Medical Terminology – Blood – Flashcards
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agglutination
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the clumping together of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins. agglutinin are used in blood typing and in identifying or estimating the strength of immunoglobulins or immune serum
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albumin
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a plasma protein. various albumins are found in practically all animal tissues and in many plant tissues. in blood, albumin helps to maintain blood volume and blood pressure.
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anaphylaxis
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an exaggerated, life threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen
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allergen
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a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body
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allergy
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a hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental
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anisocytosis
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an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size
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antibodies
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substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. each class of antibody is named for its action
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antigens
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a substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody
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ascites
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an abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes
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bilirubin
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the orange - yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span
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coagulation
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the process of transforming a liquid into solid, especially of the blood
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corpuscle
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any cell of the body; a red or white blood cell
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differentiation
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a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systematically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions and chemical properties
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dyscrasia
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an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukaemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility
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electrophoresis
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the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changed in an electric field. charged particles of a given substance migrate in a predictable direction an at a characteristic speed.
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enzyme
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an organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction
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erythremia
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An abnormal increase in the number of RBC
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erythroblast
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immature RBC
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erthrocytes
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mature RBC
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erythropoiesis
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the process of RBC production
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fibrin
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a stringy insoluble protein that is the substance of blood clot
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erythropoietin
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a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia. the hormone acts to stimulate and regulate the production of erythrocytes and is thus able to increase the oxygen - carrying capacity of the blood
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fibrinogen
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a plasma protein that is converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ion
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globim
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a group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin
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globulin
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a plasma protein made in the liver. globulin helps in the synthesis of antibodies
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hematologist
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a medical specialist in the field of hematology
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hematology
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the scientific study of blood and blood - forming tissues
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heme
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the pigmented, iron containing nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule. heme binds and carries oxygen in the RBC, releasing it to tissues that give off excess amounts CO2
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hemoglobin
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a complex protein - ion compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and CO2 away from the cells to the lungs
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hemolysis
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the breakdown of RBC and the release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a red cell
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hemorrhage
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a loss of a large amount of blood in ashort period of time, either externally or internally. it may be arterial, venous, or capillary
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hemostasis
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the termination of bleeding by mechanically or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction, platelet, aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis
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heprain
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a naturally occurring anti clotting factor present in the body
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hyperalbuminemia
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an increased level of albumin in the blood
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hyperbilirubinemia
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greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood
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hyperlipemia/ hyperlipidemia
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an excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by a lipoprotein lipase deficiency or a defect in the conversion of low - density lipoproteins.
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ion
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an electrically charged particle
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leukocytopenia
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an abnormal decrease in the number of WBC to fewer than 5 000 cells per cubic millimeter
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septicemia
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systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body
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serology
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the branch of a laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen - antibody reactions
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pancytopenia
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a marked reduction in the number of RBC, WBC, and platelets
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anemia
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describe a condition in which there is a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells because of a decrease in the quantity of hemoglobin or RBC
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alpastic anemia
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also called bone marrow depression anemia. it is characterized by panctopenia
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sickle cell anemia
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is a chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration
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granulocytosis
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is an abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety of inflammation or infection
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hemophilia
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involves different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding time
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multiple myeloma
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a malignant plasma cell neoplasm, multiple myeloma causes an increase in the number of both mature and immature plasma cells, which often entirely replace the bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure
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leukemia
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is an excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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bleeding time
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measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop
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blood transfusion
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an administration of blood or blood component to an individual to replace blood lost through surgery, trauma, or disease
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bone marrow biopsy
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the microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue, which fully evaluates hematopoiesis by revealing the number, shape, and size of the RBCs and WBCs and platelet precursor
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bone marrow transplant
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after receiving an intravenous infusion of aggressive chemotherapy or total body irradiation to destroy all malignant cells and to inactivate the immune system, a donors bone marrow cells are infused intravenously into the recipient
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complete blood count (CBC)
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a series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which inexpensively screens for problems in the hematologic system as well as several other organ systems
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hematocrit
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an assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume
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hemoglobin test
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concentration measurement of the hemoglobin in the peripheral blood. as a vehicle for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, hemoglobin levels provide information about the body's ability to supply tissues with oxygen
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lipid profile
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measures the lipids in the blood
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platelet count
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the count of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood 150, 000 - 400, 00/mm
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RBC count
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the measurement of the circulating number of RBC's in 1 mm of peripheral blood
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WBC count
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the measurement of the circulating number of WBCs in 1 mm of peripheral blood
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WBC differential
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is a measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in 1 mm of peripheral blood drawn fro the WVC count.
