MAN2021 Final Set 1 (Ch’s 1-3) – Flashcards
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The economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is known as
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sustainability Sustainability is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
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Which type of nonprofit organization offers services to all clients within its jurisdiction?
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Commonweal One particular type of nonprofit organization is called the commonweal organization. Unlike nonprofit service organizations, which offer services to some clients, commonweal organizations offer services to all clients within their jurisdictions. Examples are the military services, the U.S. Postal Service, and your local fire and police departments.
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The defining difference between an entrepreneur and an intrapreneur is that the latter
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works within an existing organization, using its resources to exploit an opportunity. An entrepreneur is someone who sees a new opportunity for a product or service and launches a business to try to realize it. An intrapreneur is someone who works inside an existing organization who sees an opportunity for a product or service and mobilizes the organization's resources to try to realize it.
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Which of the following is the most likely payoff of studying management as a discipline?
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You will understand how to relate to and interact with your supervisors and co-workers. A few of the payoffs of studying management as a discipline include understanding how to deal with organizations from the outside, understanding how to relate to your supervisors and co-workers, and understanding how to manage yourself in the workplace.
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The essence of the classical viewpoint is that
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a rational approach can be used to boost productivity. The essence of the classical viewpoint is that work activity is amenable to a rational approach, that through the application of scientific methods, time and motion studies, and job specialization it is possible to boost productivity.
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Finding ways to deliver new or better goods or services is called
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innovation. Finding ways to deliver new or better goods or services is called innovation. No organization, for-profit or nonprofit, can allow itself to become complacent, especially when rivals are coming up with creative ideas. "Innovate or die" is an important adage for any manager.
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Milton Friedman would have agreed with which of the following statements about social responsibility?
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A company will become distracted from its task to maximize profits when it practices social responsibility. Friedman represents the view that "the social responsibility of business is to make profits." Unless a company focuses on maximizing profits, it will become distracted and fail to provide goods and services, benefit the stockholders, create jobs, and expand economic growth, which is the real social justification for the firm's existence.
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The term learning organization was coined by
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Senge Learning organizations, says Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Peter Senge, who coined the term, are places "where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning how to learn together."
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Which of the following is an example of a decisional role that managers play?
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Resource allocator In their decisional roles, managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportunities. The four decision-making roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
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An ethical _________ represents employee's perceptions about the extent to which work environments support ethical behavior.
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climate An ethical climate represents employees' perceptions about the extent to which work environments support ethical behavior. It is important for managers to foster ethical climates because they significantly affect the frequency of ethical behavior.
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After the disastrous oil spill in the gulf, many consumers decided to avoid BP products, many even joining a popular "Boycott BP" Facebook page. Stuart runs an independent BP gas station in Louisiana and his business suffered from this consumer response. In this instance, boycotters would be considered a ______, part of the gas station's ______ environment.
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special-interest group; task Special-interest groups are groups whose members try to influence specific issues, some of which may affect your organization. One tactic they may use is to organize picketing and boycotts by holding back their patronage of certain companies, as these boycotters did of BP.
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Jessica is an employee in a manufacturing plant who works the graveyard shift, midnight to 8 a.m. One night, she saw one of her managers dumping some chemicals down a storm drain in the parking lot. When she confronted him, he said this was standard procedure for some waste materials to avoid other costly disposal measures. When Jessica wrote a letter about it to the local newspaper she was a(n)
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whistle-blower A whistle-blower is an employee who reports organizational misconduct to the public, such as health and safety matters, waste, corruption, or overcharging of customers.
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According to Deming, quality stemmed from a steady focus on the organization's mission and
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reduction in production variation. Deming believed that quality stemmed from "constancy of purpose," a steady focus on an organization's mission, along with statistical measurement and reduction of variations in production processes.
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Setting goals and deciding how to achieve them is called
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Planning Planning is defined as setting goals and deciding how to achieve them.
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The primary measure of success of a nonprofit organization is typically
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the effectiveness of the services delivered In a nonprofit organization, although income and expenditures are very important concerns, the measure of success is usually the effectiveness of the services delivered.
