Medical Terminology: Blood, lymph and Immune Systems – Flashcards
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aden/o
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gland
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agglutin/o
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clumping. gluing
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erythr/o
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red
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hem/o, hemat/o
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blood
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immun/o
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immune, immunity, safe
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leuk/o
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white
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lymph/o
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lymph
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lymphaden/o
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lymph gland (node)
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lymphangio/o
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lymph vessel
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morph/o
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form, shape, structure
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myel/o
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bone marrow; spinal cord
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kary/o, nucle/o
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nucleus
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onc/o
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tumor
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phag/o
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swallowing, eating
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reticul/o
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net, mesh
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sarc/o
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flesh (connective tissue)
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splen/o
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spleen
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thromb/o
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blood clot
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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tonsill/o
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tonsils
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jaund/o, xanth/o
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yellow
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-ation
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process of
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-emia
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blood condition
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-gen
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forming, producing, origin
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-graft
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transplantation
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-logist
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specialist in the study of
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-lysis
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separation; loosening; destruction
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-megaly
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enlargement
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-oma
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tumor
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-osis
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abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
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-pathy
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disease
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-penia
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decrease, deficiency
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-phil, -philia
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attraction for
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-phoresis
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carrying, transmission
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-phylaxis
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protection
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-poiesis
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formation, production
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-stasis
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standing still
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allo-
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other, differing from normal
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a-, an
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without, not
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ana-
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against; up; back
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aniso-
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unequal, dissimilar
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anti-
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against
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dys-
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bad; painful; difficult
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hyper-
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excessive, above normal
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hypo-
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under, below, deficient
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iso-
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same, equal
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macro-
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large
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micro-
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small
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mono-
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one
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poly-
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many, much
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Which organ helps control the immune system by transforming lymphocytes into T cells?
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Thymus
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Which two blood cells are found in lymph?
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Monocytes and lymphocytes
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Which prefix means unequal, dissimilar?
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aniso-
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Which term refers to an autoimmune disease that affects many organs and tissues?
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Multisystemic
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Which term means an ability to develop an immune response?
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Immunocompetent
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Which disease is characterized by an abnormal activation of plasma proteins that cause blood cells to agglutinate?
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation
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The type of lupus erythematosus that is limited to the skin is referred to as:
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Discoid
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Which diagnostic test identifies antibodies that attack the individual's own body cells?
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Antinuclear antibody
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Which laboratory test determines if the body properly absorbs Vitamin B12?
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Shilling test
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Which classification of drugs destroys bacteria, fungi and protozoa?
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Antimicrobials
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Neutropenia
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Unusually low number of neutrophils (WBC created in bone marrow), the cells in your body that attack bacteria and other organisms when they invade the body.
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What are Neutrophils?
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White Blood Cells (WBC) created in the bone marrow that attack bacteria and other organisms when they invade the body. They travel to the bloodstream and move to areas of infection. They also release chemicals to kill invading microorganisms.
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Thrombocytopenia
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Not having enough platelets in your blood, platelets help your blood clot to stop bleeding. Your antibodies, which are supposed to attack infections, instead mistakenly destroy your blood platelets.
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What is a Megakaryocyte?
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A large cell in bone marrow that fragments to produce blood platelets. Derived from hematopoietic stem cell precursor cells in bone marrow. They are primarily produced by the liver, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow.
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What does myeloid mean?
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Refers to any progenitor cell for granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes or platelets. Associated with the innate immune system. Originate in bone marrow or spinal cord
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What does Myelogenous mean?
