question

INVOLVEMENT

answer

MEETING AND FINDING A PARTNER

question

***COURTSHIP

answer

THE PROCESS BY WHICH A COMMITMENT TO MARRIAGE IS DEVELOPED.

question

ARRANGED MARRIAGES

answer

WERE PARTNERS ARE DETERMINED, NOT BY THE BRIDE AND GROOM THEMSELVES, BUT BY THEIR FAMILIES.

question

***BLIND MARRIAGE

answer

A MARRIAGE IN WHICH NEITHERPARTNER SAW THE OTHER UNTIL THEIR WEDDING DAY.

question

BRIDE-PRICE

answer

A MAN MUST PAY MONEY OR PROPERTY TO THE FUTURE BRIDE'S FAMILY FOR THE RIGHT TO MARRY HER.

question

***DOWRY

answer

THE MONEY, PROPERTY, OR GOOD A WOMAN BRINGS TO THE MARRIAGE

question

***ELOPE

answer

RUN AWAY AND BE MARRIED SOMEWHERE ELSE.

question

FORCED MARRIAGE

answer

MARRIAGE IN WHICH THE BRIDE, GROOM, OR BOTH ARE COERCED TO MARRY AGAINS THEIR WILL AND UNDER DURESS THAT INCLUDES BOTH PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL PRESSURE.

question

***OPEN COURTSHIP SYSTEM

answer

A SYSTEM IN WHICH MOST OF US GENERALLY MAKE OUR OWN DECISIONS ABOUT CHOOSING OUR PARTNERS.

question

A RELATIONSHIP MARKET

answer

OR MARRIAGE MARKET--IN WHICH PROSPECTIVE PARTNERS COMPARE THE PERSONAL, SOCIAL, AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF ELIGIBLE MATES AND THEN BARGIN FOR THE BEST THEY CAN GET.

question

DATING

answer

IS THE PROCESS OF MEETING PEOPLE SOCIALLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF POSSIBLY FORMING AN EXCLUSIVE LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIP.

question

SOCIALIZATION

answer

IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH WE LEARN THE SKILLS WE NEED TO SURVIVE AS INDIVIDUALS ANDAS MEMBERS OF SOCIETY.

question

STATUS

answer

IS SOCIAL RANKING, ORTHE PRESTIGE ATTACHED TO A PARTICULAR POSITION IN SOCIETY.

question

HOMOGAMY

answer

THAT IS MARRIAGE BETWEEN PARTNERS OF SIMILAR EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CLASS, ETHNICITY, RACE, RELIGION, AND AGE.

question

***PROPINQUITY

answer

THEIR NEARNESS TO YOU IN PLACE AND TIME.

question

***ENDOGAMY

answer

THE CULTURAL EXPECTATION THAT A PERSON MARRIES WITHIN HIS OR HER OWN SOCIAL GROUP IN TERMS OF RACE, RELIGION, AND SOCIAL CLASS.

question

***EXOGAMY

answer

TO MARRY OUTSIDE YOUR FAMILY GROUP AND NOT PRACTICE SEX WITH A SIBLING.

question

INCEST

answer

SEXUAL RELATIONSBETWEEN PERSONS WHO ARE RELATED TO EACH OTHER.

question

***MARRIAGE SQUEEZE

answer

ONE SEX HAS A MORE LIMITED POOL OF ELIGIBLE MARRIAGE CANDIDATES THAN THE OTHER.

question

MATING GRADIENT OR marriage gradient

answer

REFERS TO THE TENDENCY FOR MEN TO MARRY DOWNWARD IN CLASS AND WOMEN TO MARRY UPWARD WITH RESPECT TO AGE, EDUCATION, AND OCCUPATIONAL SUCCESS.

question

Hypergamy

answer

the tendency to marry upward in class

question

Hypogamy

answer

the tendency to marry downward in class

question

OPEN FIELDS

answer

ARE SETTINGS IN WHICH PEOPLE DO NOT NORMALLY INTERACT AND SO POTENTIAL PARTNERS ARE NOT LIKELY TO MEET.

question

CLOSED FIELDS

answer

ARE SETTINGS IN WHICH PEOPLE ARE LIKELY TO INTERACT AND SO POTENTIAL PARTNERS MAY MEET.