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The development of Google News by Google employees experimenting with ways to facilitate browsing news from several sources is an example of
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intrapreneurship
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Managers who implement the policies and plans determined of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them are called
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middle managers
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Systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints are part of the ________ perspective.
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contemporary The contemporary perspective consists of three viewpoints: systems, contingency, and qualitymanagement. (See Figure 2.2.)
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A U.S. paper mill purchases wood from a Canadian logging company to make wood pulp in its production of paper, so in this case the logging company is a
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supplier A supplier is a person or an organization that provides supplies like raw materials, services, equipment, labor, or energy to other organizations.
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Aziz immediately halted production at his facility after seeing a report indicating the last batch had a high level of product defects, and restarted work only when the problem was discovered and fixed. Aziz is engaged in which management function?
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Controlling Controlling is defined as monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action as needed.
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Customers lined up for hours to be among the first to purchase the new iPad. The excitement for the product would be considered ______ in the system.
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Feedback Feedback is information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affects the inputs. Are the customers buying or not buying the product? That information is feedback.
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Among the recommendations of Mary Parker Follett was that
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integration should occur in organizations when conflicts arise. One of Mary Parker Follet's important contributions to management theory was that conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties, a process she called integration
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What is recommended to improve corporate governance
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Ensuring that directors are clearly separated in their authority from the CEO Now more attention is being paid to strengthening corporate governance so that directors are clearly separated in their authority from the CEO. While directors are not supposed to get involved with day-to-day management issues, they are now feeling more pressure from stockholders and others to have stronger financial reporting systems and more accountability.
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Only about a fifth of American managers reach which level of personal moral development?
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Postconventional Kohlberg has proposed three levels of personal moral development: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
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Omar is a human resources manager for a large landscaping and exterior construction company called Northwest Patios. A local news station has just done a story on several dissatisfied customers and their complaints of shoddy work. Omar has had two other media outlets contact him this morning too. Based on research on the effects of such publicity, Omar should expect that
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both rates of candidates accepting job offers and employee retention will slide. One survey indicated that 83% rated a company's record of business ethics as "very important" when deciding whether to accept a job offer; only 2% rated it as "unimportant." Another survey found that 79% of employees said their firms' concern for ethics was a key reason they remained. David
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David is an architect, and the steps he takes in designing and drawing commercial buildings would be considered which part of his organization's system?
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A transformation processes
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Which of the following is not a part of Frederick Taylors's work in scientific management?
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Hierarchy of human needs Taylor did motion studies, proposed a differential rate system, and believed he could raise productivity through eliminating soldiering. Maslow is credited with the hierarchy of human needs.
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Shareholders at Chesapeake Energy were most concerned about what corporate governance issue when they sued the company?
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Executive compensation
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Travis, an accounting manager at a hospital equipment company, has just attended software training where he learned new processes that could benefit his staff. On the plane home he began planning how he would train everyone in order to help the department reach its goals. Travis's approach is most characteristic of what type of organization?
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A learning organization. an organization that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge. It can acquire knowledge by devoting significant resources to training. Transferring knowledge can be improved by reducing barriers to information sharing.
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The United Way and Nature Conservancy are examples of which type of organization?
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Nonprofit organizations' purpose is to offer services to some clients, not to make a profit. Examples of such organizations are hospitals, colleges, and social-welfare agencies (e.g., the Salvation Army, the Red Cross).
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Fairness in hiring practices is an example of an organization's
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values - the relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's behavior, such as the belief that fairness means hiring according to ability, not family background.
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According to Mintzberg's work, which of the following is one of the three broad types of roles that managers play?
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Interpersonal He concluded that managers play three broad types of roles or "organized sets of behavior": interpersonal, informational, and decisional.
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When a manager at a software company is determining whether to hire more full-time programmers or possibly more temporary ones, he is engaged in
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organizing - arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work. Organizing includes determining the tasks to be done, by whom, and what the reporting hierarchy is to be.
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McDonald's ability to deliver food quickly and inexpensively has its roots in which management theory?
