question

Jan is able to find innovative and novel solutions to problems. This would mean she is high on

answer

Creativity

question

When children make progress in understanding how to use language in a culturally sensitive way

answer

Pragmatics

question

Piaget defined the _____ stage as a time when children can logically think about things as long as they can solidly relate it to examples

answer

Concrete Operational

question

The criterion most commonly used to identify gifted children eligible for special programs is

answer

IQ scores

question

What percent of children with attention disorders are both inattentive and hyperactive

answer

85%

question

The major difficulty for children with learning disabilites lies in

answer

Processing sensory Information

question

Congress adopted an act to improve educational accountability, parental options, and local flexibility. This act is called

answer

No Child Left Behind

question

According to your text, gender differences in school achievent are largest and most reliable between

answer

Writing and Science

question

Which parenting style seems to promote high-achieving children

answer

Authoritative

question

The saying "In 1492, Colombus sailed the ocean blue" is an example of

answer

Mnemonic

question

Freddie is trying to learn the names of the first five presidents of the United States. To help him, his mother makes up a story using the five names in it, and then teaches the story to Freddie. Freddie's mother is using the mnemonic device of

answer

Elaboration

question

Brent's history teacher has asked him to make a timeline for important events that occurred during the Civil War. According to Piaget, what cognitive ability will Brent need to complete this project

answer

Seriation

question

Because of danger associated with thier use, which of the following does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend parents never buy for their children or allow their children to use?

answer

Trampolines

question

Elsa, now in Piaget's concrete operational stage, can answer all of the following except

answer

"What would happen if the sun exploded"

question

____ can harm children's development through its impact on parents' emotional state.

answer

Poverty

question

Which of Erik Erikson's stages typically occurs during middle to late childhood?

answer

Industry vs Inferiorority

question

The most important protective factor, which seems to help children overcome stress and be resilient is good,

answer

Family relationships and Cognitive Functioning

question

Which of the following characteristic of children who grow up surrounded by violence in their environment

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Children have difficulty concentrating and sleeping

question

In recent years, the use of drug therapy to threat children has _____ in the United States

answer

Greatly Increased

question

Katherine cries a great deal, is often tired, seems unable to concentrate or have fun, has no friends, and is doing poorly in school, She probably has..

answer

Childhood Depression

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Mary Beth, age 10, finds excuses not to sleep overnight at her friends house and shows no interest in going back to camp this summer. When she went on a weekend trip with her school chorus, she became sick and had to come home. This sort of thing has been going on for several weeks, ever since her pet cat died. Mary Beth . . .

answer

May be suffering from separation anxiety disorder

question

A prime time for bullying to take place is during

answer

Middle childhood

question

Negative attitudes toward certain groups are referred to as

answer

Prejudice

question

Which of the following statements regarding children raised by gay or lesbian parents is TRUE?

answer

The children tend to have positive relationships with their parents

question

According to research described in the text, parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be

answer

Authoritative

question

With formal thought, adolescents are able to

answer

Social perspective take, Discuss love justice freedom, Speak a different language with adults and peers

question

The awareness and monitoring of one's own mental processes and strategies is called

answer

Metacognition

question

The fact that Cameron can respond to the question "What do you think would happen if all the oceans dried up?" suggests that Cameron is capable of

answer

Formal operational thought

question

Which of these groups has the highest rate of suicide

answer

Native American males

question

When adolescents die, it is usually from which of the following?

answer

Accidents

question

What percentage of American tens are binge drinkers

answer

25%

question

In recent years, there has been a drop in adolescents' overall use of drugs. The exception to this is an increase in the use of

answer

Marijuana and Prescription drugs

question

Nocturnal emission is

answer

Also called a wet dream

question

Helps parents of older children and adolescents to reduce violence by their children

answer

Encourage participation in sports

question

Friendships are likely to be more intimate, loyal, and supportive in adolescence than in middle childhood, probably because teenagers

answer

Are better able to express their feelings and share them with friends

question

Involvement in cliques is most prominent in _____ adolescence

answer

Early

question

In terms of disclosure, issues such as smoking and drinking fall under which category

answer

Prudential

question

_____ is the search for autonomy and differentiation

answer

Individuation

question

Most pregnant teenagers are likely to have

answer

Greater medical risks than women in their twenties, regardless of prenatal care

question

Of the 4.1 million new HIV infections each year, about ____ are in young people 15 to 24

