question

Which institution was established after World War II to regulate the global economy in order to prevent another depression?

answer

International Monetary Fund

question

In the 1930s which group in particular came to exercise a more dominant role in Japanese political life?

answer

The military

question

What distinguished Japanese authoritarian government in the 1930s from that of Mussolini's Italy and Nazi Germany?

answer

Japan created a less repressive and more pluralistic society than either Germany or Italy.

question

Which of the following was an important impact of World War I on Europe's overseas colonies?

answer

Many colonial troops who served in World War I expected better treatment as a reward for their service.

question

Which of the following was an important political legacy of World War I?

answer

The war created the context in which the first communist country in the world emerged.

question

Which of the following supported the economic revival of Japan following World War II?

answer

Reliance on the United States military for security allowed Japan to spend about 1 percent of its gross national product on defense each year.

question

Which of the following was a goal of "democratic socialism" in Britain, France, and Scandinavia during the Depression?

answer

They sought a more equal distribution of wealth. → They sought a more equal distribution of wealth through peaceful means and electoral politics along with greater government regulation of the markets.

question

What did the United States require of Western European countries who wished to receive aid under the Marshall Plan?

answer

They required that the European recipients of aid cooperate with one another. → The process began in 1951 when Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg created the European Coal and Steel Community, the precursor to the European Economic Community.

question

Which of the following was a distinctive social development that occurred in the aftermath of World War I?

answer

A new consumerism based on consumption of new types of goods took root in Western countries. → A new consumerism did take root, encouraging those who could to acquire cars, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, electric irons, gas ovens, and other newly available products.

question

Which of the following was a reason for the failure of the League of Nations?

answer

The United States refused to join the League, weakening it before it ever started. → Despite the fact that it was the brainchild of President Woodrow Wilson, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty that would have made the United States a member, weakening the League and calling its effectiveness into question.

question

Which of the following is true of President Roosevelt's New Deal program?

answer

It sought to create a social safety net for the poor. → It created the Social Security system, the minimum wage, and various relief and welfare programs designed to sustain the unemployed, poor, and elderly.

question

Which of the following was a legacy of World War I?

answer

Many people felt a widespread disillusionment with European values. → World War I caused a massive moral and spiritual crisis in which many questioned their assumptions about European superiority.

question

Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression in the United States?

answer

Bank closures and loss of life savings → Banks did close and many people lost their life savings when the stock market collapsed in 1929.

question

Which of the following best reflects Japan's experience of the Great Depression?

answer

The Depression energized a growing movement in Japanese political life known as Radical Nationalism or the Revolutionary Right. → Expressed in dozens of small groups, it was especially appealing to younger army officers. The movement's many separate organizations shared an extreme nationalism, hostility to parliamentary democracy, a commitment to elite leadership, and dedication to foreign expansion.

question

Suspecting that they were aiding their enemies, Ottoman authorities during World War I massacred or deported an estimated 1 million

answer

Armenians. → The Ottomans deported or massacred an estimated 1 million Armenians who they believed were collaborating with their enemy the Russians.

question

Since its foundation in 1957, which of the following has the European Economic Community (EEC) (after 1994 known as the European Union) accomplished?

answer

It has expanded its membership to include almost all of Europe. → Its membership has increased to include almost all of Europe, including many former communist states.

question

Which of the following steps did the Nazis take against Jews in the 1930s?

answer

Jews were stripped of their German citizenship. → Jews were deprived of their citizenship under the Nuremberg Laws of 1935.

question

What ultimately pulled the United States out of the Great Depression?

answer

Massive military spending upon entry into World War II → It was the massive government spending required by World War II that brought an end to the Great Depression.

question

Who was the prominent British economist in the first half of the twentieth century who argued that government actions and spending programs could moderate the recessions and depressions to which capitalist economies were prone?

answer

John Maynard Keynes → Keynes's arguments represented a departure from standard economic thinking.

question

What event was the spark that ignited World War I?

answer

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy → The assassination of Franz Ferdinand (and his wife Sophie) by a Serbian nationalist triggered the First World War.

question

Who was the Mexican leader during the Great Depression who nationalized the Mexican oil industry that had been dominated by American capital?

answer

Lazaro Cardenas → President between 1934 and 1940, Cardenas pushed land reform, favored Mexican workers over foreign interests, and nationalized an oil industry dominated by American capital.

