Lifespan, CH 10, Summer – Flashcards
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Who is best classified as being in the state of emerging adulthood? a. Lo, who is 15 b. Whitney, who is 25 c. Audrina, who is 35 d. Spencer, who is 45
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Whitney, who is 25
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Role transitions always a. occur at the same age for individuals within a given cultural population. b. involve family relationships. c. lead to significant increases in stress. d. involve the acquisition of new responsibilities.
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involve the acquisition of new responsibilities.
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Yacef suddenly finds himself newly married and out of school with a new job. Yacef is experiencing a. role transition. b. reflective judgment. c. possible selves. d. fluid intelligence.
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role transition
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Which markers best describe the transition into adulthood in most Western societies? a. Markers that are loosely defined and can consist of any number of events b. No markers, as adulthood is not viewed as unique time of life in most Western cultures c. Markers that are specific and tied to marriage and/or having children d. Markers that are differ by sex, with female transition clearly defined and male transition loosely defined
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Markers that are loosely defined and can consist of any number of events
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A rite of passage is best classified as a(n) a. implicit stereotype. b. biological event. c. reflective judgment. d. ritual.
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ritual.
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Which of 26-year-old Tonya's characteristics would qualify her as being a "returning adult student?" a. The fact that she is leaving a job b. Her age c. The fact that she is the first in her family to go to school d. Her sex
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Her age
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The desire to live life more fully by experiencing physical and emotionally threatening situations is known as a. multidimensionality. b. a rite of passage. c. edgework. d. plasticity.
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edgework
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Who would Erikson say is most capable of true intimacy? a. Cindy, who is overdependent on her boyfriend b. Burt, who will go out with different people but finds it scary to go out with someone more than a couple of times c. Aileen, who has a clear sense of identity d. Harrison, who is 16 years old
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Aileen, who has a clear sense of identity
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Research on Erikson's theory of identity and intimacy produced which conclusion? a. There are set pathways to achieving both identity and intimacy. b. There are several ways to achieve identity but only one way to achieve intimacy. c. There is only one way to achieve identity but several ways to achieve intimacy. d. There are multiple pathways to achieving identity and intimacy.
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There are multiple pathways to achieving identity and intimacy.
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Who is most likely experiencing a "quarterlife crisis?" a. 82-year-old Dominica, whose spouse just died b. 62-year-old Kitt, who just retired c. 42-year-old Lucia, who just had a baby d. 22-year-old Aruba, who just graduated from college
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22-year-old Aruba, who just graduated from college
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Kofi, a 27-year-old male living in the United States, recently died. What was the most likely cause of Kofi's death? a. Cardiovascular disease b. Homicide c. Cancer d. An accident
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An accident
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Smoking represents a major medical problem in the United States, with about ____ people each year dying from smoking-related disorders. a. 4,000 b. 40,000 c. 400,000 d. 4,000,000
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400,000
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Which statement concerning secondhand smoke is true? a. There is no evidence that secondhand smoke leads to any health problems. b. Secondhand smoke exposure can lead to death. c. Less than one-fifth of Americans have been exposed to secondhand smoke. d. Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to die from lung cancer than from cardiovascular disease.
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Secondhand smoke exposure can lead to death.
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People who quit smoking after smoking for a long time a. may not get worse, but their overall health will remain bad. b. show significant improvements in their health. c. will continue to deteriorate but at a slower rate. d. will remain at risk for heart attack but not for cancer.
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show significant improvements in their health.
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How is the consumption of alcohol related to the promotion of health? a. Abstainers have the greatest benefits. b. Light drinkers have the greatest benefits. c. Heavy drinkers have the greatest benefits. d. Alcohol consumption has not been related to any health benefits.
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Light drinkers have the greatest benefits.
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Surveys of binge drinking behaviors indicate that it has a. stayed the same in the general population. b. increased in the general population. c. stayed the same in the college population. d. increased in the college population
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stayed the same in the college population.
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Amanda is physically dependent on alcohol and experiences withdrawal symptoms when she doesn't drink. Amanda's experience with alcohol would be best described as a. an addiction. b. a rite of passage. c. binge drinking. d. healthy behavior.
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an addiction
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At a chemical level, alcohol addiction results in chemical changes that a. cause the body to crave alcohol. b. destroy all GABA receptors. c. reduce levels of serotonin and dopamine within the brain. d. increase cellular develop in the medulla oblongata.
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cause the body to crave alcohol.
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Which statement best describes the relationship between LDLs and HDLs? a. LDLs break down HDLs. b. HDLs break down LDLs. c. LDLs transform into HDLs. d. HDLs transform into LDLs.
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HDLs break down LDLs.
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Who is at the greatest risk of a heart attack? a. Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs b. Tucker, who has low level of LDLs and high levels of HDLs c. Sawyer, who has low levels of both LDLs and HDLs d. Gump, who has high levels of both LDLs and HDLs
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Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs
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A doctor is attempting to determine how healthy you are. She uses a formula that contains information regarding your height and weight. What is she most likely measuring?
