Management 14-18 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is called
answer
organizational behavior.
question
Which of the following refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success
answer
Organizational citizenship
question
____ refers to a positive attitude toward one's job
answer
Job satisfaction
question
Roy is a top executive at a cigarette manufacturing company who believes that cigarettes are dangerous products and they kill people. This condition can be described as
answer
cognitive dissonance
question
The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called
answer
perception
question
Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process?
answer
Organizing the selected data into patterns
question
____ is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention.
answer
Perceptual selectivity
question
Which of the following refers to the tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people?
answer
Projection
question
Which of the following refers to the tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces?
answer
Locus of control
question
Individuals who believe that they control their own destiny are described as having a
answer
high internal locus of control
question
Jason has been unemployed for three months. When his wife asked him why he was not looking for a job, Jason responded, "If I am lucky, I will get my old job back." Jason would be considered as having a(n)
answer
external locus of control
question
People with an external locus of control are
answer
easier to lead
question
Which of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain?
answer
Machiavellianism
question
Research shows that ____ are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.
answer
high Machs
question
Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these EXCEPT
answer
relaxed lifestyle
question
____ is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals.
answer
Leadership
question
Which of the following refers to the highest level in a hierarchy of manager capabilities?
answer
Level 5 leadership
question
Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called
answer
consideration and initiating structure.
question
The key assumption of Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory is that subordinates vary in their
answer
readiness level.
question
Hersey and Blanchard are responsible for which theory
answer
Situational theory
question
Charismatic leaders are often ____ than transactional leaders
answer
less predictable
question
Some of the key characteristics associated with charismatic leaders include
answer
a. visionary skills. b. communication skills. c. motivation skills. d. all of these.
question
power comes from organizational structure and promotes stability, order, and problem solving within the structure.
answer
Position
question
____ power comes from personal sources that are not as invested in the organization, such as personal interests, goals, and values.
answer
Personal
question
Which of the following is the power coming from a formal management position in the organization?
answer
Legitimate power
question
____ power is based in the ability of the leader to do such things as recommend promotions
answer
Reward
question
Which of the following types of power is vested in the manager's ability to punish employees?
answer
Coercive
question
Which of the following types of power stems from a leader's special knowledge?
answer
b. Referent power c. Legitimate power d. Coercive power e. None of these( answer)
question
Referent power depends on the leader's .
answer
personal characteristics
question
A fire that ignites followers" is used to describe which leadership characteristic?
answer
Charisma
question
Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?
answer
Motivation
question
____ refers to a reward given by another person.
answer
An extrinsic reward
question
____ is an example of an intrinsic reward
answer
An employee's feelings of self-worth
question
Which of the following is a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs?
answer
Hierarchy of needs theory
question
Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?
answer
Compensation needs
question
Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs?
answer
Esteem
question
____ describe the most basic human physical needs, including food, water and oxygen
answer
Belongingness needs
question
Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?
answer
Belongingness needs
question
According to Maslow, the highest order needs are
answer
self-actualization needs
question
According to Herzberg, ____ is an example of a hygiene factor
answer
pay
question
Which of the following is based on the relationships between effort, performance, and outcomes?
answer
Expectancy theory
question
Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement?
answer
Avoidance learning
question
Which of these refers to the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future?
answer
Extinction
question
____ systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.
answer
Job rotation
question
Which of the following combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job?
answer
Job enlargement
question
What percentage of a manager's time is spent in direct communication?
answer
80 percent
question
Communication is defined by the text as the process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people, usually with the intent to motivate or
answer
influence behavior
question
Which of the following, in the communication process, has the responsibility to decode the symbols and interpret the meaning of the message?
answer
Receiver
question
____ and ____ are potential sources for communication errors, because knowledge, attitudes, and background act as filters.
answer
Decoding, encoding
question
____ refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode
answer
Channel richness
question
Which of these is the richest medium for communication?
answer
Face to face contact
question
Which of the following comprises the lowest channel richness?
answer
Bulletins
question
The term ____ is defined as "an individual's level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication."
answer
communication apprehension
question
____ is defined as communication transmitted through actions and behaviors rather than through words.
answer
Nonverbal communication
question
Which of the following is the most familiar and obvious flow of formal communication?
answer
Downward communication
question
Many organizations use suggestion boxes, open door policies, and surveys to facilitate
answer
upward communication
question
Upward communication is usually used to communicate information about all of the following EXCEPT
answer
indoctrination.
question
____ is the acquisition and cultivation of personal relationships that cross departmental, hierarchical, and even organizational boundaries.
answer
Personal networking
question
Messages that convey data or statistics or simply put into words what managers already agree on and understand are referred to as:
answer
Routine messages
question
During breaks at work, Albert and Daphne talk occasionally about the problems that they are working on at work, in hopes that they can help each other out. This is an example of what type of organizational communication?
answer
Lateral communication
question
Which of the following is a component of a team?
answer
A performance goal is shared between team member
question
A functional team is also referred to as a(n):
answer
command team.
question
Which of the following refers to a formal team composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise?
answer
A horizontal team
question
A ____ is a group of employees from different departments formed to deal with a specific activity and existing only until the task is completed.
answer
Task force
question
Which of the following teams are created outside the formal organization structure to undertake a project of special importance or creativity
answer
Special-purpose
question
Which of the following teams are described as a team that uses computer technology and groupware so that geographically distant members can collaborate on projects and reach common goals
answer
Virtual
question
What is the ideal size of work teams?
answer
Five
question
Which of the following is the first stage of team development?
answer
Forming
question
The forming stage of team development is characterized by
answer
orientation
question
During which stage of team development should the team leader help clarify team roles, norms, and values?
answer
Norming
question
Which of the five stages of team development is marked by conflict and disagreement
answer
Storming
question
During the ____ stage, the team leader should encourage participation by each team member
answer
storming
question
During which stage of team development does team unity emerge?
answer
Norming
question
Dale's work team is beginning to resolve its conflicts and consensus is developing on such things as members' roles. Dale's team is in which stage of team development?
answer
Norming
question
During the ____ stage of team development, the major emphasis is on task accomplishment.
answer
performing