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Classical viewpoint - work activity is amenable to a rational approach, that through the application of scientific methods, time and motion studies, and job specialization it is possible to boost productivity. Indeed, these concepts are still in use today, the results visible to you every time you visit McDonald's or Pizza Hut.
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Which of the following approaches is characteristic of a manager using the contingency viewpoint?
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Assessing the characteristics of particular situation before deciding what to do. The contingency viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to, or be contingent on, the individual and the environmental situation. Thus, the manager that assesses a particular situation and decides what to do is using a contingency viewpoint.
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The music industry has been changed dramatically by consumers' ability to download songs from the Internet. This is an example of ______ forces in an organization's ______ environment.
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technological; general Technological forces are new developments in methods for transforming resources into goods or services. They are part of the organization's general environment.
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The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production is called
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quality control.
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Of the following, which is one of the functions of management described by Fayol?
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Coordinating He was the first to identify the major functions of management of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, as well as coordinating.
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Which of the following is believed to have contributed to the Pacific Gas and Electric natural gas pipeline explosion in 2010?
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Inspection crew incentives that encouraged false reporting.
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A good reason for studying theoretical perspectives of management is that it
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provides clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions. Studying management theory provides understanding of the present, a guide to action, a source of new ideas, clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions, and clues to the meaning of outside events.
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Even though the Russian government is inefficient in the way it collects taxes, it is still an example of a(n)
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system - a set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose, even when it does not work well.
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Derrick is a clinic director running a downtown Chicago facility for a large nonprofit health organization. He receives most of his strategic direction from the organization and supervises several department managers in his workplace. Derrick is a
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middle manager They implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them. One title in nonprofit organizations may be "clinic director" for example.
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Over her years as a manager, Rose has had a very diverse group of employees; some were very interested in the financial rewards the company offered while others really would prefer extra time off or even to be recognized at the monthly department meetings. Rose should consider the ______ viewpoint of management in this case.
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contingency - emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to, or be contingent on, the individual and the environmental situation.
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Inflation is an example of ______ forces in an organization's general environment.
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economic These forces consist of the general economic conditions and trends like unemployment, inflation, interest rates, economic growth that may affect an organization's performance.
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In considering a large-scale layoff, a manager performs a cost-benefit analysis and determines that profits will be greatest if she proceeds. She is using the ______ approach to guide her decision regarding an ethical dilemma.
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utilitarian This behavior is guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Managers often take the utilitarian approach, using financial performance such as efficiency and profit as the best definition of what constitutes "the greatest good for the greatest number."
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________ forces are influences and trends originating in human relationships and values that may affect an organization.
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Sociocultural - forces are influences and trends originating in a country's, a society's, or a culture's human relationships and values that may affect an organization
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The American epidemic of obesity among U.S. youth is an example of which external force?
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Sociocultural The U.S. obesity rate is one of those sociocultural forces capable of altering entire industries.
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Scientific and administrative management are part of the ________ viewpoint.
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classical - emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently, had two branches: scientific and administrative
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Colin takes notes at executive council meetings and prepares summaries to present to middle managers and supervisors at a monthly meeting. This task is part of a(n) _______ role.
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disseminator Workers complain they never know what's going on if a supervisor fails in the role of disseminator. Managers need to constantly disseminate important information to employees, as via e-mail and meetings
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Which of the following statements about a code of ethics is most true? * Codes of ethics typically prohibit bribes unless it is the accepted way of doing business in a foreign country. * Most codes of ethics offer guidance on how to treat stakeholders. * A code of ethics is rarely a written document but instead an informal understanding between people who work for a particular organization. * The purpose of a code of ethics is to keep top management out of jail. * Workforce diversity is not covered in a code of ethics; instead it is usually covered in a separate diversity code.
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Most codes of ethics offer guidance on how to treat stakeholders. A code of ethics consists of a formal written set of ethical standards guiding an organization's actions. Most codes offer guidance on how to treat customers, suppliers, competitors, and other stakeholders. The purpose is to clearly state top management's expectations for all employees. Most codes prohibit bribes.