answer

50%

question

Painful blisters in the genital area are a symptom of

answer

Herpes

question

Teenagers generally get their information about sex from

answer

Parents, Media, Friends

question

Vigorous play involving wrestling, hitting, and chasing, often accompanied by laughing and screaming

answer

Rough and tumble play

question

Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one's appearance

answer

Body Image

question

Chronically high blood pressure

answer

Hypertension

question

Illnesses that last a short time

answer

Acute medical conditions

question

Illnesses or impairments that persist for at least three months

answer

Chronic Medical conditions

question

Disease characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood due to defective or ineffective insulin action

answer

Diabetes

question

A chronic respiratory disease characterized by sudden attacks of coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing

answer

Asthma

question

Third stage of Piagetian cognitive development (age 7-12) during which children develop logical, but not abstract thinking

answer

Concrete Operations

question

Ability to oder items along a dimension

answer

Seriation

question

Understanding of the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship of each to a third object

answer

Transitive Inference

question

Understanding of the relationship between a whole and its parts

answer

Class inclusion

question

Type of logical reasoning that moves from particular observations about members of a class to a general conclusion about that class

answer

Inductive reasoning

question

Type of logical reasoning that moves from a general premise about a class to a conclusion about a particular member or members of the class

answer

Deductive reasoning

question

Knowledge that a substance retains its nature even when it looks different

answer

Identity

question

Knowledge that reversing an action will cause the substance to revert to its former appearance

answer

Reversibility

question

Ability to focus on more than one feature of a stimulus at a time

answer

Decenter

question

First stage in Piaget's moral reasoning theory in which children are egocentric and cannot imagine more than one way of looking at a moral issue

answer

Rigid Obedience to Authority

question

Second in Piaget's moral reasoning theory in which children begin to disregard the idea of a single standard of right and wrong, and to develop their own sense of justice based on fairness or equal treatment for all

answer

Increasing Flexibility

question

The belief that one person may be treated differently than another because of special circumstances that are taken into account

answer

Equity

question

the conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems

answer

Executive Function

question

The ability to deliberately direct one's attention and shut out distractions

answer

Selective attention

question

The voluntary suppression of unwanted responses

answer

Inhibitory Control

question

Understanding the processes of memory

answer

Metamemory

question

Techniques used to aid memory

answer

Mnemonic strategies

question

Mnemonic strategies using something outside the person

answer

External memory aids

question

Mnemonic strategy to keep an item in working memory through conscious repetition

answer

Rehearsal

question

Mnemonic strategy of categorizing material to be remembered

answer

Organization

question

Mnemonic strategy of making mental associations involving items to be remembered

answer

Elaboration

question

Individual intelligence test for schoolchildren, which yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score

answer

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

question

Group intelligence test for kindergarten through 12th grade students

answer

Otis-Lennon School Ability Test

question

Describing an intelligence test that, if it were possible to design, would have no culturally linked content

answer

Culture free tests

question

Describing an intelligence test that deals with experiences common to various cultures, in an attempt to avoid cultural bias

answer

Culture fair tests

question

Gardner's theory that each person has several distinct forms of intelligence

answer

Theory of multiple intelligences

question

Sternberg's theory describing three types of intelligence: componential (analytic ability), experiential (insight and originality), and contextual (practical thinking)

answer

Triarchic theory of intelligence

question

Sternberg's term for the analytic aspect of intelligence

answer

Componential element

question

In Sternberg's theory, the ability to process information efficiently, as in problem solving

answer

Analytic

question

Sternberg's term for the insightful aspect of intelligence

answer

Experiential element

question

Ability to think originally and creatively

answer

Insightful

question

Practical aspect of intelligence

answer

Contextual element

question

Ability to size up a situation and decide what to do: adapt to it, change it, or get out of it

answer

Practical

question

Term for information that is not formally taught or openly expressed, but is necessary to get ahead

answer

Tacit knowledge

question

Test that seeks to measure each of the three components of intelligence through multiple choice and essay questions in three domains: verbal, quantitative, and figural

answer

The Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test

question

Nontraditional individual intelligence test designed to provide fair assessments of minority children and children with disabilities

answer

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

question

Testing of intelligence based on Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development and the zone of proximal development

answer

Dynamic tests

question

Figures of speech in which a word or phrase that usually designates one thing is compared or applied to another

