MCQ Ch 4 – Flashcards
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Which of the following means an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way business is practiced?
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Cross-cultural literacy
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When Shop Smart opened its first super market in China it was unable to generate any sales. After conducting a research, it was understood that the local sales personnel found it difficult to communicate with the American store managers. In addition, Chinese consumers found it difficult to shop in the American way. Shop Smart's failure in China can be attributed to the lack of:
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cross-cultural literacy
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Which of the following statements is true about culture?
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Multinational enterprises can themselves be engines of cultural change
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In a social context, the term values is used to describe the:
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abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable
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In a society, actions of people directed toward one another are governed by a set of social rules called:
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norms
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Which of the following are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like?
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Folkways
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Which of the following exemplifies violation of folkways best?
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Failing to greet a person you know
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What is the difference between folkways and mores?
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Violating mores tends to bring more serious retribution than violating folkways.
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Which of the following best exemplifies violation of mores?
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Committing a financial fraud
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A difference in the attitudes of people toward time in different cultures is an example of which of the following in individual cultures?
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Folkways
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Which of the following statements is true of mores?
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Certain mores have been enacted into law
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Which of the following statements is true about most Western societies?
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The value systems of many Western societies emphasize individual achievement.
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Which of the following is a dimension of social structure that is particularly important when explaining differences between cultures?
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The degree to which the society is stratified into classes or castes
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Which of the following is an implication of high degree of managerial mobility in societies that emphasize individualism?
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Lack of company-specific experience, knowledge, and a network of contacts among managers
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In the context of social structure, American society is characterized by a low degree of:
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social stratification
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The United Republic emphasizes individual performance and achievements in every sphere of society. Which of the following statements is true about the society of this country?
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The employees in this country will lack loyalty and commitment to a company
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One of the downsides to the emphasis on individualism is that it:
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is difficult to build teams within an organization to perform collective tasks.
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Which of the following statements is true about the business implications of Japanese society?
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There is a low degree of movement from company to company among managers and workers
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When compared to American society, Japanese society lacks:
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dynamism and entrepreneurship.
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If a society emphasizes the group as the primary unit of social organization, it is most likely to:
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discourage employees from moving from company to company.
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Which of the following is a possible downside of emphasizing the primacy of group identification over individualism?
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It leads to a lack of dynamism and entrepreneurship.
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Which of the following statements is true about social stratification?
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Individuals are born into a particular social stratum.
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Which of the following is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime?
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Caste
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Which of the following statements is true about the class system in the United States when compared to the British class system?
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Successful individuals from humble origins are highly respected in American society.
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Which of the following refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background, and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes?
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Class consciousness
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Which of the following is most likely to be the result of high degrees of class consciousness in societies?
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Increase in the costs of production
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Which of the following is an ethical system that has influenced behavior and shaped culture in parts of Asia and is not considered as a religion?
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Confucianism
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Dharma, karma, and nirvana are terms related to:
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Hinduism
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Hindus see mobility between castes as something that can be achieved through:
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spiritual progression and reincarnation.
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What is the common aspect of the teachings of Hinduism and Buddhism?
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Both stress the afterlife and spiritual achievement rather than material progress.
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China Innovation Inc. is a devout follower of Confucian ethics. Hence, it hires people who live by similar principles. Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of this company?
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The cost of doing business will be low for those companies that enter into a business with it.
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In a Confucian culture, loyalty of the subordinates to their superiors should be:
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reciprocated by the superiors by bestowing blessings on them
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Which of the following Confucian ethics is central to the Chinese concept of guanxi?
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Reciprocal obligations
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A person seeking and receiving help through a guanxi network is:
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liable to a social sanction if he or she does not reciprocate when called upon.
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Which of the following statements best defines personal space?
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It is the comfortable amount of distance between you and someone you are talking with.
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Which of the following statements is true with regard to Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions?
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Members of high uncertainty avoidance cultures had a strong need for rules and regulations.
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According to Hofstede, in societies where which of the following was emphasized, ties between individuals were tight.
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collectivism
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Which of the following is a characteristic of high uncertainty avoidance cultures?
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They allow a manager to tightly control subordinates' initiatives.
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A country characterized with low uncertainty avoidance and low masculinity will:
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be less resistant to change and less distinguishing between men and women in the same job.
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Which of the following statements is true of Geert Hofstede's work on cultural dimensions?
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His work fails to consider that many countries have more than one culture.
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Which of Hofstede's dimensions focused on how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities?
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power distance
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Which of the following is a criticism of Hofstede's four cultural dimensions?
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Certain social classes were excluded from Hofstede's work sample.
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Hofstede's fifth dimension of Confucian dynamism captures:
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attitudes toward time, persistence, ordering by status, protection of face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of gifts and favors.
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Which of the following best exemplifies ethnocentrism?
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Bryan's belief in the superiority of his culture has resulted in conflicts with his colleagues from different countries.
