Lifeguard Written Test – Flashcards
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List one decision that a lifeguard may have to make?
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F.I.N.D
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The FIND model stands for:
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Figure out the problem, identify the possible solutions, name the pros and cons for each solution, decide which solutions is best
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Duty to act _____
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A legal responsibility to respond to an emergency while on the job.
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Standard of care
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The benchmark by which the actions of a caregiver with similar training and experience is measured.
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Negligence _____
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A failure to act or to use reasonable care that results in injury or that causes further harm.
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Good Samaritan laws _____
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Statutes that generally provide legal protection to people who willingly (without a duty to act) give emergency care without being negligent or accepting anything in return
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Consent ______
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Permission to provide care given by an injured adult or the parent of an injured child to a rescuer or caregiver. This permission is implied when the adult is unresponsive or the child is unattended.
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Refusal of care ______
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An unwillingness to receive first aid or medical treatment expressed by a victim (or the victim's parent or guardian) who must give consent.
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Abandonment ______
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The failure to continue care once it has been initiated.
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Confidentiality _____
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The safeguarding of a victim's right to privacy as it concerns his or her medical condition, etc.
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Documentation _____
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A form, like an accident report, that describes what was seen, heard, and done during an emergency.
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As you keep in mind the legal considerations explained in this chapter, read the following scenario and answer the related questions: A female patron slips and falls on the deck. She hits her head, and it is lightly bleeding. You ask for consent, but the patron refuses. She says she will get dressed and go home. a. What should you do? A few minutes after the patron enters the locker room, another patron comes out and says the woman is now unconscious in the locker room. b. Should you help the patron now? Why or why not?
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A- fill out a report and ask her to sign if not, write that down on the documentations.B- Then you would help her because she is unconscious it is called implied consent
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What is the importance of the lifeguard team?
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working together, following rules and regulations, acting fast when it comes to an emergency, and understanding how to wok like a team
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The lifeguard team is part of a larger team - the _______________ ________________ team.
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the lifeguard team and the safety team
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how to prevent injuries
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patron safety
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risk management
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identifying dangerous conditions/ behaviors that can cause injury and then taking steps to minimize them
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preventive life guarding
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most time will be spent on trying to make sure emergencies don't happen
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what are some examples of life- threatening injures
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submersion (nonfatal/drowning). injuries to the head, neck or back (spiral injuries), unconsciousness. breathing emergencies, cardiac emergencies, severe bleeding
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what are the most two serious aquatic emergencies to prevent
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drowning and head,neck and back injuries
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Drowning
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happens when a person suffocates in the water
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How are patrons informed of a potential injury at an aquatic facility
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Rules and regulations
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Rules and regulations
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Lifeguards need to understand the rules and regulations of the facility where they work, rules do not keep patron from having fun, but are for every ones health and safety
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when are safety checks conducted
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before opening the facility, during daily operations,at closing
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what to do if you find an unsafe condition
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correct it if possible before the facility opens, if you cannot correct the problem, tell the LG supervisor immediately
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While you are conducting a safety check, you find a large crack on the pool deck near the deep end. you should-
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close off the area and tell the lifeguard supervisor right away
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Weather conditions
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Lightning and thunderstorms happen more often in the summer.
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what should lifeguards do in the event of a thunder and lightning
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clear everyone from the water at the first sound of thunder or first sight of lighting.
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Patron surveillance
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a lifeguards primary responsibility is to ensure patron safety and protect lives.
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what is the primary tool to accomplish that function is patron surveillance -
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keeping a close watch over people in the facility, you will spend most of your time on patron surveillance, you must be alert and attentive at all times
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what is the RID factor
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most drownings at supervised swim areas happen when neither lifeguards nor patrons notice that a victim had slipped below the surface
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RID stands for
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Recognition Instructive Distraction
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EAP(s)stands for
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Emergency action plans
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What are EAP(s)
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detailed plans describing everyone's responsibilities in an emergency and should be in the facility policies and procedures manual
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When should EAP be practiced
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Regularly during orientation and in- service training sessions.
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What are 4 signals that would help you recognize an emergency?
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Unusual sighs, unusual odors, unusual behaviors, and unusual noises
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If someone does not give consent, what do you do?
