Life Span Developmental Psychology Answers – Flashcards
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Science of human development
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Seeks to understand how and why all people, everywhere, of every age, change or remain the same over time.
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The Scientific Method
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A way to answer questions that requires empirical research and databased conclusions.
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The five basic steps of Scientific Method
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1. Pose a research question. 2. Develop a hypothesis. 3. Test the hypothesis. 4. Draw conclusions. 5. Report the results, allowing for replication.
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Hypothesis
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A specific prediction that can be tested.
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Nature
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Refers to all the traits that a person inherits from his or her parents.
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Nurture
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Refers to all the environmental influences that affect development.
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Socioeconomic Status---SES
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Determined by an individuals income, wealth, education, place of residence, and occupation.
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Ethnic Group
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A collection of people whose ancestors were born in the same region, usually sharing a language, culture, and religion.
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Experiment
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Designed to establish the cause of behavior.
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Independent Variable
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The variable that is manipulated in an experiment.
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Dependent Variable
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The variable measured in an experiment.
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Correlation
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Result indicating degree of relationship between the the two variables.
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In the science of human development, "nurture" refers to:
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Environmental influences.
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In a study of the effects of nutrition on school performance, test scores would likely be a....
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dependent variable.
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In an experiment, the group that receives the 'special' treatment is called the __________ group.
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Experimental
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What does it mean when a correlation exists between two variables.
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There is a relationship between the two variables.
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Most developmental psychologists believe that development is the result of....
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both nature and nurture.
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The science of human development seeks to understand what?
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How and why people change over time.
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Socioeconomic status refers to what?
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Social class
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Values, customs, clothing, and dwelling are part of a group's what?
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Culture
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The observation method is limited because of what?
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It does not provide information as to what causes the behavior.
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To establish what causes a behavior, what research method must be used.
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Experiment
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List the three grand theories?
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1. Psychoanalytic Theory 2. Behaviorism 3. Cognitive
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Define Psychoanalytic Theory
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A grand theory of human development that holds that irrational, unconscious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior.
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Who believed that Development in the first six years occurs in 3 stages, each characterized by sexual interest and pleasure centered on a particular part of the body?
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Sigmund Freud
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He stressed cultural diversity, social change, and psychological crisis throughout the life span that is characterized by a particular challenge or developmental crisis.
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Erik Erikson
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Behaviorism
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A grand theory of human development that studies observable behavior. It is also called Learning Theory because it describes the laws and processes by which behavior is learned.
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John B. Watson
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Argued that, if psychology was to be a true science, psychologists should examine only what they could see and measure: Behavior, not irrational thoughts and hidden urges.
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Albert Bandura
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Believed that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling.
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Cognitive Theory
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A grand theory of human development that focuses on changes in how people think over time.
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He believed that to understand human behavior, one must understand how a person thinks.
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Jean Piaget
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Humanism
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A theory that stresses the potential of all humans for good and the belief that all people have the same basic needs, regardless of culture, gender, or background.
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Psychoanalytic theories
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This theory contributes: Have made us aware of the impact of early-childhood experiences, remembered or not, on subsequent development.
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This theory contributes:Has shown the effect that immediate responses, associations, and examples have on learning, moment by moment, and over time.
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Behaviorism
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Faulted for being too subjective.
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Psychoanalytical theory
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Psychoanalytic theory
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interprets human development in terms of inner drives and motives, which are unconscious and irrational and originate in childhood.
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Faulted for being too mechanic.
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Behaviorism
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Zone of Proximal Development
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A metaphorical area or "zone," surrounding a learner that includes all the skills, knowledge, and concepts that the person is close to acquiring but cannot yet master without help.
