question

Bulging fat cells in a specific region of the body.

answer

Cellulite

question

Fat percentage based on heredity and the environment.

answer

Setpoint

question

Not possible for body fat.

answer

Spot-reducing

question

The minimum required to sustain life.

answer

BMR- basal metabolic rate

question

Will maintain energy balance for a healthy and moderately active adult.

answer

EER- estimated energy requirement

question

Obesity is defined as a body mass index equal or above:

answer

30

question

The number of deaths in the U.S. estimated each year due to excess body weight and lack of physical activity is:

answer

112,000

question

In the last decade alone, the average weight of American adults increased by ___ pounds.

answer

5

question

The percent of women and men on a diet at any one time in the United States is:

answer

c. 44% of women, 29% of men

question

To prevent weight gain, ____ minutes of daily activity is recommended; to maintain substantial weight loss, ____ minutes may be required.

answer

60;90

question

Effective weight management includes _____ hours of sleep a night.

answer

8

question

Most people need ____ minutes of exercise per day for weight management.

answer

60-90

question

Under strict caloric reduction, the body makes compensatory metabolic adjustments in an effort to reduce its fat storage.

answer

false

question

Compared to low-intensity exercise, high-intensity exercise ____.

answer

raises the metabolic rate longer after exercise

question

Theoretically, weight is lost when there is a ____.

answer

negative caloric balance

question

The suggested lower limits of daily caloric consumption are ____ for men and ____ for women (respectively).

answer

1,500; 1,200

question

Obesity is the _____ cause of preventable death in the United States.

answer

second-leading

question

Setpoint is the lowest level of caloric intake necessary to sustain life.

answer

false

question

One pound of fat represents ____ calories.

answer

3,500

question

The total cost attributable to obesity-related diseases is estimated to be ____ per year.

answer

$117 billion

question

Overweight has been defined as a BMI of _____ or higher.

answer

25

question

In the United States, _____% of adults ages 20 and over are obese.

answer

34

question

In the United States, ____% of adults ages 20 and over are overweight.

answer

68

question

Which is presently the most prevalent form of preventable death in the United States?

answer

obesity

question

In 2007, how many states reported obesity rates lower than 20%?

answer

1

question

An estimated _____% of cancer deaths have been attributed to obesity in U.S. adults.

answer

14-20

question

Tolerable weight is what:

answer

is acceptable to the individual; is not ideal but one you can live with.

question

What percent of all dieters lose weight and also keep the weight off for a significant amount of time?

answer

5

question

Body weight is lost fastest when using a(n) ____ weight loss plan.

answer

low-carbohydrate

question

Very low-calorie diets usually:

answer

reduce BMR

question

If weight management is not a consideration, _____ minutes of daily activity provides health benefits.

answer

30

question

Each gram of fat contains ____ calories, while a gram of protein or carbohydrate contains _____ calories.

answer

9;4

question

A study showed that after weight loss due to exercise, most people need to continue exercising _____ minutes each day to maintain the weight loss.

answer

60-90

question

An added pound of muscle raises BMR as much as ____ calories each day.

answer

20;25

question

To prevent weight gain, _____ minutes of daily activity is recommended; to maintain substantial weight loss, _____ minutes may be required.

answer

30;60

question

A combination of _____ and _____ exercise works best in weight loss programs.

answer

aerobic, strength-training

question

The mechanism that seems to regulate how much a person weighs is known as the:

answer

setpoint

question

Recent studies have found that sleep deprivation:

answer

-raises gherkin levels -decreases leptin levels -appears to be conductive to weight gain -may interfere with the body's capability to lose weight.

question

_____ is the nonfat component of the human body.

answer

lean body mass

question

Describe three consequences of obesity.

answer

1. coronary heart disease 2. hypertension 3. heart failure

question

What are three hazards of low-carbohydrate/high protein diets?

answer

1. Atherosclerosis 2. hypertension 3. heart failure

question

Research indicates that individuals who are 30 or more pounds overweight during middle age lose about seven years of life.

answer

true

question

According to the energy balancing equation, if caloric intake exceeds output, the person gains weight.

answer

true

question

The energy-balancing equation is the average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity, consistent with good health.

answer

false-its much simpler

question

Researchers theorize that the biological mechanism to maintain fat stores in women is stronger than in men.

answer

true

question

Obesity is a chronic diesease characterize by an excessively high amount of body fat (about 20% above recommended weight or a BMI at 30 or above).

answer

true

question

On a crash diet, close to half of the weight loss is in lean tissue

answer

true

question

The human body doesn't care how much, or how little, fat is stored.

answer

false

question

About 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per day provides substantial health benefits.

answer

true

question

What factors are included in calculating your Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)?

answer

age, weight, height, gender, how many calories consumed and burned each day

question

When the individual's reserves are no longer sufficient to fight the effects of stress, ____.

answer

diseases may develop

question

Being overly aggressive and sometimes hostile are descriptors of Type ____ individuals.

answer

A

question

Stress vulnerability is ____.

