Lifespan, CH9, Summer 2 – Flashcards
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The attitudes, behaviors, and values that we believe make us unique individuals are called our a. self-esteem. b. self-recognition. c. self-efficacy. d. self-concept.
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self-concept
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According to Erikson, the key adolescent crisis involves a. generativity versus stagnation. b. intimacy versus isolation. c. identity versus role confusion. d. integrity versus despair.
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identity versus role confusion.
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Erikson hypothesized that adolescents achieve an identity by a. doing only what their parents tell them to do. b. testing a few identities to see which one fits them best. c. unconsciously relying on their genetic makeup d. simply progressing naturally from their preteen years.
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testing a few identities to see which one fits them best.
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In the____ stage of identity status, an individual is overwhelmed yet does little to accomplish the task of identity formation. a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement
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diffusion
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When asked, "What do you want to be when you grow up?" ten-year-old Sanjay says, "My dad says I should be a doctor, so I guess that's what I'll be." According to Marcia, Sanjay is best thought of as being in a state of identity a. diffusion. b. moratorium. c. foreclosure. d. achievement.
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foreclosure.
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While in the ____ identity status stage, a person is examining numerous alternatives but finds none totally satisfactory. a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement
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moratorium
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After exploring a number of career options, Antonio chooses to become an accountant. According to Marcia, what level of identity status is Antonio exhibiting? a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement
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achievement
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Sixteen-year-old Paris's motto is, "It's all about me!" This belief fits well with the concept of adolescent a. egocentrism. b. learned helplessness. c. secular growth. d. foreclosure.
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egocentrism.
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The phenomenon whereby an individual believes that he or she is like an actor on a stage, who is under constant watch by others, is referred to as a. the personal fable. b. the imaginary audience. c. learned helplessness
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the imaginary audience
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The defining feature of the personal fable is a feeling of a. superiority. b. uniqueness. c. helplessness. d. diffusion.
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uniqueness.
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The belief that misfortunes only happen to others is referred to as the illusion of a. foreclosure. b. helplessness. c. crystallization. d. invulnerability.
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invulnerability.
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Which parents are most likely to raise a teenager with high achievement status? a. Kate and Allie, who encourage autonomy in their children b. Ward and June, who encourage conformity in their children c. Ozzie and Harriet, who discourage experimentation in their children d. George and Jane, who continue to strictly enforce childhood rules
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Kate and Allie, who encourage autonomy in their children
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Learning about one's culture and heritage sets the foundation for a person's ____ identity. a. ethnic b. crystallized c. index d. imaginary
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ethnic
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The emphasis in the second phase of ethnic identity formation is on a. exploring one's heritage. b. moving away from one's heritage. c. finding a new heritage. d. developing a distinct ethnic self-concept.
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exploring one's heritage.
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Jinfa was born in the United States. His father is African and his mother is Japanese. If he is in the third state of ethnic identity development, he would most likely consider himself as an a. American. b. African American. c. Japanese. d. American with roots in both Africa and Japan.
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American with roots in both Africa and Japan.
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The drop in self-esteem often found when children first enter middle school appears to be due to a. the acquisition of concrete operational thinking. b. peer comparisons. c. changes in ethnic identity. d. the illusion of invulnerability.
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peer comparisons.
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When Molly hears that several people in her geometry class think she's great, it is likely to a. increase her self-esteem. b. decrease her self-esteem. c. have no effect on her self-esteem. d. alter her ethnic identity.
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increase her self-esteem.
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The text characterized the notion of adolescence being a time of great "storm and stress" as a a. trend. b. fact. c. myth. d. certainty.
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myth.
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Why do Asian-American and Latino-American teens tend to begin dating at a later age than European-American teens? a. fewer available partners b. stronger family ties c. less disposable income d. greater need for social isolation
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stronger family ties
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Nicholas and Alexandra are typical American teenagers. How would their descriptions concerning their first sexual experience most likely differ? a. Nicholas would be more likely to describe his first partner as someone that he loves. b. Nicholas would be more likely to feel guilty about his first sexual experience. c. Alexandra's peers would be more likely to express some disapproval concerning her behavior. d. Alexandra would be more likely to view the experience in terms of recreation rather than romance.
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Alexandra's peers would be more likely to express some disapproval concerning her behavior.
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Which STD is most prevalent in the United States? a. HIV b. genital herpes c. gonorrhea d. chlamydia
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genital herpes
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About one in ____ adolescent American girls becomes pregnant each year. a. three b. four c. five d. six
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six
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The most effective pregnancy prevention programs focus a. exclusively on abstinence. b. exclusively on teaching about biological reproduction. c. exclusively on teaching about responsible sexual behavior. d. on abstinence, reproductive education, and sexual responsibility.
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on abstinence, reproductive education, and sexual responsibility.
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About ____ percent of male and female teenagers identify themselves as gay or lesbian. a. one b. five c. 15 d. 20
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five
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Which factor is thought to increase the risk of a male or female perpetrating dating violence? a. having a brother b. having parents whose discipline is harsh or inconsistent c. being depression d. being popular among same-age peers
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having parents whose discipline is harsh or inconsistent
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Rape prevention guidelines suggest that in order to reduce the risk of rape, one should a. struggle, but not scream, when threatened or attacked. b. keep one's sexual desires private. c. avoid using drugs with someone you are not interested in. d. not dress up or try to look nice when going out.
