lifespan 5 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What a child has already learned and mastered.
answer
achievement
question
The potential to learn, or master, a particular skill or body of knowledge.
answer
aptitude
question
Education in which the teacher teaches in both English and the students' native language.
answer
bilingual education
question
A measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to both adult men and women.
answer
body mass index
question
People's ability to sort objects according to the attributes they share, place things in a sensible and logical order, and hold a concept in their minds while making a decision about the concept.
answer
classification
question
The period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age characterized by the active, appropriate use of logic.
answer
concrete operational stage
question
Piaget's principle that the amount of a substance is unaffected by changes in its appearance.
answer
conservation
question
Exposure of the student to intense English language skill development with a goal of mastering English basics within approximately 6 months.
answer
English as a second language (ESL)
question
A legally required document specifying a series of educational goals for a child with special needs.
answer
individual education plan (IEP)
question
designed to measure a person's ability to learn.
answer
Aptitude tests
question
The setting that is most similar to that of children without special needs.
answer
least restrictive environment
question
Helps organize ideas and formulate reactions to events.
answer
long-term memory
question
Two important dimensions of long-term memory are __________________ .
answer
storage and retrieval
question
The ability to "think about thinking."
answer
metacognition
question
This process allows children to evaluate a cognitive task and determine how best to accomplish it.
answer
metacognition
question
Body weight that is 20 percent or more above the weight that is considered ideal for the person's age and height (i.e. a BMI of 30 or more).
answer
obesity
question
Body weight that is up to 20 percent above the average for a person of a given height and weight ( i.e., a BMI between 25.5 and 29.9).
answer
overweight
question
The period of approximately 2 years that begins at the end of middle childhood and ends with the thirteenth birthday.
answer
preadolescence
question
The development of secondary sex characteristics that occurs two years immediately before puberty when the child is developing initial physical changes that herald sexual maturity.
answer
prepubescence
question
The period of growth and hormonal changes that occur when sexual organs mature and the secondary sex characteristics develop, beginning earlier for girls than for boys.
answer
puberty
question
The principle that two things may change in opposite ways in order to balance each other out (also known as inversion).
answer
reciprocity
question
The logical principle that sometimes a thing can be returned to its original state by reversing the process by which it was changed (e.g. freezing water; melting ice).
answer
reversibility
question
Refers to the person's overall and specific positive and negative self-evaluation.
answer
self-esteem
question
Refers to the child's tendency to evaluate his/her own behavior, abilities, expertise, and opinions by comparing them to those of others.
answer
social comparison
question
An IQ test designed specifically for school age children. The test assesses many abilities including vocabulary, general knowledge, memory, and spatial comprehension.
answer
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
question
Short term memory that helps people understand current information, and relate it to previous learned information.
answer
working memory
question
Height and weight changes during middle childhood reflect as a _____________ pace.
answer
slower but steady
question
Between ages six and twelve, children will grow an average of ______ per year with a resultant height gain of ________.
answer
21 inches and 2-3 feet
question
They will also double their weight, increasing_________per year .
answer
4 ½ to 6 ½ lb
question
The average six-year-old child is about ______ tall and weighs _______
answer
46 inches and 46 lb.
question
The average twelve-year-old is _________tall and weighs _________.
answer
59 inches and 88 lb.
question
Two common chronic health problems that emerge during this developmental period are _____________________
answer
asthma and childhood obesity
question
is a measure used to determine if children have a weight problem.
answer
Body mass index
question
In children and teens, BMI is both age-and sex-specific. It is often referred to as...
answer
BMI-for-age.
question
Start slowly. A child who has not exercised should start with __________ of exercise a day and gradually build up over a _______ period to thirty minutes a day.
answer
5 minutes, 10 weeks
question
Do not make exercise a __________________ (e.g., using jumping jacks or sit-ups for infractions). This only reinforces exercise as a negative experience.
answer
punishment
question
In addition to physical growth and development, the school-age child continues significant maturation in ...
answer
cognitive abilities
question
the period of cognitive development between seven and twelve years of age
answer
concrete operational stage
question
this stage is characterized by the active, appropriate use of logic.
answer
concrete operational stage
question
during this stage Children begin to acquire the ability to relate a series of events to mental representations that can be expressed both verbally and symbolically.
answer
concrete operational stage
question
during this stage children develop an understanding of the relationships between ideas and progress—from making judgments based on what they see (perceptual thinking) to making judgments on what they reason (conceptual judgment).
answer
concrete operational stage
question
Children in this age group master the concept of ____________ (i.e., they understand that 3 + 5 = 8 and that 8 - 5 = 3).
answer
conservation
question
They also develop _________ and are able to sort objects according to the attributes they share, place things in a sensible and logical order, and hold a concept in their minds while making a decision about the concept.
answer
classification skills
question
This is the growth period when children develop the ______________—a skill critical to their ability to explore, imagine, and understand.
answer
ability to read
question
the teacher neither speaks to the children in their native language, nor allows the children to speak to each other in their native language.