question

BLIND DATE also known as a set up

answer

IN WHICH A COMMON FRIEND OR RELATIVE INTRODUCES TWO SINGLES WHO ARE UNKNOWN TO EACH OTHER.

question

VIDEO DATING SERVICE

answer

YOU ARE ALLOWED TO WATCH VIDEOS OF OTHER TALKING AND IN VARIOUS ACTIVITIES IN RETURN FOR ALLOWING OTHERS TO WATCH YOUR VIDEO.

question

MARRIAGE BUREAUS

answer

ARRANGE INTRODUCTIONS FOR A FEE.

question

MAIL-ORDER-BRIDES

answer

AGENCIES PUBLISH PROFILES AND PHOTOS OF WOEMN MAINLY FOR THE BENEFIT OF AMERICAN MEN SEEKING WIVES.

question

***ENGAGEMENT

answer

A PERIOD OF TIME THAT BEGINS WITH THE MARRIAGE PROPOSAL AND A FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THE COUPLE PLANS TO BE MARRIED.

question

HOOKING UP

answer

IS DEFINED AS A PHYSICAL ENCOUNTER THAT ALLOWS POSSIBLE SEXUAL INTERACTION--RANGING FROM KISSING TO HAVING SEX WITHOUT COMMITMENT. Often called friends with benefits.

question

THE NEGLECT RESPONSE

answer

IS A DESTRUCTIVE REACTION THAT TENDS TO OCCUR WHEN A PERSON IS NOT MUCH INVESTED IN THE RELATIONSHIP.

question

THE EXIT KIND OF RESOLUTION

answer

WITHDRAWING OR THREATENING TO WITHDRAW FROM A RELTIONSHIP.

question

THE LOYALTY KIND OF RESOLUTION

answer

CONSISTS OF CHOOSING TO STAY WITH ONE'S PARTNER DESPITE ANY PROBLEMS BUT MAKING NO ATTEMPT TO TRY TO RESOLVE THEM, HOPING THAT THEY WILL SMOOTH OUT OVER TIME.

question

THE VOICE RESPONSE

answer

IS THE CHOICE OF PEOPLE WHO VALUE THE RELATIONSHIP AND WHO ARE INVESTED IN IT BUT WHO FEEL THAT IT HAS PROBLEMS THAT NEED TO BE DISCUSSED.

question

Courtship: From Parental Decisions to the Relationship Marketplace

answer

meeting and finding a partner. Before serial dating and living together became popular, involvement was known as courtship, the process by which a commitment to marriage is developed.

question

Courtship: From parental decisions to the relationship marketplace. The closed courtship system: Arranged marriages

answer

In times in the past, and in many cultures of today, courtship is a closed system: Arranged Marriages--were partners are determined not by the bride and groom themselves but by their families.

question

Types of arranged marriages

answer

--Blind Marriage-found in China-marriage in which neither partner saw the other until the wedding day. --Bride Price and Dowry-in some non-western nations, an arranged marriage involves a Bride price-a man must pay money or property to the future bride's family for the right to marry her.. Alternatively the bride is required to provide a dowry-the money, property, or goods a woman brings to the marriage. A woman with a high value dowry is more sought after than one of a lesser dowry. --Elopement--when for some reasons the couple run off and get married. --Forced marriage-an extreme form of arranged marriage in which the bride, groom, or both are coerced to marry against their will and under duress that includes both physical and emotional pressure.

question

Courtship: From parental decisions to the relationship marketplace. The Open Courtship System: The Relationship Marketplace

answer

--People Seeking a Traditional Partnership--among people seeking traditional marriage partners, men might use their superior position in the economic system to offer financial security and status; women offer cooking skills and other domestic skills. --People Seeking an Egalitarian Partnership--an arrangement in which both partners play similar roles. This includes income potential, educational and social status, emotional support, sexual accessibility, and mutual willingness to share child-care and domestic responsibilities.

question

THE FUNCTIONS OF DATING

answer

Dating is the process of meeting people socially for the purpose of possible forming an exclusive long-term relationship.

