MCAT Psych AAMC FL1 – Flashcards
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when a concept is activated, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related to it. Thus, people often retrieve unpresented members of a category when tested on their memory for a series of presented concepts from that category
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spreading of activation theory
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categorical knowledge
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memory for locations is influenced by
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7-12
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Piaget's concrete operation stage (ages)
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focuses on the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior
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behaviorist
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increased sensitivity to internal bodily sensations, such as heartbeat and blood pressured, which are regulated by the autonomic nervous system
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interoceptive awareness
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in direct contact with eyelid
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cornea
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mechanoreceptors
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hair cells of the cochlea are specialized...
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actors attribute their own behavior to situational factors whereas observers attribute actors' behavior to dispositional factors
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actor-observer bias
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habituation - reduced responding to a repeating stimulus Researcher changing the stimulus will likely lead to dishabituation
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habituation/dishabituation
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optimal performance requires optimal arousal and arousal levels that are too high or too low impede performance --> a negative stereotype associated with one's identity increases arousal beyond what is optimal and leads to poor performance
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optimal arousal theory
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the effects of stereotype threat regarding their ethnic identity
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people whose ethnic identity is a central part of their self-concept would be more prone to..
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anxiety electrical conductivity of the skin
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sympathetic arousal is associated with... and could be measured by..
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in-group members than out-group members
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people are more likely to trust..
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people's response to various stressors is similar
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Selye's general adaption syndrome
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involved in motor tasks
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cerebellum
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people's attitudes toward some attitude object become more extreme after interacting with like-minded individuals
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group polarization
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the reinvestment in lower income neighborhoods in urban areas, which results from the influx of more affluent groups. With the arrival of more affluent residents, housing demand increases and generally results in a decrease of affordable housing for lower income residents.
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gentrification
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study measures what it is intended to measure
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validity
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the process of social integration and generally refers to when new members adopt the main elements of a culture. It is NOT an influence on health
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assimilation
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aka Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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linguistic relativity
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adhere to medical treatment, reduce harmful behaviors, cope with stressful events associated with improving health or reducing harm --> NOT avoid loneliness and boredom
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social support helps individuals to:
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5 and 9 items "magic number" 7 +/- 2 (George Miller)
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adults have a working memory capacity of:
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organizing single units into larger rows to hold more information in working memory. Requires effortful processing and involves selective attention and conscious effort
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chunking
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individuals often emulate the attitudes and behaviors of groups they admire and would like to join
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reference group
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memory for performance of particular types of action (ex. riding a bike)
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procedural memory
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the tension that results from competing demands within the context of a single role
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role strain
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the tension that results from competing demands within the context of different roles that a single individual holds
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role conflict
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physical boundaries create social boundaries and closed network which develop their own cultures
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effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic inequalities
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combining quantitative and qualitative approaches
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mixed methods study
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competition between groups over the allocation of societal resources. It assumes that power and authority are unequally distributed across a society, and that groups attempt to maintain their advantages
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conflict theory
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refers to closed status positions that hinder social mobility
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caste systems
