntary, persistent idea or emotion
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panic disorder/panic attack
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period of intense fear of discomfort in which symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes
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agoraphobia
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fear of being in open, crowded, public places from which escape would be difficult or in which help might not be available, or of going out alone in "unsafe" places
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social phobia
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fear of situations in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny, which could result in possible embarrassment and humiliation (ex. speaking in public, using public lavatories, or eating in public)
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obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
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recurrent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive acts (compulsions) that dominate the persons life
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Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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development of symptoms following exposure to a traumatic event
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
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chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings
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Hypomania
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mood resembling mania, but of lesser intensity
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Bipolar Disorder I
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one or more manic episodes, often alternating with major depressive episodes
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Bipolar Disorder II
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recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic epidsodes
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major depression
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involves episodes of severe dysphoria
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dysthymia (dysthymic disorder)
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depressive disorder involving depressed mood that persists over a 2-year period but is not as severe as major depression
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antisocial personality disorder
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no loyalty to or concern for others, and without moral standards; acts only in response to desires and impulses; cannot tolerate frustration and blames others when he or she is at fault
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borderline personality disorder
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instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self; characterized by alternating involvement with and rejection of people. Frantic efforts are made to avoid real or imagined abandonment
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histrionic personality disorder
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emotional, attention-seeking, immature, and dependent; irrational outbursts and tantrums; flamboyant and theatrical; having general dissatisfaction with the self and angry feelings about the world
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narcissistic personality disorder
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grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness and preoccupation with fantasies of success and power. Narcissism is a pervasive interest in the self with a lack of empathy for others
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paranoid personality disorder
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continually suspicious and mistrustful of other people but not to a psychotic or delusional degree; jealous and overly concerned with hidden motives of others; quick to take offense
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schizoid personality disorder
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emotionally cold and aloof; indifferent to praise or criticism or to the feelings of others; few friendships and rarely appears to experience strong emotions, such as anger or joy
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Schizophrenia (symptoms)
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chronic psychotic disorder that includes: delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder (loosening of associations), disorders of movement, flat affect, impaired interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world
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Schizophrenia (types)
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Catatonic type (mute and does not more or react to the outside environment), Disorganized type (exhibits disorganized speech and behavior and flat or inappropriate affect), Paranoid type (experiences prominent delusions of grandeur or persecution and auditory hallucinations), residual type (negative symptoms of flat affect, fatigue, withdrawal, and lack of motivation predominate)
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exhibitionism
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compulsive need to expose one's body, particularly to an unsuspecting stranger
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fetishism
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use on nonliving objects as substitutes for a human sexual love object
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sexual masochism
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sexual gratification is gained by being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer by another person
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sexual sadism
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sexual gratification is gained by inflicting physical or psychological pain or humiliation on others
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repression
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a defense mechanism in which a person removes unacceptable ideas or impulses from consciousness
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hypochondriasis
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preoccupation with body aches, pains, and discomforts in the absence of real illness
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psychological dependence
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compulsion to continue taking a drug despite adverse consequences
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physical dependence
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onset of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued abruptly
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tolerance
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declining effect of the drug so that the dose must be increased to give the same effect
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antianxiety and antipanic agents
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lessen anxiety, tension, and agitation (benzodiazepines--BZDs; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors--SSRIs)
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antidepressants
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SSRIs, Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, Tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antidepressants (Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors--SNRIs)