question

DATING HAS A LEAST 6 FUNCTIONS

answer

1. Recreation 2. Companionship 3. Intimacy and sex 4. Mate selection 5. Socialization 6. Status achievement

question

Function of dating-recreation

answer

--dating is supposed to be fun

question

Function of dating-companionship

answer

--dating is a way of maintaining a friendship or friendships and of avoiding isolation

question

Function of dating-intimacy and sex

answer

--depending on age a person may date to find romantic intimacy or sexual intimacy. Many teenagers discover sex and sexuality in the course of dating.

question

Function of dating-mate selection

answer

--for many an important goal of dating is finding a mate. The more both partners in a dating relationship believe that it might lead to marriage, the more stable that relationship is.

question

Function of dating-socialization

answer

--socialization is the process by which we learn the skills we need to survive as individuals and as members of society. --When we reach puberty, dating helps socialize us to get along with members of the opposite sex.

question

Function of dating-status achievement

answer

--status is social ranking, or the prestige attached to a particular position in society. --for those coming into adolescence, dating enhances a person's status by showing others that he or she is more acceptable, more desirable, more grown up. this is especially so if one dates someone that is popular.

question

IS DATING A FILTERING PROCESS

answer

Some scholars believe that dating is a process of filtering out possible partners for the purpose of achieving homogamy-that is, marriage between partners of similar education and social class, ethnicity, race, religion, and age.

question

TYPES OF FILTERING: PROPINQUITY, ENDOGAMY, EXOGAMY

answer

PROPINQUITY--people who are nearby ENDOGAMY--people of the same social group EXOGAMY--people outside the family group

question

FACTORS AFFECTING ELIGIBILITY/AVAILABILITY: RACE, AGE, CLASS, RELIGION

answer

RACE--interracial dating AGE--the marriage squeeze SOCIAL CLASS--mating gradient RELIGION

question

Finding a Partner: The Likely Eligibles

answer

Besides personality characteristics, the most important elements encouraging partners to seek each other out and marry are residential propinquity, physical attractiveness, race and ethnicity,religion, socioeconomic status, and age.

question

RESIDENTIAL PROPINQUITY

answer

New York and New Mexico? Most of us choose partners from a limited geographical area--\"residential propinquity.\" That is, you are less likely to meet people who live far away from you.

question

PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS

answer

Beauty and the beast People tent to select partners whose physical attractiveness resembles their own. Physically attractive people are assumed to have other beneficial characteristics, such as sensitivity and good character.

question

RACE AND ETHNICITY

answer

Asian and Cajun? In 1997, about 97% of marriages were of partners from the same race, although interracial marriages are increasing. Intermarriage between ethnic groups is also increasing.

question

RELIGION

answer

Baptist and Buddhist? Despite opposition from most traditional religions, interreligious dating and marriage have increased--40% of Jews marry outside their faith and about 50% of Catholics do.

question

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (Class)

answer

Prince and Pauper? Most people choose partners from within their social class, who share similar educational background and attitudes. However, women sometimes marry up and men sometimes marry down.

question

AGE

answer

16 and 60? Americans tend to marry partners within the same age range, with in heterosexual couples the man generally being two to 3 years older than the woman. with large age differences, there are apt to be generational differences, such preferences about music, child rearing, and values.

question

FACTORS AFFECTING ELIGIBILITY/AVAILABILITY: RACE, AGE, CLASS, RELIGION One Dating Model:

answer

A three-stage filtering process: stimulus-values-roles --Filtering Stage 1--Stimulus --Filtering Stage 2--Values --Filtering Stage 3--Roles

question

Filtering stage 1 stimulus

answer

The first stage involves physical attraction. if no attraction this is the first filtering stage.

question

Filtering stage 2 values

answer

In the second stage, the 2 people compare their individual values to determine whether they are compatible--exp-agreement on personal ambition, child raising, political views. If they disagree filtered out

question

Filtering stage 3 Roles

answer

In the third stage, the two negotiate role compatibility. exp-how they will handle work, housekeeping, and leisure arrangements. If the disagree, filtered out

question

FACTORS AFFECTING ELIGIBILITY/AVAILABILITY: RACE, AGE, CLASS, RELIGION Another Dating Model: Is Commitment Relationship Driven or Event Driven?

