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Acta Diurna

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among the earliest newspapers were daily reports of the actions of the Roman Senate called...

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Corantos

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seventeeth-centruy one-page news sheets about events on the European continent, which were printed in English in Holland and imported into England by booksellers, were called;

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Diurnals

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Englishmen Nathanial Butter, Thomas Archer, and Nicholas Bourne published the first true forerunners of our daily newspaper in the 1640s, using the same title for consecutive editions. They called their news

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Broadsides

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single-sheet announcements or accounts of events imported from England and posted on walls in the American Colonies were called;

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Pennsylvania Gazette

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Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that financial independence, based on advertising sales and other nonofficial economic support, would lead to editorial independence for his newspaper, the;

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Peter Zenger

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in 1734, New York Weekly Journal publisher was jailed for criticizing that colony's royal governor. The charge was seditious libel, but when a jury freed him, it symbolized the colonial newspapers' independence from the crown

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Bill of Rights

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the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constiution are called;

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Alien and Sedition Acts

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The 1798 law made the illegal writing, publishing, or printings of any false, scandalous, and malicious writing about the president, Congress, or the federal government

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Wire Service

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in 1849, six large New York papers, including the Sun, Herald, and Tribune, decided to pool efforts and share expenses in collecting news from foreign ships docking at the city's harbor. In doing so they established the first;

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Yellow Journalism

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in 1883, Hungarian immigrant Joseph Pulitzer brought the Troubled New York Word. His readership was \"the common man\" and he succeeded in reaching readers with light, sensationalistic news coverage, extensive use of illustrations, and circulation-building stunts and promos. This brand of journalism became known as;

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pass-along

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When newspaper circulation figures include readers who did not originally buy the papers they read, they are said to include

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The Wall Street Journal

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the oldest national daily newspaper in the U.S. is

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USA Today

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the newest national daily newspaper in the U.S. is

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syndacites

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the feature services which do not gather and distribute news, instead they operate as clearinghouses for the work of columnists, essayists, cartoonists, and other creative individuals

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Agenda Setting

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the idea that relative story placement is one factor in ____, newspapers ability to influence not only what we think, but what we think about.

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First

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the press' guarantee of freedom, as well as all people's right to free speech, is set out in which amendment ot the U.S. Constitution

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the spread of the railroad

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The Postal Act of 1879 increased literacy and reduced cover prices, and ___ fueled the booming interest in mass circulation magzazines after the Civil War.

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Muckrakers

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in the first decades of the 20th Century, Theodore Roosevelt coined the term_____to describe writers who agitated for change by targeting powerful polictical and industrial people and institutions.

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W.E.B. DuBois

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The Crisis, first published in 1910 as the voice of National Association for the Advacement of Colored People, was founded and edited by noted African-American intellectual

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Colliers

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The year 1956 marked the beginnings of the death of mass circulation magazines. The first to cease publication was

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20,000

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Today, there are approximatley____magazines in operation in the U.S.

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Trade, professional, and business magazines

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carry stories, features, and ads aimed at people in specific professions and are distributed either by the professional organizations or by media companies like Whittle Communications and Time Warner

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Industrial, company, and sponsored magazines

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are produced by companies specifically for their own employees, cutomers and stockholders

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consumer magazines

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are magazines sold by subscription and at newstands, bookstores, and other retail outlets

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target audiences

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the magazine industry typically categorizes consumer magazines in terms of their

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20%

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what percentage of all U.S. advertising expenditures is given to magazines

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circulation

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the total number of sold issues of a magazine

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pass-along readership

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readers who neither subscribe to nor buy single copies of a magazine but who borrow or read one in a doctor's office or library

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Advertorials

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are ads that appear in magazines that take on the appearance of genuine editorial content

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an industrial, professional, or business

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the university magazine that you will recieve when you graduate is an example of

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a consumer

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when you read Vogue, Sports Illustrated, or Wired, you're reading

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Nearly all

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how many American consumer magazines maintain Web sites

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online editions of existing magazines and online-only magazines

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Online magazines are categorized in two ways,as;

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Split runs

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are special versions of a given issue of a magazine, in which editorial content and ads vary according to some specific demographic or regional grouping