question

In what region did Japan launch a series of new military operations in 1940-1941 to secure natural resources?

answer

European colonial possessions in Southeast Asia → Japan launched a series of attacks on European and American colonial possessions in Southeast Asia including Indochina, Indonesia, Burma, and the Philippines.

question

Which of the following was a condition of the Treaty of Versailles?

answer

Jews were promised a national homeland in Palestine. → In the Balfour Declaration of 1917, the government of Great Britain promised to support the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.

question

Which of the following states was an ally of Germany in World War I?

answer

Ottoman Empire → The Ottoman Empire entered the conflict on the side of Germany.

question

What two new major states disrupted the balance of European power in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Germany and Italy → Both Germany and Italy became unified states in 1870 and rapidly became significant international players.

question

Which of the following was an important factor in the staggering number of casualties suffered by all sides in World War I?

answer

New military technologies contributed to higher casualties. → Rapid industrialization had generated an array of novel weapons, including submarines, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, machine guns, and barbed wire which proved horrifically deadly on the battlefield.

question

Which of the following is an example of the global impact of World War I?

answer

The Japanese gained territories in the Pacific and China at the expense of the Germans. → The Japanese allied with Britain and took various German possessions in China and the Pacific.

question

What motivated the United States to establish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949?

answer

The communist threat posed by the Soviet Union → The communist threat posed by the Soviet Union along with the more distant threat of renewed German aggression motivated the United States.

question

What was the Marshall Plan implemented by the United States after World War II?

answer

It was a plan to rebuild and reshape the shattered European economies in Western Europe. → The United States funneled some $12 billion together with numerous advisers and technicians in the Marshall Plan as they sought to rebuild and reshape European economies.

question

What role did nationalism play in the outbreak of World War I?

answer

Millions of ordinary Europeans actively supported the decision to go to war in defense of their nations. → Schools, mass media, and military service convinced millions of ordinary Europeans that their national identities were profoundly and personally meaningful.

question

Which statement best describes the U.S. role in World War I?

answer

The United States entered the war late but played an important role in the defeat of Germany. → The United States didn't enter the war until 1917, but the arrival of American troops played a key role in the Allied victory.

question

Which of the following was a policy of Getulio Vargas when he served as dictator of Brazil between 1930 and 1945?

answer

He gave the state considerable power over both unions and employers. → As part of his efforts to modernize the urban industrial sector, he gave the state considerable power over both unions and employers.

question

Which of the following factors helped lead to the outbreak of World War I?

answer

Intense nationalism in Europe → The early twentieth century saw unprecedented levels of national enthusiasm in Europe, accompanied by great longing for military glory.

question

Which of the following were the Allies as opposed to the Axis powers in World War II?

answer

United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union → These were the Allied powers once the United States was drawn into the war in 1941.

question

In 1949 what political and military alliance was formed under the leadership of the United States to counter the distant threat of renewed German aggression and the more immediate communist threat from the Soviet Union?

answer

North Atlantic Treaty Organization → The North Atlantic Treaty Organization committed the United States and its nuclear arsenal to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union, and it firmly anchored West Germany within the Western alliance.

question

In what respect were World War I and World War II similar?

answer

In both wars, large numbers of colonial subjects were recruited into the war effort. → In both World War I and World War II extensive use was made of colonial troops and laborers, especially by the British.

question

What was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), established in 1951?

answer

It sought to jointly manage the production of these critical items. → The ECSC sought to jointly manage the production of these products, both to improve efficiency and to make a new arms race more difficult.

question

Published in Japan in 1937, The Cardinal Principles of Our National Polity was a[n]

answer

textbook used in Japanese schools. → The department of education issued the text, which was required reading for Japanese students.

question

What implication did World War II have for Europe's African and Asian colonial possessions?

answer

Many colonies secured their independence in the two decades following the war. → World War II had weakened both the ability and will of European powers to hold on to their colonies.

question

Which of the following factors helped lead to the outbreak of World War I?

answer

The development of war plans that spelled out in great detail the movement of men and materials at the outbreak of war → These war plans created a hair-trigger mentality, since each country had an incentive to strike first so that its particular strategy could be implemented on schedule and without interruption or surprise.

question

Which country saw the rise of a fascist movement that led to a bitter civil war in the late 1930s and the seizing of power by a right-wing regime?

answer

Spain → Spain fought a bitter civil war in the late 1930s that resulted in a dictatorial right-wing regime that lasted into the 1970s.