answer

--The Relationship-Driven Couple--some couples go through filtering or relationship-driven process, with two growing in their commitment as they sort out their mutual preferences, values, goals, and roles. --The Event-Driven Couple--Other couples go through an event-driven process--the partners swing back and forth between commitment and ambivalence, often quite dramatically. They may have fights, separate, get back together. In the long run, this sort of process may lead to a less positive outcome for the relationship.

question

Close Dating Relationships and Personal Growth

answer

Does dating contribute to one's personal growth? One study say's it does. --using the definition that growth is an individual's perception of becoming closer to their ideals, the authors hypothesized that the more the partner loves an individual, the more growth the individual will subsequently experience. The study examined the growth that occurred during dating relationships over a 5 month period, on the assumption that dating relationships may be influential to an individual's life. The study concluded that the supportive assistance that individuals received from their dating partners and the love the partners reported for them indeed predict the growth that the individuals later experienced.

question

Four ways of meeting people

answer

personal introductions classified ads meeting online introduction services

question

Among the variations in dating are

answer

traditional courtship hanging out hooking up being joined at the hip dating in the workplace second-time-around dating.

question

FINDING A PARTNER AMID MASSES OF PEOPLE: --Open fields: Interaction Unlikely --Closed fields: Interaction Likely

answer

From the sea of humanity, how do you single out those who might make romantic partners? How do they become available to you? One way to analyze this is to distinguish between open and closed fields

question

Open Fields: Interaction Unlikely

answer

Open fields are settings in which people do not normally interact and so potential partners are not likely to meet. Examples are large university campuses, shopping malls, airports, athletic events, amusement parks. Because such pools of people are so large and anonymous, they discourage potential partners from meeting.

question

Closed Fields: Interaction Likely

answer

Closed fields are settings in which people are likely to interact and so potential partners may meet. University classes, parties, church groups, dormitories, friend's homes, and small workplace settings.

question

MEETING PEOPLE

answer

People meet people in all kinds of ways, however, today they might rely less on chance and more on rational means of meeting prospective partners-with a view toward reducing negative outcomes such as divorce and breakups.

question

FOUR METHODS OF MEETING PEOPLE

answer

1. Personal introductions 2. Classified ads 3. Meeting online 4. Introduction services

question

Personal Introductions

answer

A personal introduction by a third person might be considered the best way to meet because it suggests that someone already finds the pair perhaps compatible. A classic form is the blind date.

question

Classified Ads

answer

Besides permitting anonymity, the benefits of classified ads are that they save time and can expose one to numerous partners. Personal ads have at least two important characteristics. Women as sex objects and men as success objects.

question

Women as sex objects

answer

Men, who are twice as apt as women to place personal ads, tend to emphasize appearance and attractiveness in the women they seek.

question

Men as success objects

answer

Women are more apt to say that they are looking for men who are intelligent, professional, college-educated, and so on, while also stressing sensitivity and caring.

question

***METHODS OF MEETING PEOPLE Meeting on line

answer

Relationship websites take personal classified ads to another level by offering an opportunity to meet friends or partners online. There are two principle types of relationship or dating websites: online websites social networking websites

question

Online Dating Websites

answer

provide electronic forums that people may join in hopes of meeting compatible potential mates. Most dating sites charge a fee, are specialty sites, as for people of different political persuasions, religious beliefs, gays, African American, Asian's, Hispanics, Farmers, Mature adults. There are also adult dating sites that help users find on-night stands, swinger parties etc. Then there are niche dating sites for smokers, vegetarians, dog lovers etc.

question

Social Networking Websites

answer

are specifically designed for finding dates, but that is how they are being used. These websites let people build personal webpages to express their interests and display their personality.

question

Social Networking Websites Advantages

answer

--can expose one to a wide variety of potential partners --good for those who live in isolated circumstances --communication can be minimal before one needs to decide whether to continue or not. --you can get to know someone for qualities other than looks

question

Social Networking Websites Disadvantages

answer

--unless the two use webcam or video chat you do not have the nonverbal communication that can tell a lot about a person. --people tend to exaggerate --you might hit it off with someone who lives far away --can be dangerous

question

METHODS OF MEETING PEOPLE Introduction Services

answer

Introduction services do much the same thing as print and internet dating ads, they, for a fee, introduce people to each other. Variants of introduction services are video dating, marriage bureau, and mail-order bride services.