answer

buffered by social support

question

_____ is sometimes referred to as "meditation in motion,"

answer

Tai chi

question

Progressive muscle relaxation is a mental exercise in which the objective is to gain control over one's attention, clearing the mind and blocking out stressors.

answer

false

question

Stress prepares the organism to react to the stress-causing event, called the stressor.

answer

true

question

Which statement best reflects the correlation between Type A individuals and disease?

answer

Type A individuals who are chronically angry and hostile are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

question

Suggestions to release anger include ____.

answer

seeing the anger source as a minor irritation

question

As a stress management technique, exercise increases ____.

answer

self-discipline

question

A common symptom of stress.

answer

Depression

question

A common time killer.

answer

Perfectionism

question

A theoretical model of how the body responds to stress.

answer

GAS

question

Stage of effective coping with the challenge of a stressor.

answer

Resistance

question

The body attempts to maintain this equilibrium by reacting to external forces.

answer

Homeostasis

question

The mind/body connection:

answer

both is a link to the body's immune system an an involve giving up or fighting.

question

Positive stress is also referred to as:

answer

functional stress

question

Hans Selye explained stress as:

answer

a nonspecific response.

question

The stress response does not occur unless the:

answer

individual perceives a stressor

question

When stress levels reach mental, emotional, and physiological limits:

answer

diseases may develop.

question

As eustress increases:

answer

health and performance improve.

question

During the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome:

answer

many body systems are activated.

question

According to the GAS, exhaustion from stress occurs when:

answer

body resources are insufficient

question

The structure interview is used to:

answer

identify behavioral patterns

question

Being laid-back and easygoing are descriptors of Type ____ individuals.

answer

B

question

Being overly aggressive and sometimes hostile are descriptors of Type _____ individuals.

answer

A

question

Ways to change Type A personality include:

answer

Learn to treasure unplanned suprise

question

Greater risk for disease has been found for Type ____ individuals.

answer

A

question

Stress vulnerability is not:

answer

increased as people integrate into society.

question

If a stressor cannot be removed, the next best coping strategy is to use ____ techniques

answer

ignoring

question

Healthy and successful people post often attribute success to:

answer

smart work

question

Time management skills do not include:

answer

eliminating the chance of "overtimes"

question

____ is not considered a common time killer

answer

working

question

Progressive muscle relaxation should be done:

answer

paying attention to contraction intensity.

question

During progressive muscle relaxation, muscles should be tightened about ___% maximally.

answer

70

question

The focus with breathing exercises is to:

answer

"breathe away" the tension

question

Breathing exercises to reduce stress do not include:

answer

sighing

question

Meditation requires:

answer

about 15 minutes each session

question

The purpose of meditation is not to:

answer

concentrate on the time left in the session

question

Yoga exercises have NOT been successful in treating:

answer

cancer

question

Yoga is NOT

answer

performed with some discomfort.

question

Distinguish between stress, distress, and eustress.

answer

stress: a demand on a human organism distress: decrease health and performance eustress: increase health and performance

question

Indicate thee ways that physical activity contributes to the reduction of distress.

answer

1. decrease negative feelings 2. reduces muscle tension 3. provides social contract

question

Describe the physiological response to stress known as "fight or flight."

answer

Stress response begins with the acknowledgement of a stressor. That begins activation f the hormonal and nervous system pathways. The result is increased heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood flow, and general awareness. Where the stress is released determines the end result of relaxation with decrease in health and performance.

question

"Fight or flight" is a theoretical model that explains the body's adaptation to sustained stress; it includes three stages: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion/recovery.

answer

false

question

GAS stages

answer

1. alarm reaction-burst of energy 2. resistance-body attempts to resist or adapt to the stressor 3. exhaustion/recovery-energy is depleated

question

Fighting Spirit

answer

people with a fighting spirit tend to live longer

question

Negative or harmful stress under which health and performance begins to deteriorate is called eustress.

answer

false

question

Experts have indicated that individuals classified as Type A have a significantly higher incidence for disease, especially cardiovascular conditions.

answer

true

question

Progressive muscle relaxation is a mental exercise in which the objective is to gain control over one's attention, clearing the mind and blocking our stressors.

answer

false

question

Yoga is mental visualization of relaxing images and scenes to induce body relaxation in times of stress or as a aid in the treatment of certain medical conditions such as cancer, hypertension, asthma, chronic pain, and obesity.

answer

false

question

Physical exercise is one of the simplest tools to control stress.

answer

true

question

The immediate response to a stressor is known as the alarm reaction.

answer

true

question

Homeostasis is a natural state of equilibrium.

answer

true

question

Hypertension is chronically elevated blood pressure.

answer

true

question

CHD is the first leading cause of death in the United States.

answer

true

question

Atherosclerosis is fatty/cholesterol deposits in the walls of the arteries leading to formation of plaque.

answer

true

question

A sunburn you get in one hour without SPF 30 sunscreen lotion will occur in ____ hours with the lotion.

answer

30

question

____ particles act as "scavengers," removing cholesterol from the body and preventing plaque from forming in the arteries.

answer

HDL

question

Altruism seems to enhance health and longevity.