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BMI
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An individual with a BMI of ____ or less is considered healthy. a. 24 b. 34 c. 44 d. 54
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24
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Who is likely to be the least healthy? a. Thales, who lives in poverty b. Jose, who is a college graduate c. Luzia, who is African American d. Fabio, who is very wealthy
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Thales, who lives in poverty
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Intellectual multidirectionality is based on the premise that a. no two people develop the same way intellectually. b. there is more than one kind of intelligence. c. most aspects of intelligence cannot be modified. d. with age, some aspects of intelligence improve while others may decline.
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with age, some aspects of intelligence improve while others may decline.
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Evidence for interindividual variability in intelligence is best demonstrated when a. a single test of intelligence is based on assessing many different abilities. b. the same individual shows improvement in language skills while showing declines in math skills. c. an individual's singing improves after taking singing lessons. d. one individual's reasoning skills improve with age while another's declines with age.
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one individual's reasoning skills improve with age while another's declines with age.
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After taking several college courses, Chuck's short-term memory ability increased. This exemplifies the concept of a. plasticity. b. multidimensionality. c. interindividual variability. d. postformal thought. .
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plasticity.
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Which is not a "primary mental ability?" a. Number b. Inductive reasoning c. Spatial orientation d. Fluid intelligence
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Fluid intelligence
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Which factor is not identified by Schaie as a variable that helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline in old age? a. Living in good housing b. Having a flexible personality style c. Being satisfied with life d. Being single
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Being single
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Primary mental ability is to secondary mental ability as a. crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence. b. child is to adult. c. specific is to general. d. conventional is to postconventional.
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specific is to general
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Fluid intelligence consists of abilities that a. allow for more flexible and adaptive thinking. b. are acquired throughout the life span. c. are considered primary mental abilities but not secondary mental abilities. d. include verbal skills but not inductive or abstract thinking.
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allow for more flexible and adaptive thinking.
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Crystallized intelligence is a. acquired across one's life. b. best exemplified by sensory integration. c. not very useful in solving real-life tasks. d. best assessed on timed, standardized IQ tests.
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acquired across one's life.
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If you wanted to show that age decreases a certain type of intelligence, you should focus on testing participants' a. general intelligence. b. fluid intelligence. c. crystallized intelligence. d. primary intelligence.
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fluid intelligence.
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The theory that proposes that intelligence comes from a distributed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain is called a. parieto-frontal integration theory. b. parietal distribution theory. c. lobe integration network theory. d. neuron network distribution theory.
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parieto-frontal integration theory.
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Postformal adult thinkers differ from adolescent formal operational thinkers in that the adults are more likely to a. use deductive logic. b. consider situational circumstances. c. be swayed by their own experience. d. make quick decisions on complex problems.
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consider situational circumstances.
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According to Perry (1970), by the end of college, the most advanced students a. acknowledge the right of others to hold opinions contrary to their own. b. think in terms of absolute right and wrong. c. prefer the ideas of others more than their self. d. have learned to reject reflective judgment.
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acknowledge the right of others to hold opinions contrary to their own.
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In order to qualify as a "postformal thinker," you must be able to accept a. egocentric thought as a necessity. b. the existence of a single truth. c. experience as the source of all knowledge. d. contradiction as normal.
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contradiction as normal.
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Mature thinkers tend to a. view personal experience as the most critical element in decision-making. b. view rules as absolute. c. integrate emotion and logic in decision-making. d. realize that tolerance and ambiguity have no place in decision-making.
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integrate emotion and logic in decision-making.
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A graph of the research on the social rule "you can't stop true love" by age would likely show a a. flat line. b. steadily decreasing slope. c. steadily increasing slope. d. U-shaped curve.
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U-shaped curve.
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A life-span construct represents a a. unified sense of one's past, present, and future. b. multidimensional conceptualization of intelligence. c. fear that when people act in negative ways expected by others, they are doing a disservice to all members of their sex. d. personal timetable concerning when someone else should experience some event.
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unified sense of one's past, present, and future.
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Omar is thinking about a time to come when he will be married and have a family. This is an example of a. an implicit stereotype. b. a life story. c. reflective judgment. d. a scenario.
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a scenario.
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According to McAdams, in Western society, coherent life stories are first formed in a. infancy. b. early adulthood. c. middle adulthood. d. old age.
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early adulthood.
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Which of the following would best reflect a life story goal of communion? a. Being a powerful CEO b. Winning a Nobel prize c. A lifelong love d. Being your own person
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A lifelong love
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According to McAdams, a person's life story is a. set in a single direction and uninfluenced by culture. b. set in a single direction and influenced by culture. c. fashioned, refashioned, and uninfluenced by culture. d. fashioned, refashioned, and influenced by culture.
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fashioned, refashioned, and influenced by culture.
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What requires the creation of possible selves? a. Postformal thought b. Reflective thinking c. Crystallized intelligence d. Projecting yourself into the future
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Projecting yourself into the future
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____ tends to be most important domain for hoped- and feared-for self in older age. a. Intelligence b. Wealth c. Love d. Health
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Health