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Call 9-1-1
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What are situations in which you would call 9-1-1?
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No signs of life, no breathing, unconsciousness, seizures, apparent poisoning, injured arm with bone showing through the skin, deep burn on face, trouble breathing, and severe bleeding that does not stop.
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What are situations in which you would move a victim?
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When the scene is unsafe, and when someone else is more injured and you need to get to that other person
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What are ways you could minimize disease transmission?
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Avoid touching, breathing, and biting the person
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What are steps you would talk in checking a conscious person?
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Check the scene, obtain consent, call 911, as the person what's their name, what happened, any allergies, where is the pain, any medical conditions, and is there any medications they take?
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What would you do if someone was in shock?
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Call 911, have the person lie down, and control and external bleeding
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What is the best way to check to see if a person is unconscious?
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Ask them, "Are you okay, are you okay?"
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What is the most important step to take in an emergency situation?
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Call 911
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What are the signs of troubled breathing?
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Slow or rapid breathing,, usually deep or shallow breathing, gasping for breath, unusually moist or cool skin, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, and apprehensive or fearful feelings.
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What care should you give to a conscious adult who is choking and cannot cough, speak, or breathe?
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Abdominal back thrusts and back blows
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How long do you check for signs of life?
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10 seconds
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How long should one rescue breathe be?
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1 second
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What are the signs of a heart attack?
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Trouble breathing, chest pain, loss of consciousness, discomfort, and nausea
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How many cycles of CPR should be preformed in 2 minutes on an adult?
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5 cycles
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What is one cycle of compressions and breaths in CPR for an adult?
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30 compressions, 2 rescue breaths
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Why is early CPR an important link in the cardiac chain of survival?
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It helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs until an AED is ready to use or emergency medical personnel arrives.
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Why should you stop giving CPR?
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If the scene becomes unsafe, you find a sign of life, AED is ready to use, you are too exhausted to continue, or another trained responder takes over.
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What are the steps in treating a burn?
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Check the scene for safety, stop the burning by removing the person from the source of the burn, check for life threatening conditions, cool the burn with large amounts of cold running water, cover the burn loosely, with a sterile dressing, prevent infection, take steps to minimize shock, keep the person from getting chilled or overheated, comfort and reassure the person.
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How should a splint be applied?
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Around the injury, top and bottom, check for skin discoloration and circulation
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How do you care for a person who is having a seizure?
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You call 911 and try to calm them down
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What is a stroke?
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Blood clot to the brain
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What is a diabetic emergency?
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When diabetics have too much sugar or don't have enough and need sugar.
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What is a open fracture?
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Bone sticking out of skin
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What do you do for someone suffering from heat exhaustion?
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Give them cool water, elevate them, call 911, take off their clothes, and get a fan on them.
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What are the stages of heat exhaustion from least to most severe?
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Cramps, exhaustion, and heat stroke
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How should you care for someone with frostbite?
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Keep the blood flowing, get cold wet clothes, anything wet off of them.
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What are the steps in caring for a bleeding wound?
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Apply pressure, wrap around the wound
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What are the signs for internal bleeding?
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Can taste iron, red / blue skin, tender, swollen or bruised skin, vomiting, or coughing blood.
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What does FAST stand for?
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Face, arm, speech, and time.
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What do you do when someone who is allergic is stung by a bee?
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Call 911
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If you suspect that a conscious person has been poisoned who do you call?
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Poison control center
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Characterisitcs of a Professional Lifeguard. Lifeguards must be...
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knowledgable with appropriate skills, reliable, mature, couteous and consistent, positive, and professional.
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How to stay healthy and fit.
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exercise, eat and hydrate properly, rest adequately, use sun protection, and refrain from using alcohol and other drugs.
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Overexposure to the sun can cause...
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sunburn, skin cancer, dehydration, heat exaustion, and heat stroke.
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Dehydration
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When a person loses more fluids than he/she consumes.
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Primary Responsibilities
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Preventing injuries, enforcing rules, recognizing and responding quickly to emergencies, administering first aid and CPR, and informing others when help is needed.
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Secondary Responsibilities
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Filling out records and reports, maintenance, and inspecting the facility.
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Job Description
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Responsible for ensuring the safety of facility patrons by preventing and responding to emergencies.
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FIND - F
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Figure out the problem
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FIND - I
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Identify possible solutions
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FIND - N
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Name the pros and cons for each solution
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FIND - D
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Decide which solution is best
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When is the FIND model used?
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When making a desicion, but never in emergencies.
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Duty to act
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Your legal responsibility to do something in the case of an emergency
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Standard of care
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Communication to help prevent injuries, victim recognition, rescue attempts, and emergency care according to level of training.
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Negligence
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Failure in following standard of care by failing to provide care, providing too much care (outside of your scope of training), providing innapropriate care, or failing to prevent problems.
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Good Samaritan Laws
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Protection for people who help someone within their scope of training and w/o negligence while not being paid. Good people, do good things!
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What are 4 signals that would help you recognize an emergency?
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Unusual sighs, unusual odors, unusual behaviors, and unusual noises
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If someone does not give consent, what do you do?
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Call 9-1-1
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What are situations in which you would call 9-1-1?
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No signs of life, no breathing, unconsciousness, seizures, apparent poisoning, injured arm with bone showing through the skin, deep burn on face, trouble breathing, and severe bleeding that does not stop.
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What are situations in which you would move a victim?
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When the scene is unsafe, and when someone else is more injured and you need to get to that other person
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What are ways you could minimize disease transmission?
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Avoid touching, breathing, and biting the person
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What are steps you would talk in checking a conscious person?
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Check the scene, obtain consent, call 911, as the person what's their name, what happened, any allergies, where is the pain, any medical conditions, and is there any medications they take?
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What would you do if someone was in shock?
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Call 911, have the person lie down, and control and external bleeding
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What is the best way to check to see if a person is unconscious?
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Ask them, "Are you okay, are you okay?"
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What is the most important step to take in an emergency situation?
answer
Call 911
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What are the signs of troubled breathing?
answer
Slow or rapid breathing,, usually deep or shallow breathing, gasping for breath, unusually moist or cool skin, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, and apprehensive or fearful feelings.
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What care should you give to a conscious adult who is choking and cannot cough, speak, or breathe?
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Abdominal back thrusts and back blows
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What are the signs of a heart attack?
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Trouble breathing, chest pain, loss of consciousness, discomfort, and nausea
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Why is early CPR an important link in the cardiac chain of survival?
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It helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs until an AED is ready to use or emergency medical personnel arrives.
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Why should you stop giving CPR?
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If the scene becomes unsafe, you find a sign of life, AED is ready to use, you are too exhausted to continue, or another trained responder takes over.
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What are the steps in treating a burn?
answer
Check the scene for safety, stop the burning by removing the person from the source of the burn, check for life threatening conditions, cool the burn with large amounts of cold running water, cover the burn loosely, with a sterile dressing, prevent infection, take steps to minimize shock, keep the person from getting chilled or overheated, comfort and reassure the person.
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How should a splint be applied?
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Around the injury, top and bottom, check for skin discoloration and circulation
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How do you care for a person who is having a seizure?
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You call 911 and try to calm them down
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What is a stroke?
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Blood clot to the brain
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What is a diabetic emergency?
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When diabetics have too much sugar or don't have enough and need sugar.
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What is a open fracture?
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Bone sticking out of skin
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What do you do for someone suffering from heat exhaustion?
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Give them cool water, elevate them, call 911, take off their clothes, and get a fan on them.
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What are the stages of heat exhaustion from least to most severe?
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Cramps, exhaustion, and heat stroke
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How should you care for someone with frostbite?
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Keep the blood flowing, get cold wet clothes, anything wet off of them.
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What are the steps in caring for a bleeding wound?
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Apply pressure, wrap around the wound
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What are the signs for internal bleeding?
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Can taste iron, red / blue skin, tender, swollen or bruised skin, vomiting, or coughing blood.
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What does FAST stand for?
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Face, arm, speech, and time.
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What do you do when someone who is allergic is stung by a bee?
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Call 911
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If you suspect that a conscious person has been poisoned who do you call?
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Poison control center
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victim shows signs of life, EMS arrives, AED arrives and is switched on, you are too exhausted, scene become unsafe
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when should you stop CPR/giving care?
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Check, call, care
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3 C's
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Victim might go into surgery
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why should you not give your victim food ever?
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Adult-head to toe, Child-toe to head
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how do you check a adult that's conscious, or a child?
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10
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for every one minute care is delayed, your victim loses ____% chance of survival
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shows signs of restlessness, vomiting, pale complexion, irregular breathing, half-conscious
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how do you know if your victim is in shock?
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thirst for water
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what will the victim do in shock that is most important to check for? (Hint: *food*)
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Head tilt, chin lift
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what to do after rolling victim face up
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tap and shout
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what to do if you see a victim that seems to be unconscious? *before CPR*
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1 second, make chest clearly rise
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how long should one breath be, and what should it do to your victim?
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call 911
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if your victim is having cardiac arrest, what do you do first?
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when your heart stops beating entirely
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definition of cardiac arrest
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early recognition, early CPR, early defibrillation, early EMS care
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4 Early's
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encourage further coughs
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if victim is coughing for choking, _____the victim to do _____?
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5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts
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what to do to a choking victim if conscious
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find navel, fist right above navel
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where do you thrust, and where does your fist go?
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remove barrier, 30 chest compressions
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if two breaths and two others don't go in on an unconscious adult, what do you do?
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airway, breathing, circulation
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what are the ABC's
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upper right, lower left
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where do the AED pads go? think for them- left right difference....
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turn on
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what to do if AED is nearby *First*
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CPR (definition)
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
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Automatic External Defibrillator
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AED's meaning
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bare dry skin
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where do the pads of AED have to go? (*Hint*: skin)
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break ribs
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what is an *effective* chest compression do?
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rolling into recovery
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how do you check a conscious victim
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EAP
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Emergency Action Plan
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HAINES Recovery Position
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High Arm in Endangered Spine
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EMS
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Emergency Medical Services
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ENAMES
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-Environmental Hazards -Number of Victims -Additional Resources -Mechanism of Injury -Extrication -Spinal Precautions
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CABC
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-Consciousness --> Call 911 (Glove-up) -Airway (Open) -Breathing -Circulation
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SAMPLE(D)
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-Signs and Symptoms -Age/Allergies -Medication -Past Medical History -Last oral intake -Events Proceeding -(Drugs/Diseases)
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Obstructed Airway
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• 30 Compressions • Check for objects • 2 Breaths
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CPR (act of)
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• 30 compressions (up to 2.5 in. for adult, 2in. for kids, 1.5in. for infants) • 2 Breaths
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Types of Rescues and Assists
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-Simple Assist -Reaching Assist -Active Front Rescue -Active Rear Rescue -Passive Rear Rescue -Submerged Shallow/Deep Water
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4 Things to help ensure victim survival
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Early Recognition/Response, Early CPR, Early Defibrillation, Early EMS Arrival
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Cardiac Arrest
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failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
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Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)
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abnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles
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Ventricular tachycardia
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abnormal heart rhythm in which the heart contracts too rapidly
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Hepatitis C
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a liver disease that is the common bloodborne infection in the United States
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2 Person CPR Ratios
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Adult: still 30:2 Child or Infant: 15:2
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Secondary Assessment Mnemonic
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S~signs and symptoms A~allergies M~medications P~pertinent Past Medical Information L~last Oral Intake E~events leading up to incident
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Signs and Symptoms
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What happened? Do you feel any pain or discomfort? Where? Do you have any numbness? Where?
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Allergies
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Are you allergic to any foods or medications? What is your reaction?
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Medications
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Do you have any conditions you are medicated for? What are the medications? What are the conditions? What medications have you taken in the past 12 hours?
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Pertinent Past Medical Information
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Have you had any recent falls, accidents, or blows to the head? Have you had any recent medical, surgical, or trauma incidents?
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Last Oral Intake
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What was the last thing you had to eat? When? What was the last thing you had to drink? When?
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Events Leading Up to the Incident
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What were you doing before this happened? What were you doing when this happened?
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Infant and Child CPR
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1 Rescuer- 30 compressions per 2 breaths 2 Rescuer- 15 compressions per 1 breath
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Adult CPR
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1 Rescuer- 30 compressions per 2 breaths 2 Rescuer- 30 compressions per 2 breaths
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