answer

Simile and Metaphor

question

How words are organized into phrases and sentences

answer

Syntax

question

Set of linguistic rules that govern the use of language for communication

answer

Pragmatics

question

Approach to teaching English as a second language in which instruction is presented only in English

answer

English immersion

question

System of teaching non English speaking children in their native language while they learn English, and later switching to all English instruction

answer

Bilingual Education

question

Fluent in two languages

answer

Bilingual

question

Approach to second language education in which English speakers and non English speakers learn together in their own and each other's languages

answer

Two-way Learning

question

Process by which a child sounds out a word, translating it from print to speech before retrieving it from long term memory

answer

Decoding

question

Process by which a child simply looks at a word and then retrieves it

answer

Visually based retrieval

question

Approach to teaching reading that emphasizes decoding of unfamiliar words

answer

Phonetic, or code emphasis approach

question

Approach to teaching reading that teaches visual retrieval and use of contextual cues

answer

Whole language approach

question

Awareness of one's own thinking process

answer

Metacognition

question

Belief that one's actions will bring about a particular result, either favorable or unfavorable

answer

Self efficacy

question

Parenting style that blends respect for a child's individuality with an effort to instill social values

answer

Authoritative

question

parenting style that emphasizes control and obedience

answer

Authoritarian

question

Parenting style that emphasizes self expression and self regulation

answer

Permissive

question

Family and community resources on which a child can draw

answer

Social capital

question

Significantly subnormal cognitive functioning

answer

Intellectual Disability

question

Developmental disorder in which reading achievement is substantially lower than predicted by IQ or age

answer

Dyslexia

question

Disorders that interfere with specific aspects of learning and school achievement

answer

Learning disabilities

question

Syndrome characterized by persistent inattention and distractibility, impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and inappropriate overactivity

answer

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

question

Ability to see situations in a new way, to produce innovations, or to discern previously unidentified problems and find novel solutions

answer

Creativity

question

Thinking aimed at finding the "one" right answer to a problem

answer

Convergent thinking

question

Thinking that produces a variety of fresh, diverse possibilities

answer

Divergent thinking

question

Approach to educating the gifted that broadens and deepens knowledge and skills through extra activities, projects, field trips, or mentoring

answer

Enrichment programs

question

Approach to educating the gifted that moves them through the curriculum at an unusually rapid pace

answer

Acceleration programs

question

In neo Piagetian terminology, the third stage in development of self definition, characterized by breadth, balance, and the integrations and assessment of various aspects of the self

answer

Representational systems

question

Your knowledge of who you really are

answer

Real self

question

Knowledge of who you would like to be or think you should be

answer

Ideal self

question

Liking yourself as a person

answer

Global self worth

question

Eriksons fourth stage of psychosocial development in which children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face the feelings of inferiority

answer

Industry vs. inferiority

question

A view of the self as able to master skills and complete tasks

answer

Competence

question

Behaviors in which emotional problems are turned inward; for example anxiety or depression

answer

Internalizing behaviors

question

Behaviors by which a child "acts out' emotional difficulties; aggression or hostility

answer

Externalizing behaviors

question

Transitional stage in the control of behavior in which parents exercise general supervision and children exercise moment to moment self- regulation

answer

Co-regulation

question

Custody of a minor child shared by both parents

answer

Joint custody

question

Type of adoption in which the parties share information or have direct contact

answer

Open adoption

question

Unfavorable attitude toward members of certain groups outside one's own. Especially racial or ethnic group

answer

Prejudice

question

Determined by asking children which peers they like most and least

answer

Sociometric popularity

question

One of five peer status groups, these are youngsters who receive many positive nominations in sociometric popularity studies

answer

Popular

question

Aggression aimed at achieving an objective

answer

Instrumental aggression

question

Aggression aimed at hurting its target

answer

Hostile agression

question

aggression that is overt and more easily observed

answer

Direct aggression

question

aggression that is more covert and relational

answer

Indirect or social aggression

question

Another term for instrumental aggression

answer

Proactive aggression

question

Another term for hostile aggression on the part of an individual

answer

Reactive aggressor

question

When a child sees other children as trying to hurt them and strikes out angrily in retaliation or self defense

answer

Hostile attribution bias

question

Aggression deliberately and persistently directed against a particular target or victim, typically one who is weak, vulnerable

answer

Bullying

question

The emotional health of a person

answer

Mental health

question

Disorders having to do with undesirable behavior such as aggression or defiance, stealing, and other antisocial behavior

answer

Disruptive conduct disorders

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