Management Information Systems Final Exam-Gary Templeton – Flashcards
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Transaction
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Any business event that generates data worth capturing and storing in a database.
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ERP II Systems
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Interorganizational ERP systems that provide Web-enabled links between key business systems (such as inventory and production) of a company and its customers, suppliers, distributors, and others.
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Enterprise application integration (EAI) system
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A system that integrates existing systems by providing layers of software that connects applications together.
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Key-indicator reports
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Reports that summarize the performance of critical activities.
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Ad-hoc (on-demand) reports
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Nonroutine reports that often contain special information that is not included in routine reports.
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Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
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An Information system that integrates various automated factory systems
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Exception reports
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Reports that include only information that exceeds certain threshold standards.
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Comparative reports
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Reports that compare performances of different business units or time periods.
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Routine Reports
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Reports produced at scheduled intervals.
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Functional area information systems (FAISs)
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A system that provides information to managers (usually mid-level) in the functional areas, in order to support managerial tasks of planning, organizing, and controlling operations.
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems
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Information system that takes a business process view of the overall organization to integrate the planning, management, and use of all of an organization's resources, employing a common software platform and database
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Drill-down reports
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Reports that show a greater level of detail than is included in routine reports.
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Trans-border data flow
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The flow of corporate data across nations' borders.
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Batch processing
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TPS that processes data in batches at fixed periodic intervals.
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Best practices
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The most successful solutions of problem-solving methods for achieving a business outcome.
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Natural language processing (NLP)
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Communicating with a computer in the user's native language.
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Neural network
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A system of programs and data structures that approximates the operation of the human brain.
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Decision support systems (DSS)
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Business intelligence systems that combine models and data in an attempt to solve semistructured and some unstructured problems with extensive user involvement.
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Goal-seeking analysis
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Study that attempts to find the value of the inputs necessary to achieve a desired level of output.
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Virtual reality
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Interactive, computer-generated, three-dimensional graphics delivered to the user through a head-mounted display.
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Sensitivity analysis
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The study of the impact changes in one (or more) parts of a model have on other parts.
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Online analytical processing (OLAP)
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The process of performing complex, multidimensional analyses of data stored in a database or data warehouse, typically using graphical software tools.
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Data mining
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The process of searching for valuable business information in a large database, data warehouse, or data mart.
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Decision room
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A face-to-face setting for a group of DSS in which terminals are available to the participants.
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What-if analysis
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The study of the impact of change in the assumptions (input data) on the proposed solution.
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Productivity
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The ratio between the inputs to a process and the outputs from that process.
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Multidimensional data analysis
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The process of performing complex, multidimensional analyses of data stored in a database or data warehouse, typically using graphical software tools.
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Geographic information system
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A computer-based system for capturing, integrating, manipulating, and displaying data using digitized maps.
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Management
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A process by which organizational goals are achieved through the use of resources.
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Turing test
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A test for artificial intelligence in which a human interviewer, conversing with both an unseen human being and an unseen computer, cannot determine which is which; named for English mathematician Alan Turing.
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Model (in decision making)
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A simplified representation, or abstraction, of reality.
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Intelligent systems (IS)
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A term that describes the various commercial applications of artificial intelligence.
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Digital dashboard
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A business intelligence system that provides access to timely information and direct access to management reports.
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Corporate performance management
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The area of business intelligence involved with monitoring and managing an organization's performance, according to key performance indicators (KPIs) such as revenue, return on investment (ROI), overhead, and operational costs.
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Natural language generation
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Technology that enables computers to produce ordinary language by "voice" or on the screen so that people can understand computers more easily. (also voice synthesis)
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Business intelligence (BI)
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Information systems that assist managers in decision making by allowing extensive, user-driven data analysis via a variety of modeling techniques, or by providing easy, intuitive access to structured information.
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Natural language understanding
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The ability of a computer to comprehend instructions given in ordinary language via the keyboard of by voice. (also speech or voice recognition)
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Organizational decision support system (ODSS)
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A DSS-BI system that focuses on an organizational task or activity involving a sequence of operations and decision makers.
