Medical Self Assessment Exam 3 – Flashcards
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All of the following are health-related components of physical fitness, EXCEPT
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coordination
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding treating injuries with application of heat?
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It should be used to help reduce swelling.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding fluid balance during and after exercise?
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Thirst is a good indicator of how much you need to drink.
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For which of the following injuries is it usually NOT necessary to consult a physician?
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minor cuts and scrapes
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Your target heart rate for endurance exercise is a range based on your
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maximum heart rate
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Larry started a fitness program about 8 weeks ago. He runs 2 miles every day and does some weight training. He likes to use weight machines and focuses on 1 or 2 muscle groups each day. He could initially do 6 repetitions of most exercises in his program, and he can now do 15-20. Larry likes the initial improvement in his energy level and appearance since starting the program. He has noticed that his work in construction seems a little easier, too. However, Larry doesn't think he is getting as much benefit out of his program now as he did at the start of his fitness program. Larry isn't seeing as much improvement as he did initially because
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his body isn't as responsive to the level of exercise as it was initially.
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To develop a particular fitness component, you must perform exercises that are designed particularly for that component. This is referred to as
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specificity
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High levels of which of the following are associated with reduced risk of CVD?
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high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
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Larry started a fitness program about 8 weeks ago. He runs 2 miles every day and does some weight training. He likes to use weight machines and focuses on 1 or 2 muscle groups each day. He could initially do 6 repetitions of most exercises in his program, and he can now do 15-20. Larry likes the initial improvement in his energy level and appearance since starting the program. He has noticed that his work in construction seems a little easier, too. However, Larry doesn't think he is getting as much benefit out of his program now as he did at the start of his fitness program. Larry wants to increase his strength level further. Larry needs to
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increase the amount of resistance when weight training.
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Application of muscular force without movement is called _______________ exercise.
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isometric
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The best way to ensure consistency with an exercise program is to
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keep a training journal.
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Muscular strength is the
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amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort.
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Flexibility is best described as
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the ability to move the joints through their full range of motion.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding athletic injuries?
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Most injuries are neither serious nor permanent; seek medical attention for minor injuries that do not get better within a reasonable amount of time.
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An individual considering using dietary supplements or drugs to enhance performance should understand that
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the long-term effects of many supplements are unknown.
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Which of the following statements BEST describes the effect of endurance exercise on lipids?
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It increases HDL and decreases LDL.
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Exercise duration refers to
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the length of your exercise session.
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Cooling down after exercise is important to
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restore circulation to its normal resting condition.
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Larry started a fitness program about 8 weeks ago. He runs 2 miles every day and does some weight training. He likes to use weight machines and focuses on 1 or 2 muscle groups each day. He could initially do 6 repetitions of most exercises in his program, and he can now do 15-20. Larry likes the initial improvement in his energy level and appearance since starting the program. He has noticed that his work in construction seems a little easier, too. However, Larry doesn't think he is getting as much benefit out of his program now as he did at the start of his fitness program. All of the following can help Larry decrease his risk of injury, EXCEPT
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exercising at maximum heart rate during endurance training.
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One of the easiest ways to determine appropriate endurance exercise intensity involves measuring
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heart rate
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Recommended treatment of minor soft tissue injuries such as bruises includes all of the following, EXCEPT
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massage
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding exercise and disease prevention?
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Weight-bearing exercises provide women protection against osteoporosis. Regular exercise reduces the risk of stroke. Regular exercise reduces the risk of stroke, and w eight-bearing exercises provide women protection against osteoporosis. Correct: All of these statements are true. Exercise prevents the development of type 2 diabetes.
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The greater the amount of muscle mass, the
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higher the resting metabolic rate.
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Eating disorders in America affect
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mostly women
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Alan is somewhat surprised that he has gained a couple of pounds since coming to college. He has never had a weight problem. He was always active every day in high school sports. Alan admits that his eating habits probably aren't as good as they should be. Still, he eats only three meals a day and a snack at night. He doesn't snack between meals because he doesn't get hungry. The food servers in the cafeteria where he eats always give him generous servings of food. Alan isn't involved with any college sport, but he does play basketball with his friends occasionally. He also has a part-time job and has a full course load. Alan thinks he is more active in college than when he was in high school. In fact, he often feels rushed going to classes because of the distance between classroom buildings and the fact that most of his classes are on the third or fourth floor and he has to wait to get an elevator. What additional consideration would help Alan manage his weight? He should
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reduce portion sizes
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An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to eat enough food to maintain a reasonable body weight is
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anorexia nervosa
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To lose one pound, you need to create a negative energy balance of _____ calories.
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3500
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Fear of fat is most strongly associated with
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anorexia nervosa
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A person's ongoing internal comments about events happening to him and around him is called
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self-talk
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Prescription drugs are usually recommended only to people with a BMI over
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30
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Surgery for the severely obese is usually recommended only for individuals with a BMI over ______.
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40
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Dissatisfaction with body image and weight is associated least with
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below-average academic achievement.
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The amount of subcutaneous body fat in females is about ________ of total body weight.
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8-12 percent
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Adverse effects of ephedra include all of the following, EXCEPT
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lethargy
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A condition called the female athlete triad consists of all of the following, EXCEPT
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muscle dysmorphia
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What is the over-the-counter, lower dose version of the prescription fat-blocking drug Orlistat?
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Alli
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Which of the following patterns of eating is recommended for weight management?
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four to five small meals per day, including breakfast and snacks
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An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging is
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bulimia nervosa.
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A condition characterized by extreme dissatisfaction with appearance, body type, and/or body composition is
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body dysmorphic disorder
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Alan is somewhat surprised that he has gained a couple of pounds since coming to college. He has never had a weight problem. He was always active every day in high school sports. Alan admits that his eating habits probably aren't as good as they should be. Still, he eats only three meals a day and a snack at night. He doesn't snack between meals because he doesn't get hungry. The food servers in the cafeteria where he eats always give him generous servings of food. Alan isn't involved with any college sport, but he does play basketball with his friends occasionally. He also has a part-time job and has a full course load. Alan thinks he is more active in college than when he was in high school. In fact, he often feels rushed going to classes because of the distance between classroom buildings and the fact that most of his classes are on the third or fourth floor and he has to wait to get an elevator. The most likely cause of Alan's weight gain is
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reduced activity level
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A health problem associated with bulimia is
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teeth decay
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According to standards issued by the National Institutes of Health, a healthy BMI is between
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18.5 and 24.9.
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Exercise affects metabolic rate by doing all of the following, EXCEPT
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building strength during exercise.
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A person with a body mass index of 31.2 is classified as
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obese
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Alan is somewhat surprised that he has gained a couple of pounds since coming to college. He has never had a weight problem. He was always active every day in high school sports. Alan admits that his eating habits probably aren't as good as they should be. Still, he eats only three meals a day and a snack at night. He doesn't snack between meals because he doesn't get hungry. The food servers in the cafeteria where he eats always give him generous servings of food. Alan isn't involved with any college sport, but he does play basketball with his friends occasionally. He also has a part-time job and has a full course load. Alan thinks he is more active in college than when he was in high school. In fact, he often feels rushed going to classes because of the distance between classroom buildings and the fact that most of his classes are on the third or fourth floor and he has to wait to get an elevator. An initial step that Alan can take toward solving the problem contributing to his weight gain is to
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take the stairs, instead of the elevator, to class
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An example of a snack low in energy density is
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an apple
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Exercise alters blood fat levels by
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raising HDL levels.
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When cancer cells enter the lymph or blood system,
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they can form secondary tumors elsewhere.
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All of the following CVD risk factors can be changed, EXCEPT
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family history of CVD.
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Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and
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a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test.
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Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is recommended to screen for ____________ cancer
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colon and rectal
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The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body is called the
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aorta
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Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone, cartilage, or muscle are called
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sarcomas
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Cardiovascular disease in children is usually the result of
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congenital heart defect
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Obesity increases a persons risk of
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breast and colon cancers
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The type of stroke that is caused by a rupture of blood vessels is called
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hemorrhagic
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding STDs?
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STDs cannot be transmitted unless an infected person has symptoms.
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Meningitis is infection of the
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membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.
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Which of the following is considered a pathogen?
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prions bacteria protozoa bacteria and protozoa Correct: All of these choices are considered pathogens.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common complication of
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gonorrhea and chlamydia
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The organism that causes genital warts is
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HPV
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Examples of autoimmune disease include
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systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
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The herpes virus associated with infectious mononucleosis is
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
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The family of viruses that causes genital warts is
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human papillomavirus.
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A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that triggers the immune response is called a(n)
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antigen
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The herpes virus most often responsible for cold sores is
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HSV 1
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding older Americans?
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Most older Americans do not have any chronic diseases.
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Which of the following is a warning sign of arthritis?
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tenderness early morning stiffness swelling early morning stiffness and swelling Correct: All of these choices are warning signs of arthritis.
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The type of arthritis that typically affects the hands and weight-bearing joints of the knees, ankles, and hips is
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osteoarthritis
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A clouding of the lens in the eye that is a result from oxidation damage is called
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cataracts
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The term that means "having made no legal will" is
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intestate
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Active euthanasia is
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a deliberate act intended to end another person's life.
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What nearly universal piece of identification can be used to identify organ donors?
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driver's license
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The most common method of body disposal in the United States is
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burial or cremation
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Identifying, developing, or reaffirming sources of meaning and fostering hope is characteristic of Corr's dimension of __________ coping.
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spiritual
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Which of the following methods is the ONLY certain way of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?
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autopsy
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A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart is called a(n)
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electrocardiogram.
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Steps to prevent skin cancer include all of the following, EXCEPT
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using tanning salons instead of sunbathing.
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Treatment for congestive heart failure may include all of the following, EXCEPT
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increasing salt intake.
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Smoking is responsible for about ____ of ALL cancer deaths.
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30%
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A hemorrhagic stroke may occur as a result of
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an aneurysm.
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Which of the following is a treatment for heart disease?
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balloon angioplasty
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The largest artery in the body is the
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aorta
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The recommended level of LDL cholesterol for adults is
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less than 100 mg/dl
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An arrhythmia is
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an irregular heartbeat.
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How many chambers does the heart contain?
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four
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Damage to the heart muscle because of lack of blood supply is called
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myocardial infarction
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The most common type of heart valve disorder
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involves the mitral valve.
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Systole is the
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contraction of the heart
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Sustained high blood pressure is an indicator of
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excessive force being exerted against artery walls
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If an artery in a limb becomes blocked, it causes
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peripheral arterial disease.
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A cerebrovascular accident is another name for a
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stroke
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High blood pressure is a health risk when it is
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high most of the time.
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A characteristic of a skin lesion that may be a melanoma is one with a
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diameter greater than the diameter of a pencil eraser.
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Angina pectoris is caused by
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a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply.
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Whooping cough is a respiratory illness cause by the bacterium
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Bordetella pertussis.
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A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign organisms and infected, damaged, or aged cells, and that is particularly prevalent during the inflammatory response is a
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neutrophil.
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Obstacles to microorganisms entering the body include
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all of the above choices. enzymes. enzymes and antibodies. antibodies. cilia.
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The riskiest sexual activity for contracting HIV is
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being the receptive partner during unprotected anal intercourse.
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Viral encephalitis causes inflammation of the tissue in the
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brain
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Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of
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bacteria
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Immunization is based on the
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body's ability to remember an encounter with a specific antigen.
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In the immune response, the phase in which killer T cells strike at foreign cells and at cells of the body that have been invaded and infected is called
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cell-mediated immune response.
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Key components of a typical asthma attack include all of the following, EXCEPT
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anaphylaxis.
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Lyme disease is transmitted by a
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deer tick
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White blood cells are produced in the
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bone marrow
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding antibody-mediated immune response?
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Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses outside of body cells.
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Vaccines made from pathogens that have been killed in the laboratory, yet retain their ability to stimulate the production of antibodies, are used to provide protection against
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influenza
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Prions cause which of the following diseases?
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
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Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts belong to which classification?
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fungi
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Chlamydia infection is the leading cause of _______________ in men under age 35.
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epididymitis
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A comprehensive program that offers a set of services designed to support terminally ill patients and their families is termed
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hospice.
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Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function is called
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sacropenia
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Bill and Rosie have been happily married for 40 years. They have never spent more than two nights apart. Bill has been battling illness for the past three years, with Rosie providing most of his care at home. Bill is now in the end stage of terminal cancer, and Rosie has help from visiting professional caregivers. In the past few days, Bill's condition has deteriorated, and he has now stopped eating or drinking. The type of care Bill is receiving is best described as
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hospice care
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The process of removing blood and other fluids and replacing them with chemicals to temporarily retard deterioration of a corpse is termed
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embalming
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About what percentage of noninstitutionalized older Americans live with a spouse or relative?
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66 percent
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A condition of profound unconsciousness with no reasonable hope for improvement is known as
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a persistent vegetative state.
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One method of disposition of a corpse is to subject the body to intense heat, a process commonly known as
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cremation
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Individuals who reach their sixty-fifth birthday can expect to live _______ or more years longer.
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18
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When a physician administers medication to relieve severe pain in a terminally ill patient, and the medication also hastens the patient's death, the situation is called
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double effect
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Termination of metabolic processes is called _______________ death.
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cellular
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The gradual decline in the ability to focus on nearby objects that occurs as people age is called
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presbyopia
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Brain death is most reliably shown by flat tracings on a(n)
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electroencephalogram.
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Clinical death in humans is characterized by the absence of
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all of these choices. respiration. heartbeat and respiration. heartbeat. circulation.
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Which of the following is an early indicator of dementia?
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failure to grasp a situation
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Which one of the following is a goal of hospice care?
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to support the patient and family
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