question

How did the political divisions in Europe change in the aftermath of World War II?

answer

Europe was effectively divided into two opposed groupings, one under the influence of the United States, the other under Soviet control. → Europe's western half operated under an American security umbrella, while its eastern half was subject to Soviet control.

question

How did the Nazis justify the mass killings associated with the Holocaust?

answer

The Nazi regime feared that the purity of the German race was threatened. → The Nazis murdered millions whom they deemed inferior, undesirable, or dangerous, including Jews; Russians, Poles and other Slavs; the Roma; mentally or physically handicapped people; homosexuals; communists; and Jehovah's Witnesses in order to maintain what they perceived as Germany's racial purity.

question

Which of the following measures brought Germany out of the Great Depression?

answer

The Nazi government's investment in infrastructure and rearmament → Hitler launched a bold and highly successful plan to rebuild and rearm Germany in the 1930s.

question

How did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?

answer

Hitler became chancellor by lawful election: his Nazi Party won the largest number of delegates to the German parliament, and he was invited to form a government. → Although the Nazis only won a minority of the vote at the end of 1932, they were still the single dominant power; following the parliamentary procedure of the day, Hitler was invited to create a coalition government.

question

What was an important difference between World War I and World War II?

answer

During World War I the western front in France became bogged down in trench warfare that emphasized defense, whereas during World War II offense proved decisive on this front as Germany subdued France in a quick campaign. → The German tactic of blitzkrieg proved effective in overwhelming allied forces in France.

question

How were the origins of World War II in Asia and Europe different?

answer

Japan and Germany were driven by very different motivations in their seizure of new territories during the lead-up to war. → Japan's initial conquests were driven primarily by a desire to acquire raw materials and other resources, whereas Germany's were driven primarily by strategic rivalries with neighboring powers.

question

Which of the following was true of middle- and upper-class people in fascist Germany and Italy?

answer

Some middle- and upper-class people found fascism attractive because they feared the rise of communism and socialism. → Some in the middle and upper classes viewed socialism and communism as a threat to their property and viewed the fascists as a more attractive alternative.

question

What is the euro?

answer

The euro is the name for the European common currency. → In 2002, the euro currency was introduced with twelve, later increasing to seventeen, member countries adopting it.

question

Which of the following statements best describes Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy?

answer

Mussolini came to power in an election, but voters were intimidated by the considerable violence of his followers. → Mussolini's Black Shirts waged a campaign of political intimidation and threats that led many people to vote for him out of fear.

question

Which of the following was a factor that contributed to the Great Depression?

answer

American farms and factories were producing more goods than could be sold. → American farms and factories were overproducing because a highly unequal distribution of wealth meant that many Americans could not afford to buy the products that American factories were churning out.

question

Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression in Latin America?

answer

Authoritarian populist governments took power across the region. → Authoritarian, populist, and interventionist governments experienced success during the period.

question

Which of the following was a critical feature of the twentieth century in Western Europe?

answer

Europe ceded leadership in the West to the United States by the 1950s. → Europe did cede leadership in the West to the United States during the twentieth century as the United States after World War II became both the dominant economic power in the West and Western Europe became dependent on the United States for its security.

question

Since its foundation in 1957, which of the following has the European Economic Community (EEC) (after 1994 known as the European Union) accomplished?

answer

It succeeded in creating common trade policies and a common currency used by many of its member nations. → It has succeeded in reducing trade tariffs levied on members, creating common trade policies, and launching a common currency known as the euro, which is used by a majority of the member nations.

question

Which region was most successful in weathering the Great Depression?

answer

Soviet Union → The Soviet Union's state-controlled economy generated impressive economic growth with almost no unemployment in the 1930s.

question

What was the New Deal?

answer

A collection of reforms intended to restart economic growth in the Depression-era United States → The New Deal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's great plan to shake America free of the Depression, included works programs as well as social reforms.

question

What was an outcome of the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949?

answer

The United States committed itself to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union. → The United States committed its armed forces and nuclear arms to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union.

question

Which of the following states was created from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I?

answer

Syria → Syria was one of several states created from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

question

Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression in Latin America?

answer

Military dictators took control of several states. → Military leaders promising strong government action seized control of a number of Latin American states.

question

Which of the following reflected the balance of power in Europe between 1815 and 1870?