answer

true

question

____ health provides a unifying power that integrates the other dimensions of wellness.

answer

spiritual

question

Blood cholesterol can be raised by ____.

answer

consuming hydrogenated vegetable oils

question

_____ refers to true concern for and action on behalf of others

answer

altruism

question

A person who exercises and exhibits good lifestyle choices will ____.

answer

decrease their physiological age

question

___ can predict cardiovascular events.

answer

C-Reactive Protein

question

The "good" cholesterol.

answer

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

question

Cellular resistance to insulin.

answer

Metabolic Syndrome

question

The "bad" cholesterol.

answer

Low-Densiy Lipoprotein (LDL)

question

The most deadly type of skin cancer.

answer

Melanoma

question

Of all deaths in the U.S., _____% are caused by cardiovascular disease and cancer, and _____ could be prevented by following a healthy lifestyle.

answer

49;55

question

Which of the following is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

answer

physical activity

question

An abnormal cholesterol profile contributes directly to:

answer

atherosclerosis

question

An increased risk for CHD has been established in people with low levels of.

answer

HDL-cholesterol.

question

Homocysteine is:

answer

reduced by folate.

question

C-reactive protein is not:

answer

increased with statin drugs.

question

Most successful ex-smokers have:

answer

increased with substantial weight gain.

question

Cancer results from:

answer

cell division problems

question

Carcinoma in stiu is a critical turning point for cancer because it is when:

answer

a tumor reaches about 1 million cells.

question

Diabetes mellitas is:

answer

a problem with cell cholestrol

question

Metabolic syndrome:

answer

results in low HDL-cholesterol.

question

Nearly ___% of the 1 million basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers each year in the United States could have prevented using sun protection.

answer

90

question

Alcohol intake stimulates:

answer

risk-taking

question

Common among alcoholics is

answer

brain dysfunction.

question

The most widely used illegal drug in the United States is:

answer

marijuana.

question

Marijuana effects include

answer

psychosis.

question

Tobacco use is responsible for an estimated ____% of lung cancer reported.

answer

87

question

The average life expectancy for a chronic smoker is _____ years less than for a nonsmoker

answer

15

question

Cocaine abuse is not associated with increased risk for:

answer

hypotension.

question

Methamphetamine effects include:

answer

violent behavior

question

Heroin:

answer

is usually combined with dangerous additives

question

MDMA (Ecstasy) is not:

answer

a depressant

question

More than ____% of all Americans will acquire at least one STI in their lifetime.

answer

50

question

AIDS is thought to be:

answer

the end result of HIV infection

question

People with aids are more susceptible to ____ diseases.

answer

the cause of death for HIV infected.

question

About 80% of people who died with AIDS were in this age group:

answer

25-49

question

HIV is not thought to be transmitted by ____ of the infected person.

answer

perspiration

question

What types of behavior might be seen when a person is altruistic?

answer

1. Tobacco use 2. Alcohol abuse 3. poor diet and inactivity

question

Give five of the dietary guidelines for lowering LDL-cholesterol.

answer

1. Consume 25-30 grams of fiber daily 2. 200 milligrams of dietary cholesterol 3. Eat red meat fewer than 3 times per week 4. Eat fish instead of red meal 5. Avoid foods that contain transfatty acids

question

What is the difference between metastasis, benign, and malignant?

answer

metastasis: the spreading of the cells to other parts of the body benign tumor: a mass of replicated cells that stay together and it is non-cancerous malignant tumor: identical cells that don't stay together, and are cancerous

question

Altruism is a sense of meaning and direction in life and relationship to a higher being.

answer

false

question

Systolic blood pressure is taken during the heart's relaxation stage, when no blood is being ejected.

answer

false

question

HDL is considered the "bad" cholesterol.

answer

false

question

Atherosclerosis is fatty/cholesterol deposits in the wall of the arteries leading to formation of plaque.

answer

true

question

Tryglercerides are proteins whose levels in the blood increase with inflammation.

answer

false

question

Diabetes mellitus is an array of metabolic abnormalties that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis triggered by resistance to insulin.

answer

false

question

The stress causing event is known as the stressor.

answer

ture

question

R.I.C.E.

answer

Rest Ice Compression Elevation

question

Detraining

answer

2-3 days

question

Sicknesses it's okay to workout with

answer

Runny nose Sneezing Scratchy throat

question

Sicknesses it's not okay to workout with

answer

Fever Aching muscles Hacking cough

question

Muscle cramps

answer

Depletion of electrolytes

question

Heat exhaustion

answer

Dizzy, cold sweat, headache, weak pulse

question

Heat stroke

answer

When body reaches 10-106 degrees

question

Fluid replacement

answer

6-8 Oz. For every 15-20 minutes Cool water absorbs faster

question

Differences in genders

answer

Men: 3-4 inches taller, 25-30 pounds heavier, body fat =12-16%, aerobic capacity is 15-30% greater because of hemoglobin

question

Different types of breathing

answer

-Deep breathing -Complete natural breathing -sighing

question

Type one diabetes

answer

Insulin dependent diabetes

question

Type two diabetes

answer

Non insulin dependent diabetes

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