question

Video Dating Services

answer

here you are allowed to watch videos of other talking and in various activities in return for allowing others to watch your video.

question

Marriage Bureaus

answer

arrange introductions for a fee. These are more popular in other countries.

question

Mail-Order Brides

answer

they publish profiles and photos of women mainly for the benefit of American men seeking wives.

question

DEALING WITH PRINT AND ONLINE RELATIONSHIP ADS: ANONYMITY, INTIMACY AND SAFETY

answer

--Protect your identity until you're ready to reveal it. --Start slowly, exercise caution, and let others earn your trust. --Ask for a photo --Talk on the phone --If necessary, use verification services If you finally meet --Listen to your instincts --Meet somewhere safe

question

VARIATIONS IN DATING

answer

--Traditional Courtship: From Dating to Engagement --On campus Today: Hanging Out, Hooking Up, and Joined at the Hip. --Dating in the Workplace --Second-Time-Around Dating

question

VARIATIONS IN DATING --Traditional Courtship: From Dating to Engagement

answer

Dating-going steady-engagement-marriage Engagement--the period of time that begins with the marriage proposal and a formal announcement that the couple plans to be married. They average 12 to 16 months in duration. Sign of Commitment--when you become engaged now you set the date, and arrange the wedding. Preparing to Expand Family ties--engagement means that you and your partner are signaling your intentions to expand your kinship circle.

question

VARIATIONS IN DATING --On campus Today: Hanging Out, Hooking Up, and Joined at the Hip, long-distance dating.

answer

Among college-age men and women, the idea of going steady, becoming engaged, and getting married seems to be virtually archaic. There is no true courtship today, the date is all but dead. Instead what is happening is 'hanging out\", \"hooking up\", or \"joined at the hip\", with little in between. And then there is long-distance dating.

question

Hanging out

answer

--spending time in unstructured groups together --also called pack dating, students socialize in un-partnered groups.

question

Hooking up

answer

--is defined as a physical encounter that allows possible sexual interaction ranging from kissing to have sex without commitment. --often called \"friends with benefits\" --Marc Regnerus suggest that hooking up is the result of 3 trends: 1. more women than men on campus 2. a more sexual society 3. a reluctance to make relationship commitments. --The women competing with each other for access to the men.

question

***Joined at the hip

answer

--also called the college marriage --opposite of hooking up, couples do everything with each other.

question

Long-distance dating

answer

--one study found that as many as half of college students are in long-distance dating. About 1/3 of these relationships end within 3 months of moving to the same town, perhaps because of the loss of autonomy each once had.

question

VARIATIONS IN DATING --Dating in the Workplace

answer

Americans work an average of 47 hour per week, often in work teams and on joint projects, which provides more opportunity for office dating. Some firms take the position that office romances are none of their business unless they occur between supervisors and their employees, where sexual harassment issue may arise.

question

VARIATIONS IN DATING --Second-Time-Around Dating

answer

--For the single parent, the divorced, the widowed, and singles over age 65 dating has special challenges, especially if the person has children.

question

COURTIN?

answer

Unlike the more structured dating and engagement patterns of past generations, the relationship of college students today range from the casually intimate (hooking up) to unstructured handing out to the seriously attached (joined at the hip).

question

BREAKING UP IS HARD TO DO

answer

Which gender more readily falls in love?--men Which gender falls out of love?--female It speculated that one reason is that women are more sensitive than men about relationship's emotional nuances, such as rapport. Because they have higher standards on what they feel love should be, they are quicker to breakup a relationship.

question

Reasons couples break up

answer

--can range from boredom to betrayal, from geographic separation to parental pressure, from meeting someone new to returning to an old lover. --for college students one study found \"too many differences/different values, followed by cheating and dishonesty.