answer
English as a second language (ESL)
question
requires that the teacher use both English and the students' native language. The hope is to see progression in both languages. Informal conversation between teachers and students is usually in the children's native tongue as are conversations between peers.
answer
Bilingual education
question
refers to a person's potential to learn a particular skill or body of knowledge.
answer
aptitude
question
In school-age children, __________________or the ability to learn, is a priority.
answer
intellectual aptitude
question
one of the primary reasons for the criticism of using IQ tests is that only in theory can a test measure potential without also measuring a child's_________________________ .
answer
achievement and cultural background
question
one of the primary reasons for the criticism of using IQ tests is that A person's intellectual ability is not________ or a score tied to chronological age that measures a person's abilities at a moment in time—and it does not reflect the changes that occur in a developing person.
answer
static
question
one of the primary reasons for the criticism of using IQ tests is that In addition to academic intelligence, humans have other types of intelligence such as ________ intelligence and __________intelligence. IQ tests do not consider these.
answer
creative & practical
question
Difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities.
answer
Learning disabilities
question
A learning disability marked by inattention, impulsiveness, frustration, and inappropriate
answer
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
question
A significantly sub-average level of intellectual functioning which occurs with related limitations in two or more skill areas.
answer
Intellectual disability
question
An intellectual disability in which IQ scores fall in the range of 50 to 70.
answer
Mild intellectual disability
question
An intellectual disability in which IQ scores range from around 35 to 55.
answer
Moderate intellectual disability
question
An intellectual disability in which IQ scores range from around 20 to 40.
answer
Severe intellectual disability
question
An intellectual disability in which IQ scores fall below 25.
answer
Profound intellectual disability
question
A two parent family with a father, mother, and their biological children
answer
Nuclear
question
A two parent family with A parent, his or her biological children, and his or her spouse, who is not biologically related to the children.
answer
Stepparent
question
A two parent family with Two adults, the biological children from a previous union of one or both adults, and any children the adults have together.
answer
Blended
question
A family with one or more non-biological children who an adult individual or couple have voluntarily, legally, and permanently taken to raise as their own.
answer
Adoptive
question
Children living in their grandparents' home, either with their parents (extended family) or without them (grandparents alone).
answer
Grandparent
question
Three or more generations of biologically related individuals.
answer
Extended
question
A homosexual couple and the biological or adopted children of one or both parties.
answer
Homosexual
question
One or more orphaned, neglected, abused, or delinquent children temporarily cared for by an adult, individual, or couple to whom they are not biologically related.
answer
Foster
question
does not present itself in a similar fashion to the adult version.
answer
Childhood depression
question
may present itself as exaggerated fears, clinginess, or avoidance of everyday activities. In older children, behaviors may include sulkiness, school problems, and acts of delinquency.
answer
Childhood depression
question
refers to children who refuse to go to school or demonstrate extreme reluctance to go to school for a sustained period of time. This behavior is the result of extreme anxiety or fear of school-related experiences. The terms "school refusal" and school avoidance are also used to describe this behavior.
answer
School phobia
question
It affects both boys and girls in all socioeconomic classes. Children may exhibit nausea, headache, leg pain, abdominal pain, and even low-grade fever. A classic feature of school phobia is the elimination of the symptoms when the child is allowed to stay home. Symptoms are also absent on weekends and holidays.
answer
School phobia
question
is the repeated, systematic effort to inflict physical, verbal, or social attacks.
answer
Bullying
question
Boy victims are often____________, while girl victims are often _________
answer
physically weaker and shy
question
Bullies and their victims are usually of the same __________ Boy victims are often physically weaker, while girl victims are often shy.
answer
gender
question
one of the reasons school age children learn languages so well thier high-functioning 5_____________
answer
working memory
question
this refers to how a family is legally constructed and genetically related
answer
structure
question
is defined as relatives who live together in the same household
answer
family structure
question
refers to how a family works togather to meet the needs of its members
answer
family function
question
this family function refers to providing food, clothing, shelter and medical care
answer
economic
question
this family function refers to the support of the aquisition of academic skills needed to function in society
answer
educational
question
this family function refers to providing love, helping family members develop self esteem, providing harmony and stability witthin the family, providing members with safety and security during times of crisis, and providing a predictable family routine
answer
affective
question
this family function refers to nuturing friendships and relationships with outside friend, neighbors and institutions
answer
social
question
this ability to be taught this ia best in the school years related to the eagerness to communicate, abilty to learn, understanding of logic, and skill at pronunciation
answer
second language
question
this is the age when children are prime candidates for learning a second language
answer
7-11
question
he indentified 8 distinct human intelligences and if one supports his work, then schools need to develop broader cirriculums to meet the needs of its diverse populations
answer
howard gardner
question
considered middle childhood a quiet time, a period of latency
answer
freud
question
Freud believed the __________ experienced in middle childhood allowed children to assimilate cultutral values, increase thier cognitive skills and expand socila networks
answer
clamness
question
he agreed with Freud that middles childhood was a quiet emotional period
answer
Erikson
question
Erikson thought that during middle childhood a child's previous _____________ was now challenged by serious skills and tasks that must be learned
answer
active imagination
