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Alliteration

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The repetition of initial consonant sounds.

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annotation

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a comment, explanation, or presentational markup attached to text, image, or other data.

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counter-claim

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A claim that negates or disagrees with the thesis/claim.

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rhetorical strategy

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an approach of how to express yourself +in terms intended to persuade or impress

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analysis

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Breaking down of ideas, concepts, or texts into the parts that make them up and considering how those parts function together as a whole.

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logic

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The science of correct reasoning; correctly using facts, examples, and reasons to support the point.

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exposition/expository writing

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Writing that explains.

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persuasion

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Writing that is meant to change the way the reader thinks or acts.

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conventions

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the mechanical correctness of the piece—spelling, grammar and usage, paragraphing (indenting at the appropriate spots), use of capitals, and punctuation

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transitions

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words, terms, phrases, and sentence variations used to arrange and signal movement of ideas.

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organization

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—the internal structure of a piece of writing, the thread of central meaning, the pattern that fits the central idea.Events proceed logically; information is given to the reader in the right doses at the right times so that the reader never loses interest

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topic

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the subject matter with which a writer is working in a particular piece of writing

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structure

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the organization of ideas and content within a piece of writing at the sentence, paragraph or essay level.

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sensory detail

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specific details relative to sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste working together in harmony to create concrete images and strengthen writing.

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revising

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making content changes to a draft

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voice

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in writing, how you "sound" on the page. Your style, your tone, your unique way of telling a story.

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Journal

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A diary or record of events, feelings, and thoughts usually recorded by date.

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Format

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The manner in which a manuscript is prepared and presented.

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Edit

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To review a piece of writing to correct grammatical, spelling, or factual errors. includes shortening or lengthening of a piece of writing to fit an available space before publication.

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canon

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Works generally considered by scholars, critics, and teachers to be the most important to read and study.

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Literary

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involving books or the activity of writing, reading, or studying books

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allegory

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abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events. It can be employed in prose and poetry to tell a story with a purpose of teaching an idea and a principle or explaining an idea or a principle. The objective of its use is to preach some kind of a moral lesson.

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subjective

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personal and opinionated

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objective

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unbiased, fact-based

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act

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divisions within a play made up of scenes

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idiom

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a combination of words that have a figurative meaning owing to its common usage. It's figurative meaning is separate from the literal meaning. Ex. "out of whack"

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informational

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text or writing that is based on knowledge gained through study, communication, research, instruction, and other factual data

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literal

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factual, accurate meaning of the written or spoken word

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symbol

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something that stands for or represents something else

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objective summary

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brief and comprehensive overview of the main points of a body of material absent of opinion

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fact

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something that is true;actuality; reality; deed; proof

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text

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script, words, books, videos, any source used

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extraneous

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irrelevant

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periodical

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another word for a magazine

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community

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A group of people who share common experiences, goals and myths and who provide a context for an individual's identity.

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myth

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any story that attempts to explain how the world was created or why the world is the way that it is.

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in media res

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The classical tradition of opening an epic not in the chronological point at which the sequence of events would start, but rather at the midway point of the story. Later on in the narrative, the hero will recount verbally to others what events took place earlier.

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rhetoric

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A technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form. It is an art of discourse, which studies and employs various methods to convince, influence or please an audience.

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fallacy

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an erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention.

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syntax

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A set of rules in a language. It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought.

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motif

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an object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work.

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denotation

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literal or dictionary meanings of a word

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Allusion

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A direct or indirect reference to something which is commonly known, such as a character, book, myth, place, or work of art. It can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical.

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Antagonist

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The major character-in a narrative or drama who works against the hero.

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Archetype

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An original pattern or model from which all other things of the same kind are made.

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argument

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a reason or set of reasons given, acknowldeging both sides of an issue, with the aim of helping others to decide whether an action or idea is right or wrong

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Autobiography

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The story of a person's life written by the person.

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Bias

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An inclination of temperament or outlook, especially a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment.