question

How breakups occur during the course of a year

answer

--most are announced on Mondays --right before spring break --right before Christmas --at the beginning of summer with this study the reasons they gave for the breakups lost interest; cheating; distance; nonapproval of parents/friends; complicated

question

FOUR WAYS OF REACTING TO A DETERIORATING RELATIONSHIP CARYL RUSBULT'S EXIT-VOICE-LOYALTY-NEGLECT MODEL

answer

--The Neglect Response: \"Just Let the Relationship Go Ahead and Fall Apart.\" --The Exit Response: \"We Have to End Our Relationship\" --The Loyalty Response: \"Let's Just Stick It Out Despite Any Difficulties\" --The Voice Response: \"We Need to Talk about Improving Our Relationship\"

question

***FOUR WAYS OF REACTING TO A DETERIORATING RELATIONSHIP --The Neglect Response: \"Just Let the Relationship Go Ahead and Fall Apart.\" The most immature

answer

--The neglect response is a destructive reaction that tends to occur when a person is not much invested in the relationship, doesn't want to deal with any problems in it, and is willing to let the partnership simply wither away. --This is more typical with men --starts with chronic complaints, frequent criticism, refusal to discuss difficulties, and spending less time with the partner until the relationship dies.

question

***FOUR WAYS OF REACTING TO A DETERIORATING RELATIONSHIP --The Exit Response: \"We Have to End Our Relationship\"

answer

--The exit kind of resolution--withdrawing or threatening to withdraw from a relationship. --Tends to happen with young people who have been involved for only a short period of time. --It's often the choice of those who are dissatisfied with or are only minimally invested in a relationship.

question

FOUR WAYS OF REACTING TO A DETERIORATING RELATIONSHIP --The Loyalty Response: \"Let's Just Stick It Out Despite Any Difficulties\" This is a passive but constructive response

answer

--The loyalty kind of resolution consists of choosing to stay with one's partner despite any problems but making no attempt to try to resolve them, hoping that they will smooth out over time. --Often the response favored by older people who have been together a long time, and it is also often more the choice of females than of males.

question

***FOUR WAYS OF REACTING TO A DETERIORATING RELATIONSHIP --The Voice Response: \"We Need to Talk about Improving Our Relationship\" The most mature approach to dealing with relationship problems

answer

--The voice response is the choice of people who value the relationship and who are invested in it but who feel that it has problems that need to be discussed. The response seems to indicate a willingness to change things about the relationship--one's own behavior; the partner's behavior, or both. --used by females more than males --is an active, constructive response --It can lead to talking, seeking compromises, going for counseling, and trying to change oneself or the partner

question

ENDING A RELATIONSHIP

answer

--The rejections that often accompanies romantic heartbreak can activate the same regions of the brain that are activated when people experience physical pain. --The process of falling out of love is equally as natural as that of falling in love. --For some, the painful breakup of a love relationship can led to what is called as \"loved addiction,\" when a person obsessively seeks to regain the pleasurable state that existed when in love. --The distrust, feelings of rejection, loss of self-worth, and feelings of failure, loss and anger in the emotionally hurt person are all feelings that must be dealt with. --Those that overestimated how badly they would feel are those who felt more in love and less likely to jump into a new relationship .

question

ENDING A RELATIONSHIP If Your Partner Breaks Up with You

answer

Rejection, is there anything worse than the pain that stems from being rejected by someone you love? How do you get over it? If you are the one being let down, don't spend a lot of time speculating about why. Put distance between yourself and the other and consider the following: --Can you accept that the pain of rejection is natural? --What steps can you take to stop thoughts about the other person? --What can you do to raise your self esteem

question

ENDING A RELATIONSHIP If You Break Up with Your Partner

answer

You may think that it would be easier to be the one who initiates the termination of a relationship, but it's almost as difficult as being on the receiving end. Be gentle and honest, don't promise to try to \"work it out\". Some questions to consider --Are you really sure you want to break up--that the relationship can't be improved? --Can you be honest and accept that your partner will be hurt? --Can you put off \"just being friends\" and terminate the relationship completely.

question

***EACH YEAR, APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY AMERICANS ENTER INTO A ROMANCE WITH A FELLOW EMPLOYEE?

answer

10 MILLION

question

***IN A ________, MOST PEOPLE GENERALLY MAKE THEIR OWN DECISIONS WHEN CHOOSING PARTNERS

answer

OPEN COURTSHIP SYSTEM

question

***FILTERING MATE SELECTION BASED ON THEIR NEARNESS TO YOU IN PLACE AND TIME IS

answer

PROPINQUITY

MARRIAGE AND FAMILIES CHAPTER 4

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards