MasteringA&P Ch.19 Test – Flashcards
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Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?
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renal mechanisms
Long-term control of blood pressure is achieved through direct and indirect renal control mechanisms.
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Large diameter, thick-walled arteries that are close to the heart and act as pressure reservoirs would be __________.
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elastic arteries
Elastic arteries are thick-walled arteries near the heart. These arteries are the largest in diameter. Elastic arteries act as pressure reservoirs; they expand and contract as blood is ejected from the heart.
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Continuous capillaries are the most common capillaries in the body.
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true
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Bulk flow at capillaries is driven by osmotic pressure gradients.
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false
Bulk flow at capillaries is driven by hydrostatic pressure gradients being higher than osmotic pressure gradients at the proximal end of capillary beds.
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Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
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false
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The aorta carries blood __________ the __________ of the heart.
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away from; left ventricle
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Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise?
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kidneys
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The most permeable capillaries, which contain fenestrations and large intercellular clefts, are __________.
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Sinusoid capillaries are the most permeable type of capillary due to large intercellular clefts among their endothelial cells. These capillaries allow large molecules--even blood cells--to pass into the surrounding tissue. Sinusoid capillaries are found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and adrenal medulla.
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Which of the following is true about veins?
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Veins have valves; arteries do not.
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Which of the following is mismatched?
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veins: resistance vessels
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Toxic substances absorbed by the digestive system put stress on the liver because all of the blood from the digestive organs is drained by the __________.
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hepatic portal vein
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Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system?
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Blood flow is inversely proportional to the change in pressure in the blood vessels.
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Which of the following would NOT move by diffusion across a capillary endothelium to or from the surrounding interstitial fluid and tissues?
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proteins
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Which of the following hormonal effects is mismatched?
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Epinephrine decreases peripheral resistance by affecting blood vessel diameter.
Epinephrine increases peripheral resistance by causing vasoconstriction.
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Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe tissue perfusion in the cardiovascular system?
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Myogenic control is an example of extrinsic regulation.
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Decreased output from the vasomotor center allows arterioles and veins to constrict.
True
False
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fALSE
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Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow?
anemia
increasing blood vessel length
vasoconstriction
atherosclerosis
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anemia
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Blood from the lower limbs drains into the __________ before returning to the heart.
superior vena cava
abdominal aorta
thoracic aorta
inferior vena cava
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inferior vena cava
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At what point would we definitely NOT be able to measure the difference between systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure?
elastic arteries
arterioles
muscular arteries
capillaries
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capillaries
By the time blood reaches the capillaries, the pulsatile pressure differences would be unnoticeable.