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avoid using drugs with someone you are not interested in
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The main purpose of the Families for Safe Dates program is to reduce a. homosexual behavior. b. teen pregnancy. c. dating abuse. d. drunk driving.
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dating abuse.
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Cross-cultural studies of adolescent self-perception indicate that a. most teenagers feel good about themselves. b. teenagers in industrialized nations have the highest rate of self-dissatisfaction. c. females feel significantly better about themselves than males. d. most teenagers feel bad about themselves.
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most teenagers feel good about themselves.
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Which theorist first linked identity with career choices? a. Erikson b. Freud c. Super d. Holland
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super
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Crystallization involves using one's emerging identity as the basis for assessing a. intelligence. b. risk for mental illness. c. self-esteem. d. possible careers.
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possible careers.
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During the implementation phase of career development, a person a. first begins to think about career options. b. selects the career of their parents. c. becomes more educated about career options. d. takes a job and learns firsthand about a career.
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takes a job and learns firsthand about a career.
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According to Super's theory, what is the correct order of the phases of career development? a. specification, crystallization, implementation b. crystallization, specification, implementation c. implementation, specification, crystallization d. crystallization, implementation, specification
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crystallization, specification, implementation
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The main assumption of Holland's theory is that people a. develop career goals at different rates. b. will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities. c. should take tests to determine which career is best for them. d. should choose a career based on economic needs and not in order to fulfill their lifelong goals.
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will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities.
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According to Holland, who is best matched with their career type? a. Scientist Ralph, who has a realistic personality b. Poet Norton, who has an investigative personality c. Real estate agent Alice, who has an enterprising personality d. Social worker Trixie, who has an artistic personality
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Real estate agent Alice, who has an enterprising personality
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Several tests can be used to describe a person's work-related personality and the jobs for which he or she is suited. One of these types of tests is called the a. Strong Interest Inventory. b. Super Occupation Inventory. c. Adolescent Work Interest Inventory. d. Occupational Path Inventory.
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Strong Interest Inventory.
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Research has indicated that when a high school student begins to work over ____ hours a week at a part-time job during the school year, academic problems may arise. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20
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15
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Why is part-time work among teens associated with misleading sense of affluence? a. They typically spend money immediately and do not learn how to allocate income well. b. The high pay they receive at these jobs sets up unrealistic expectations about "real" pay. c. They tend to save significantly more during these times than after they get a full-time job. d. The money that teens make today is worth less than the same amount will be in the future.
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They typically spend money immediately and do not learn how to allocate income well.
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Which drug do high school seniors use most? a. marijuana b. cocaine c. alcohol d. LSD
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alcohol
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Which statement concerning cigarette smoking is true? a. Compared with the rest of the world, American teens are heavy smokers. b. Most teens begin to smoke when they are in tenth or eleventh grade. c. Authoritative parenting tends to increase the risk of teen smoking. d. Teens will tend to start smoking if they believe that it is okay to smoke.
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Teens will tend to start smoking if they believe that it is okay to smoke.
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Your text indicates that many teenagers who smoke are convinced that cigarette smoking is harmless for healthy adolescents. Which concept does the best job of explaining this phenomenon? a. crystallization b. depression c. illusion of invulnerability d. imaginary audience
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illusion of invulnerability
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Antismoking interventions in schools reduce teenage smoking by more than ____. a. one-fourth b. one-third c. one-half d. two-thirds
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one-third
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Juvenile delinquency involves acts that are a. illegal and destructive. b. legal and nondestructive. c. illegal and nondestructive. d. legal and destructive.
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illegal and destructive.
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What percentage of youth meet the criteria for life-course persistent antisocial behavior? a. one b. five c. eight d. ten
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five
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Which parental behavior is least likely to encourage aggressive and antisocial behavior? a. Disciplining adolescents in a harsh manner b. Intermittent monitoring of adolescents' behavior c. Seeing parental conflict and stress d. Enforcing many rules with supporting reasons
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Enforcing many rules with supporting reasons
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Programs to prevent adolescent violence and antisocial behavior target a. character development in elementary-school children. b. academic and social skills in elementary-school children. c. academic and social skills in middle-school children. d. character development in middle-school children.
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academic and social skills in elementary-school children.
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Life-course persistent antisocial acts a. emerge early in life and fade in later life. b. emerge early in life and continue throughout development. c. emerge in midlife and fade in later life. d. emerge in midlife and continue throughout development.
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emerge early in life and continue throughout development.
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The Fast Track program for preventing violent behavior a. uses aversive conditioning techniques and the "scared straight technique." b. attempts to nip the problem in the elementary years. c. encourages children to consider the "imaginary audience" that they are attacking. d. argues that aggressive play can be an effective substitute for reducing real violence.
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attempts to nip the problem in the elementary years
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Some teenagers experience negative life events and do not become depressed. Which teenager is least likely to become depressed when she experiences a negative life event? a. Crystal, who does not regulate her emotions effectively b. Cameron, who tends to blame herself when things go wrong c. Celia, whose parents are distant and uninvolved with her d. Carmine, who has high levels of certain neurotransmitters
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Carmine, who has high levels of certain neurotransmitters
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What is the least common warning sign of suicide? a. change in eating habits b. increased levels of activity c. persistent feelings of helplessness d. gifting one's valued possessions
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increased levels of activity