answer

A fragile and fluctuating balance of power had generally maintained peace among Europe's major powers. → In general, a fragile and fluctuating balance of power was maintained during the period, but as World War I showed the possibility of war remained.

question

Since its foundation in 1957, which of the following has the European Economic Community (EEC) (after 1994 known as the European Union) accomplished?

answer

It succeeded in creating common trade policies and a common currency used by many of its member nations. → It has succeeded in reducing trade tariffs levied on members, creating common trade policies, and launching a common currency known as the euro, which is used by a majority of the member nations.

question

Which of the following was a policy typical of the authoritarian governments that secured power in Latin America during the Great Depression?

answer

They created state-run industries and protected them through tariffs. → They created state-run industries protected by tariffs and also favored local businesses.

question

Which of the following best characterizes Western Europe's twentieth-century experience?

answer

Self-destruction followed by partial recovery → World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II represent a period of self-destruction for Western Europe and the economic revival and political peace established in the second half of the century constituted a partial recovery even if Europe never regained its position as the imperial center of a global network.

question

What was the name of the alliance between Germany, Italy, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the opening of the twentieth century?

answer

Triple Alliance → The Triple Alliance was the name given to the alliance of Germany, Italy, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was opposed by the Triple Entente made up of Russia, France, and Great Britain.

question

Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression in the United States?

answer

Massive unemployment and economic distress → At its worst, the Great Depression in the United States was marked by 30% unemployment.

question

In what way was war central to the Nazi agenda?

answer

Nazi Germany held up war as a means of ennobling humanity and enabling the rise of superior peoples. → Ideas that war ennobled humanity and strengthened races were at the core of Nazi ideology.

question

Which region was most successful in recovering from the Great Depression?

answer

Germany → The most successful efforts to cope with the Depression occurred in Nazi Germany and Japan. The Soviet Union largely avoided the Great Depression and so did not require a successful recovery.

question

Which of the following was a factor that motivated the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor?

answer

An American oil embargo was imposed on Japan in July 1941. → The American oil embargo threatened Japan's access to this essential fuel, forcing in Japan's eyes decisive action.

question

What is import substitution industrialization as promoted by governments in Latin America during the Great Depression?

answer

It was a policy designed to achieve greater economic independence by manufacturing goods for the domestic market that used to be imported. → Such policies aimed to end dependence on exports of raw materials toward a policy of generating their own industries.

question

The government established in Germany immediately after World War I was known as

answer

the Weimar Republic. → The republic that came to power at the end of World War I was known as the "Weimar Republic."

question

Which of the following is a true statement concerning the role played by women in World War II?

answer

German and Japanese women were less likely to work in war factories than Soviet and American women. → A much smaller percentage of women in Germany and Japan worked in war factories, in part because of these nations' conservative views on women's roles outside the family.

question

Which of the following statements best describes fascism?

answer

Fascism was a political ideology that advocated intense nationalism and a sense of national destiny. → Part of fascism's enormous appeal was that it swept people up into patriotic fervor and encouraged them to work for the good of the nation.

question

Which of the following states enjoyed significant economic growth in the 1930s, while the rest of the world was sunk deep in the Great Depression?

answer

USSR → The Soviet Union's government succeeded in creating almost full employment with a massive program of industrialization and rebuilding.

question

Which of these statements is true of fascism in Germany but not Italy?

answer

Its members claimed racial superiority and made a policy of persecuting minorities. → German racists were very fond of declaring themselves the "master race" and launched racist policies that led to the death of 6 million Jews; in Italy, though, minorities were much more deeply integrated into society and racism was not a central issue.

question

Which of the following is true of President Roosevelt's New Deal program?

answer

It created a number of government agencies that regulated and supervised the economy to an unprecedented degree. → The mounting number of government agencies marked a new degree of federal regulation and supervision of the economy.

question

What happened to the pope when the fascists came to power in Italy?

answer

The pope made a series of agreements with Mussolini that made the Vatican a sovereign state and protected Church property. → The Lateran Accords of 1929 between Pope Pius IX and Mussolini ensured and even expanded papal rights in Italy.

question

Which of the following was a motivation for the United States to invest $12 billion dollars in the Marshall Plan?

answer

Genuine humanitarian concern → Genuine humanitarian concern for war-ravaged Europe played a role, as did a desire to prevent a new depression by creating overseas customers for American industrial goods and an interest in undermining the growing appeal of European communist parties.

LearningCurve Ch. 20: Collapse at the Center – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards