Medical Bacteriology – Flashcards
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| Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS)is caused by? |
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| an Exfolative toxin |
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| Urinary Tract Infections are caused by? |
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| Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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| Nosocomial Infections (catheters) are derived from? |
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| Staphylococcus epidermis |
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| Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by? |
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| Staphylococcus entertoxin |
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| Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by? |
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| TSST - 1 |
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| Name the bacteria that have positive coagulase. |
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| Staphylococcus aureus |
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| Name the negative coagulase bacteria. |
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus Staphylococcus epidermidis |
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| Cocci in the form of clusters are called? |
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| Staphylococci |
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| Cocci that resemble a pearl necklace are called... |
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| Streptococci |
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| These cocci resemble a very short chain and can survive with or without oxygen (faculative). |
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| Enterococci |
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| What is meant by alpha hemolytic? |
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| is the partial breakdown of RBC's |
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| What do you call the complete breakdown of RBC's? |
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| beta hemolytic |
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| Name all of the aerobic gram positive bacteria. |
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Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus |
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| Name all of the anerobic gram positive bacteria |
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Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Clostridium perfringes Clostridium difficile |
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| Another name for pulmonary anthrax is ... |
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| Woolsorter's disease |
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What bacilli cause pulmonary anthrax and cutaneous anthrax |
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| Bacillus anthracis |
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| Bacillus cereus cause... |
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| Food poisoning (rice dishes) |
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| botulism is a ________ and causes________ |
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neurotoxin blurred vision, etc. and death |
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| Endocarditis is caused by |
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| Entercoccus faecalis |
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| neonatal meningitis is caused by |
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| Entercoccus faecium |
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| Group A streptococci are called |
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| Streptococcus pyogenes |
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| Group B Streptococci are called |
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| Streptococcus agalactiae |
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| Clostridium tetani causes... |
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| tetanus (lock jaw) |
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| gas gangrene and food poisoning are both caused by.. |
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| Clostridum perfringes |
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| What is the difference between HA MRSA and CA MRSA? |
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| HA MRSA is Hospital associated CA is Community Associated |
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| Streptococcus agalactiae causes... |
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neonatal sepsis obstetric infections |
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| What causes diptheria... |
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| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
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| Listeria monocytogenes |
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meningitis food poisoning |
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| What causes acne? |
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| Propionbacterium acne |
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| Name the types of Non-sporforming bacilli |
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Corynebacterium diptheriae Listeria monocytogenes Propionbacterium acne |
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| Name the gram negative cocci from the neisseria family |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis |
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| Neisseria meningitidis causes |
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meningitis meningococcemia |
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| Neisseria gonorrhoeae is causes |
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1. gonnorrhea 2. gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjuntivitis) |
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| scarlet fever is a |
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| erythrotoxin |
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae causes |
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| pneumococcal pneumonia |
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| Staphylococcus aureus causes... |
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pimples carbuncles impetigo scalded skin syndrome(SSS) toxic shock syndrome(TSST-1) staphylococcal food poisoning(entertoxin) |
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| Name the 2 types of Bacilli |
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Sporeforming bacilli Non-sporeforming bacilli |
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| Streptococcus pyogenes cause |
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streptococcal pharyngitis endocarditis scarlet fever rheumatic fever
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| Treponema pallidum causes... |
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| syphilis |
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| What does MRSA stands for? |
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| Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus |
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| Name the sporeforming bacilli.... |
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bacillus anthracis bacillus cereus clostridium botulinum clostridum tetani clostridium perfringes clostridium difficile |
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| Streptococci cause |
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Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus agalactiae |
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| what does MCV4 stand for.... |
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| Meninggeococcal Conjugate Vaccine |
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| which gram negative bacilli cause cholera (rice water stools 20L a day lost) |
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| Vibrio cholerae |
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| which bacilli cause ulcers |
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| Helicobacter pylori |
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| Escherichia coli |
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| salmonellosis (typhoid fever) has signs of spots on abdomen its true names is |
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| Salmonella s. typhi |
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| bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) is caused by... |
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| Shigella |
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| chronic alcoholics have this pneumonia |
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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| What does Campylobacter jejuni causes..... |
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| gastroenteritis |
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| burn infections are derived from... |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| Legionella pneumophila causes |
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| Legionnaire's disease (produced by pneumonia contracted through the air of A/C units |
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| what causes the plague..... |
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| Yersinia pestis |
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| Rickettsiae causes.... |
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| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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| Chlamydia trachomatis causes..... |
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trachoma NGU inclusions conjunctivitis |
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| Chlamydia psittaci (contracted from parrots) causes.... |
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psittacosis (parrot fever and pneumonia in humans)
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| Haemophilus influenzae type b causes ear infections in children otherwise known as.. |
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neonatal meningitis and pneumonia |
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| painful chancroids are caused by |
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| Haemophilus ducreyi |
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contagious conjunctivitis "pink eye" is derives from... |
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| Haemophilus aegyptius |
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| Bordetella pertussis causes.... |
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| "whooping cough" 2 stages - 1. catarrhal (mild common cold) and 2. paroxyseal (violent cough) |
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| Pseudomembrane colitis is caused by.... |
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| Clostridium difficile |
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| E.T.E.C. stands for..... |
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Entertoxigenic Escherichia coli in animals and humans, diarrehea with no fever |
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| E.I.E.C. stands for.... |
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Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli only in humans, profuse diarrehea and high fever |
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| E.H.E.C. stands for..... |
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Enterohemorrhagie Escherichia coli in humans, cattle, and goats. most famous type of 0157:H7 causes kidney failure, bloody diarrehea, and no fever |
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| Vibrio causes..... |
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| cholera |
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| Yersinia pestis causes... |
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| the plague |
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| Campylobacter jejuni causes..... |
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| gastroenteritis |
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| Klebsiella causes... |
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| pneumonia (chronic alcoholics) |
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| Shigella causes.... |
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bacillary dysentery Diarrhea (blood and mucus in stool) |
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| Corynbacterium diptheriae causes.... |
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| diptheria (causes bull neck)or swollen neck |
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| What vaccine is used to prevent meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis? |
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| MCV4 - meningococcal conjugate vaccine |
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| Antibiotic drops are instilled into the eyes of a newborn following birth to prevent this disease. |
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| neonatal conjuntivitis |
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| What is the genus and species responsible for neonatal sepsis, obsteric infections |
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| Staphylococcus agalactiae |
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| the genus and species responsible for Pneumonococcal pneumonia is |
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| Staphylococcus pneumoniae |
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| Pasteurella multocida is derived from.. |
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| animal bites |
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| a malignant pustule on the skin (boil like lesion that forms an ulcer w/black center without any pain |
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| cutaneous anthrax |
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| what does faculative mean? |
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| surviving with or without oxygen |
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| what does mycobacterium leprae cause |
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| leprosy (common name), Hansen's disease (technical name) |
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| what disease causes nodules to form as well as gross disfigurement? |
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| Hansen's disease |
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| what does VRE stand for? |
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| vancromycin resistant e. |
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| what genus and species causes the most virulent foodborne viruses due to the consumption of raw meat and unpasturized milk? |
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| Listeria monocytogenes |
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| what is mycology? |
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| branch of microbiology that studies of fungi |
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| diseases caused by fungi are called... |
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| mycoses |
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| name the 2 types of fungi |
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| yeast and mold |
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| what are hyphae |
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| long branching filaments of mold |
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| what do you call fungi that can grow as either mold or yeast? |
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| dimorphic fungi, grow as mold at 25 degrees C, and grow as yeast at 37 degrees C |
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| superficial mycoses is a type of mycoses caused by |
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| dermatophytes |
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| name the types of dermatophytes |
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| Epidermophyton,Microsporum, Trichophyton |
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| dermatophytes produce infections called |
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| ringworms or tineas |
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| what are subcutaneous infections |
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| infections that result from traumatic implantation of certain fungi into subcutaneous tissue (splinters, thorns, insect bites) |
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| names 2 types of systemic infections |
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| histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycoses |
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| candidiasis is causes |
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| candida albicans (yeast infection) 1. oral candidiasis (thrush), 2. vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)itching and discharge |
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| crytococcosis is causes by |
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| crytococcus neoformans |
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| Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci |
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| pneumoncystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), the first organism identified in those with AIDS. |
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| what is ringworm of the scalp cause |
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| Tinea capitis |
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| ringworm of the feet "athlete's foot" |
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| Tinea pedis |
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| ringworm of the beard is called |
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| Tinea barbae |
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| ringworm of the body |
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| Tinea corporis |
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| ringworm of the groin "jock itch" |
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| Tinea cruris |
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| ringworm of the palm of the hand |
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| Tinea manuum |
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| ringworm of the nails is called |
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| Tinea unguium |
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| the protazoa life cycles are characterized by 3 stages |
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| trophozoite (active feeding form) cyst (dormant stage) |
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| name all 4 classes of protazoa |
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| 1. Class Sarcodina (move by pseudopodia (amoebas)) 2. Class Mastigophora ( move by flagella) 3. Class Ciliata (move by cilia) 4. Class Sporozoa (nonmotile) |
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| name the different types of Sarcodina |
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| 1. Entamoeba hystolytica (amebic dysentery - blood and mucus in stool) 2. Naegleria fowlerii (primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)found in swimming pools and enters nose, crosses blood brain barrier and infects CNS (fatal) 3. Acanthamoeba (amebic keratitis - found in people that wear contact lenses) |
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| name the types of Mastogophora |
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| 1. Giardia lamblia ( giardiasis ) 2. Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis - frothy yellow green discharge) 3. Trypanosomes (african sleeping sickness - caused by bite from tsetse fly) |
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| name the types of Sporozoa |
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| 1. Plasmodium (malaria - anopheles -typically caused by mosquito) 2. Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis - caused by bacteria from cats and effects unborn child in pregnant women) 3. Cryptosporidium ( cryptosporodiosis - found in contaminated water) |
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| Mechanisms that allow parasites to resist host defenses |
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| 1. encystation - to be enclosed in a cyst or capsule 2. survival inside phagocytes 3. antigenic variation (the process by which an infectious organism alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response) |
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| lyme disease causes |
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| Borrelia burgdoferi (flea bite that spreads into large red spot) |
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| what is francisella tularensis or tularemia |
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| rabbit fever |
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| what bacteria can you obtain from eating infected meat from |
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| Brucella -agent , brucellosis - disease |