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Refers to nonlymphocytic white blood cells
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Disease of lymph nodes
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lymphadenopathy
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Small blood cell
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microcyte
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Attraction to base (alkaline dyes)
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basophil
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Drug that dissolves blood clots
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thrombolytic
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Study of form, shape and structure
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morphology
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Resembling a gland
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adenoid
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Study of blood and blood-forming organs
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hematology
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Abnormal increase in white blood cells
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leukocytosis
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Study of serum
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serology
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Pertaining to a single nucleus
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mononuclear
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Standing still of blood
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hemostasis
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Disease of the thymus gland
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thymopathy
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Visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium
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lymphangiography
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Blood protein
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hemoglobin
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Foreign transplantation
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xenograft
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Cell that eats
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phagocyte
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AB, Ab, ab
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antibody, abortion
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A, B, AB, O
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blood types in ABO blood group
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AIDS
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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ALL
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Acute lymphocytic leukemia
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AML
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Acute myelogenous leukemia
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ANA
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Antinuclear antibody
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APC
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Antigen-presenting cell
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APTT
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Activated partial thromboplastin time
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BMT
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Bone marrow transplant
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CBC
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Complete blood count
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CLL
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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CML
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia
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DIC
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation
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diff
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differential count (white blood cells)
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DVT
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deep vein thrombosis; deep venous thrombosis
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EBV
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Epstein-Barr virus
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GVHD
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graft-versus-host disease
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eos
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eosinophil (type of white blood cell)
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Hb, Hgb
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hemoglobin
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HIV
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human immunodeficiency virus
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Igs
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immunoglobulins
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MNL
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mononuclear leuokcytes
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NK cell
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natural killer cells
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PCP
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Pneumocystitis pneumonia; Primary Care Physician
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PMN
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polymorphonuclear
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PMNL, poly
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polymorphonuclear leukocyte
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PT
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prothrombin time, physical therapy
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PTT
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partial thromboplastin time
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RA
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Right Atrium; rheumatoid arthritis
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RBC, rbc
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red blood cell
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segs
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segmented neutrophils
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SLE
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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WBC, wbc
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white blood cell
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anticoagulants
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Prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more clotting factors. Prevent DVT and postoperative clot formation and decrease the risk of stroke. Ex: Coumadin, Heparin sodium
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Antifibrinolytics
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Neutralize fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots. Are used to treat serious bleeding following certain surgeries and dental procedures, especially in patients with medical problems such as hemophilia. Ex: Amicar
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Antimicrobials
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Destroy bacteria, fungi and protozoa, depending on the particular drug, generally by interfering with the functions of their cell membrane or their reproductive cycle. HIV patients are commonly treated with these to prevent development of PCP. Ex: Bactrim, Septra, Flagyl
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Antivirals
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Prevent replication of viruses with host cells, are used in treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Ex: Combivir, Viracept
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fat-soluble viamins
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Prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from a lack of prothrombin, which is commonly caused by a Vitamin K deficiency. Ex: Vitamin K I Mephyton
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thrombolytics
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Dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands, are used to break apart (lyse), thrombi, especially those that obstruct coronary, pulmonary and cerebral arteries
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lymphoscintigraphy
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Introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions and locate the sentinel node. Also used to biopsy the lymph node, assess the stage of the cancer and determine the plan of treatment
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lymphangiography
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Visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system. Used to determine lymph flow in areas that contain malignancy
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Bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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Highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma
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Shilling test
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Test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs Vitamin B12 through the digestive tract.
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Prothrombin time (PT)
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Test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot; also called pro time. Used to manage patients receiving the anticoagulant Warfarin and also to evaluate liver function.
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monospot
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Nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that causes infectious mononucleosis.
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Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
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Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factors; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
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Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
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Test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual's own body cells (auto-antibodies). Presence of ANAs indicates the potential for autoimmunity and directs the physician to explore possible autoimmune diseases.
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Blood culture
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Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
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Sepsis
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Most serious form of bacteremia, is life-threatening and usually the result of an overwhelming infection in another area of the body
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
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Series of tests that hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts, platelet count; and differential (diff) count; also called hemogram
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Transfusion
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Infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another person (recipient)
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Aplastic anemia
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Form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure
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T cell that shuts down immune response
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suppressor