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Artificial intelligence (AI)
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A subfield of computer science concerned with studying the thought processes of humans and representing the effects of those processes via machines.
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Group decision support system (GDSS)
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An interactive computer-based system that supports the process of finding solutions by a group of decision makers.
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Logical system design
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Design Abstract specification of what a computer system will do.
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Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
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Traditional structured framework, used for large IT projects, that consists of sequential processes by which information systems are developed.
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Direct conversion
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Implementation in which the old system is cut off and the new system is turned on at a certain point in time.
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Application portfolio
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The set of recommended applications resulting from the planning and justification process in application development.
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Project
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A short-term effort to create a specific business-related outcome.
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Systems analysis
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The examination of the business problem that the organization plans to solve with an information system.
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Request for proposal (RFP)
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Document that is sent to potential vendors inviting them to submit a proposal describing their software package and how it would meet the company's needs.
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Systems analysts
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IS professionals who specialize in analyzing and designing information systems.
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Project management
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A directed effort to plan, organize, and manage resources to bring about the successful achievement of specific information systems goals.
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Programmers
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IS professionals who modify existing computer programs or write new computer programs to satisfy user requirements.
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Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
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Development approach that uses specialized tools to automate many of the tasks in the SDLC; upper CASE tools automate the early stages of the SDLC, and lower CASE tools automate the later stages.
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Rapid application development (RAD)
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A development method that uses special tools and an iterative approach to rapidly produce a high-quality system.
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IT strategic plan
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A set of long-range goals that describe the IT infrastructure and major IT initiatives needed to achieve the goals of the organization.
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Systems design
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Describes how the new system will provide a solution to the business problem.
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Outsourcing
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Use of outside contractors or external organizations to acquire IT services.
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Service level agreements (SLAs)
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Formal agreements regarding the division of work between a company and its vendors.
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Integrated CASE (ICASE) tools
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CASE tools that provide links between upper CASE and lower CASE tools.
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Programming
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The translation of a system's design specifications into computer code.
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Prototyping
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Approach that defines an initial list of user requirements, builds a prototype system, and then improves the system in several iterations based on users' feedback.
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Agile development
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A software development methodology that delivers functionality in rapid iterations, measured in weeks, requiring frequent communication, development, testing, and delivery.
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Application service provider (ASP)
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An agent or vendor who assembles the software needed by enterprises and packages them with outsourced development, operations, maintenance, and other services.
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Object-oriented development
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A systems development methodology that begins with aspects of the real world that must be modeled to perform a task.
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Systems stakeholders
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All people who are affected by changes in information systems.
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Physical system design
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Design Actual physical specifications that state how a computer system will perform its functions.
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Prototype
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A small-scale working model of an entire system or a model that contains only the components of the new system that are of most interest to the users.
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Scope creep
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Adding functions to an information system after the protect has begun.
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Feasibility study
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Investigation that gauges the probability of successor a proposed project and provides a rough assessment of the prefect's feasibility.
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Phased conversion
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Implementation process that introduces components of the new system in stages, until the entire new system is operational.
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IS project management
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A directed effort to plan, organize, and manage resources to bring about the successful achievement of specific information systems goals.
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Implementation
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The process of converting from an old computer system to a new one.
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Technical specialists
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Experts on a certain type of technology, such as databases or telecommunications.
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Three constraints of project management
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Time, cost, and scope.
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IT steering committee
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A committee, comprised of a group of managers and staff representing various organizational units, set up to establish IT priorities and to ensure that the MIS function is meeting the needs of the enterprise.
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Joint application design (JAD)
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A group-based tool for collecting user requirements and creating system designs.
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Component-based development
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A software development methodology that uses standard components to build applications.
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Pilot conversion
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Implementation process that introduces the new system in one part of the organization on a trial basis; when the new system is working properly, it is introduced in other parts of the organization.
