Lesson 5, Unit 5 Chemistry A: Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases – Flashcards
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Acids
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a compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
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What is an acid consisted of?
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the acid consists of an anion combined with as many hydrogen ions that are needed to make the molecule electrically neutral
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All monatomic anions have names ending in -__.
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ide
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How do you name an acid with an ending of -ide?
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Change the -ide to -ic and add the prefix hydro- ...."What we -ate was -ic, but it was -ite with -ous"
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Name the acids HCl & H2S.
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HCl Cl-=chloride So *hydro*chlor*ic* acid H2S S2- =sulfide *hydro*sulfur*ic* acid
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When naming acids with anions ending in -ate, what do you do?
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You change the -ate to *-ic* & *keep any prefixes the anion* may have.
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When naming acids with anions ending in -ite, what do you do?
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change -ite to -ous. *keep any prefixes the anion* may have.
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Name H2SO4
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SO4(charge=2-)=sulfate sulfuric acid
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Name HNO2
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NO2(charge=-)=nitrite nitrous acid
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If the hypobromite ion has the formula BrO-, what is the formula for perbromic acid?
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BrO-=hydrobromite-->HBrO=hydrobromous acid BrO2=bromite-->HBrO2=bromous acid BrO3=bromate--> HBO3=bromic acid BrO4-=perbromate-->HBrO4=perbromic acid
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When the name of the anion ends in -ide, what is the acid names prefix?
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hydro-
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If the acids name begins with the prefix hydro, what can you guess about the stem of the anions suffix?
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-ic
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If the anions name ends in -ite, what is the acid names suffix?
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-ous
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H2SO3
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(X=sulfite) sulfurous acid.
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If the anion name ends in -ate, what is the acid names suffix?
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-ic
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HNO3
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(X=nitrate) is named nitric acid
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Hydrochloric acid
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HCl
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Sulfuric acid
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H2SO4
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Nitric acid
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HNO3
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Acetic acid
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CH3COOH
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Phosphoric acid
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H3PO4
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Carbonic acid
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H2CO3
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Hydrobromic acid
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hydrobromic acid (prefix-hydro, suffix-ice) is a combination of hydrogen ion and bromide ion. the formula is HBr
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phosphorous acid
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hydrogen ion and phosphite ion (PO3) must be the components so. H3PO3.
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formic acid
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(-ic ending) hydrogen and formate ion (HCOO-). so HCOOH.
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The name of an acid begins with the prefix hydro- when the name of the anion ends in -___.
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ide
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base
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ionic compound that produces *hydroxide* ions when dissolved in water
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How are bases named?
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The name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion.
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How do you write the formulas for bases?
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Write the symbol for the metal cation followed by the formula for the hydroxide ion. Balance the ionic charges
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Aluminum hydroxide
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Al3+ hydroxide=OH- So you need three hydroxide ions to balance the formula. So the formula is Al(OH)3
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Ammonium Hydroxide
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ammonium=NH4 with 1+ charge hydroxide=OH with charge 1- NH4OH
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Bases use the same naming conventions as other ____ compounds.
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ionic
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The rules for writing the names of acids are used in reverse to write the _______ for acids
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formulas
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Write the names of these bases. LiOH Pb(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3
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Lithium hydroxide lead(II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide
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Give the names of these acids. HNO2 HMnO4 HCN H2S
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HNO2...NO2 is nitrite.... so nitrous acid HMnO4... MnO4 is permanganate ion...so permanganic acid HCN... CN is cyanide ion.... so hydrocyanic acid H2S.. S is sulfide.... so hydrosulfuric acid