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magalogue

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produced to look like a consumer magazine, a ___ is actually a mail-order catalog

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Audit Burea Company

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The ____ was established in 1914 to provide reliability to a booming magazine industry playing loose with self-announced circulation figures

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Circulation

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magazines price advertising space in their pages according to their

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Time

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was first published in 1923. its brief presentation of the weeks news in review was immediately popular, and it was making a profit within the year of its birth

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Controlled Circulation

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occurs when a magazine is provided at no cost to readers who meet a specific set of advertiser-attractive criteria. Free airline and hotel mags are examples

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Freedom's Journal

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the first African-American newspaper was _____, published in 1827 by John B. Russwurum and the Reverend Samual Cornish

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social movements like labor reform and abolition

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in the early 1800s, U.S. magazines began to less resemble their British forefathers, in large part because of uniquely American

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The North Star

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Frederick Douglass's_____, founded in 1847 was the masthead slogan \"Right is of no Sex\" Truth is of no color...., was the first influential African-American newspaper before the Civil War

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Chains

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in response to radio and magazines' challenge for advertising dollars, newspapers began consolidating into groups, known as _____. Hearst and Scripps among the most powerful, owning papers in different cities across the country

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Joint Operating Agreements

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permit failing paper to merge most aspects of its business with successful local competitor, as long as their editorial and reporting operations remain seperate

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Firewall

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Newspapers have traditionally kept their advertising and editiorial functions seperate. This is often referred to as

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50 million

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Approximatley how many daily newspapers are sold each day in the United States

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syndicates

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Newspaper horoscopes, chess and bridge columns, editorial cartoons, and comics are all material provided by

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fallen; declined

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Overall, levels of newspaper circulation have____for many years, and the amoung of time people spend reading the newspaper has___.

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the Chicago Defender

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the nationally distributed newspaper most responsible for encouraging the migration of southern black people to industrial centers of the North just after the turn of the 20th Centurey was

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suburban daily

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Long Islands Newsday is the 11th largest paper in the country with a circulation of nearly 377,500. It is classified as a _____newspaper

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Eadweard Muybridge

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in 1873, former California governor Leland Stanford employed which photographer to help him win his bet about running horses

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merchandise tie-in

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the linking of consumer products, such as toys and hamburgers, with popular movies is called

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persistence of vision

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people can see motion in rapidly moving pictures because of the physiological phenomenon known as

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Fatty Arbuckle

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adding to scandals that surrounded Hollywood in the 1920s was the arrest of actor _____for a murder in San Fransico

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Majors

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Studios financing their own films with their own money

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Joseph Nicephore Niepce

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the process of photography was first invented around 1816 by

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daguerreotype

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the process of recording images on polished metal plates covered with an emulsion of silver idoide is called

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Hannibal Goodwin

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celluloid roll film was developed in 1887

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Thomas Edison

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the first motion picture studio was built in new jersey by

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Black Maria

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the name of the first motion picture studio

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kinetoscope

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Edison's first films were projected but run through a peep show device called

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were short reproductions of reality shot in fixed frame

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the early films of Edison and the Lumiere brothers

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George Melies

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Narrative was first introduced to film by

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The Great Train Robbery

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the first film to utilize editing, intercutting of scenes, and moble camera to tell a story was

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Edwin S. Porter

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the first director to utlize editing, intercutting of scenes, and a mobile camera to tell a story was

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Paramount decision

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the 1948 Supreme Court decision that outlawed vertical integration is called the

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Trust

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in 1908, Thomas Edison united the 10 companies that held all the necessary patents for film production into the Motion Picture Patents Company, which was often simply called the

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Lights of New York

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the first all-sound movie, released in 1928

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Motion Picture Production Code

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the MPPDA established a set of guidelines for what was and was not acceptable in movied called the

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Double features; B movies

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____and _____ were two economic innovations that helped the movie industry survive the Depression

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vertical integration

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The control of a films' production, distribution, and exhibition by a movie studio is called

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major studios

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the majority of movies that make it to U.S. theater screens are produced by

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blockbuster mentality

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modern filmmaking characterized by reduced risk taking and formulaic movies is called

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concept fils

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movies that can be described in one line and are thus easy to promote and market are called.

Mass Media Test#2

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