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Support/Evidence

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to uphold, defend and provide proof of a claim

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Character

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A person or animal that takes part in the action of a literary work.

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claim

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statement of a position

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Climax

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The highpoint of interest or suspense in a novel, story, or play.

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Conflict

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A struggle between opposing forces. Types are external and internal.

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Connotation

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The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning; may involve ideas, emotions or attitudes

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Diction

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A writer's choice or words, phrases, sentence structures, and figurative language, which combine to help create meaning.

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exposition

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introduces the setting, characters and the basic situation

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falling action

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events occuring to resolve the conflict

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elaboration/detail

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an explanation of how something in writing supports a claim

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evidence

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support from text(s) or other sources

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Figurative Language

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Writing or speech that is used to create vivid impressions by setting up comparisons between dissimilar things, [some examples are metaphor, simile, and personification).

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Flashback

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A device used in literature to present action that occurred before the beginning or the story.

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Foreshadowing

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The use of clues that suggest events yet to occur. Helps to create suspense.

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Genre

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The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.

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Hyperbole

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Exaggeration or overstatement.

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Imagery

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Used in literature to create word pictures for the reader by using details or sight, sound, taste, touch, smell, or movement.

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Irony

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The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. there are three major types : (1) verbal - when the words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) meaning (2) situational- when events turn out the opposite of what was expected (3) dramatic - when facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other charactersin the work.

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Jargon

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A pattern of speech and vocabulary associated with a particular group of people. Computer analysts have their own vocabulary, as do doctors, astronauts, and plumbers.

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Juxtaposition

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Making one idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite. In art it is called chiaroscuro, where a bright white object is placed next to a black object and thus both are made more visible.

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biography

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a story of a person's life written by somebody else (not the person it is about)

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fiction

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a story that is made-up using the imagination - not about real people or events (fake)

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nonfiction

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a real story about real events or people (not fake)

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author's purpose

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a writer's goal as to why they are telling the story: to entertain, describe, explain, inform, or persuade

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Ethos Appeal

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writer tries to establish credibility with the audience based on a presentation of image of self through the text in order to gain the audience's confidence

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Pathos Appeal

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using emotion to support an argument

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Logos

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An appeal to reason.

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Metaphor

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A figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things without using "like" or "as."

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Mood

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The feeling evoked in the reader by a literary work or passage. Often can be described in one word such as light-hearted, frightening, or despairing

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Onomatopoeia

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A word that imitates the sound it represents. (buzz)

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Parallelism

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This term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." It refers to the repetition of grammatical structure to give emphasis.

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Personification

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A type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics

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Plot

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The sequence of events in a literary work. The four parts are exposition, complication, climax, and resolution.

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Point of View

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The narrative perspective from which a literary work is presented to the reader. Main types are 1st person, 2nd person and 3rd person.

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Protagonist

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The central character of a story who serves as a focus for its themes and incidents and as the principal rationale for its development.

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resolution

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What happens after the events to resolve the conflict; a.k.a.denouement

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denouement

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What happens after the events to resolve the conflict; a.k.a.resolution

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rising actions

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events that increase the conflict

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Setting

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The time and place of the action in a work of literature.

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Simile

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A figure of speech in which the words like or as are used to make a comparison between two basically unlike ideas.

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Static character

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A character who is given the opportunity to change fundamentally but doesn't change.

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Dynamic character

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A character who is given the opportunity to change fundamentally, and does.

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Flat character

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A character that consistently demonstrates one character trait.

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Round character

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A character that consistently demonstrates many character traits

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Style

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sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other elements.

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Symbol/symbolism

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Generally, anything concrete that represents itself and stands for something else which is abstract. (1) natural (2) conventional (3) literary

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Suspense

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A feeling of curiosity or uncertainty about the outcome of events in a literary work.

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Theme

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The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually theme is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the theme may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing.

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Tone

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The writer's attitude toward her audience and subject.

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Thesis

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the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's position or main idea

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PEEL

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An acronym for an organization strategy for writing literary analysis which means Point, Evidence, Explain, Link.

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