Flashcards and Answers - Leadership Final

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Select all of the options that correctly characterize transformational leadership

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It results in performance that goes well beyond what is expected It helps followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group.

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Transactional leadership focuses on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers.

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True

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Kouzes and Poshner's five practices that enable leaders to accomplish extraordinary things include all of these except.

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Support contingent reward

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According to the House, which option is not one of the specific types of behaviors commonly exhibited by charismatic leaders?

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Giving structure to complex tasks.

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A strength of the transformational model as its emphasis on followers' needs, values, and morals.

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True

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Select the options that correctly complete this sentence: House notes that effects of charismatic leadership are more likely to occur in

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Stressful situations

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Pseudo-transformational leadership could be described as a form of socialized leadership.

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False

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Laissez-faire leadership represents the absence of leadership.

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True

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Transformational leadership views leaders as social architects.

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True

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Management by exception involves

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Correcting misbehavior of employees

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Transformational leadership does what

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Increases the motivation and morality of followers Helps followers reach their full potential Creates connection between leaders and followers ALL OF THE ABOVE

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Charismatic leadership is often described in ways that make it similar to, if not synonymous with transformational leadership.

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True

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Criticisms of transformational leadership are that it is elitist and antidemocratic, and that it suffers from heroic leadership bias.

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true

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Which option best describes the elements of a model of transformational leadership?

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idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration

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Transactional leadership refers to the bulk of leadership models.

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True

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The emergence of a vision should originate only from the leader, not the followers within the organization.

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False

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Bass and avolio suggest that tranformational leadership cannot be taught, since it results from innate leadership characteristics

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False

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Charismatic leadership transforms followers' self-concepts and tries to link the identity of the followers to the collective identity of the organization

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True

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A criticism of transformational leadership is that it treats leadership as a personality trait.

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True

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Ryan White was more of a transactional leader than a transformational leader

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False

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According to Bass, charisma is a necessary but not sufficient condition for transformational leadership

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True

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A personal trauma that leads a person to becoming an authentic leader is known as a trigger event.

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True

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The first step in using the Authentic Action Wheel is to identify the organization's mission

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False

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Terry's authentic leadership approach focuses on the characteristics of authentic leaders.

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False

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The early research on authentic leadership grew out of an underdeveloped area of which branch of leadership studies?

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Transformational leadership

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According to the Authentic Action Wheel, if employees make comments such as, "What are we doing this for?" or, "The founder of this company would be rolling in his grave right now," their concerns would be diagnosed as a problem related to meaning.

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True

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Relational transparency refers to soliciting viewpoints from those who disagree with you and giving them fair consideration.

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False

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The interpersonal definition of authentic leadership views leadership as

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adapting to the beliefs and values of followers.

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The life story of the leader is an important part of developing authenticity, according to Shamir and Elam.

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True

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The research on authentic leadership is well-developed

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False

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According to Shamir and Elam, an individual needs to be seen as a legitimate leader by his or her followers in order to become an authentic leader.

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True

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According to George's Authentic Leadership Model, strong relationships with followers lead to compassion for those in need.

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False

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Self-discipline is a dimension of authentic leadership in George's model.

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True

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The interpersonal perspective of authentic leadership emphasizes balanced processing and relational transparency.

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False

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The intrapersonal definition of authentic leadership states that leadership

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grows out of the life story of the leader

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In the Authentic Action Wheel, items such as people, capital, information and time belong to the category of "Power."

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False

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The developmental definition of authentic leadership states that leadership

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grow out of the leader's self-awareness and morality

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Which of the following psychological attributes is not part of the Luthans and Avollo's model of authentic leadership?

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Humility

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Which of the following is not a component of Terry's action wheel?

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Skill Set

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Which of the following is not a part of Walumbwa and associates' model of authentic leadership?

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Courage

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There is no single, accepted definition of authentic leadership

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True

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According to the interpersonal perspective, the central tasks of authentic leaders are to express strong values and consistently promote their vision for an organization

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False

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Self-regulation and self-concept are dimensions of the developmental definition of leadership.

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False

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If team goals are unclear, an internal relational intervention is needed to focus on building commitment.

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False

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Current focus has shifted to the study of group dynamics and development of social science theory.

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False

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According to team leadership theory, individuals other than the formal leader can perform the critical leadership functions.

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True

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Flatter organizations refer to the trend of shifting decision-making powers downward in the organizational hierarchy.

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True

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Current research on groups focuses more on team variables, rather than focusing exclusively on outcomes of team performance.

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True

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In virtual teams, task functions are more critical than in traditional, face-to-face teams

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False

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The functional perspective on group leadership contends that the leader has a special responsibility for group effectiveness

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True

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Select all the options that are characteristics of team effectiveness

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External support Unified commitment Collaborative climate Results-driven structure

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In team leadership theory, two of the leader's primary decisions are

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To monitor and take action

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Select all the options that represent items included in the category of internal relational leadership actions.

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Managing conflict and power issues Collaborating-including, involving Satisfying individual member needs Building commitment NOT NETWORKING

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Team leadership capacity includes shared leadership and encompasses the entire team

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True

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McGrath describes diagnosing group deficiences as part of

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Monitoring/Internal

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Leader effectiveness should be assessed, along with team effectiveness in the team leadership model

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True

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Teams with distributed leadership have some advantages over single leader teams

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True

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For leaders, McGrath's critical leadership functions include which types of group? (Select all that apply.)

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Forecasting environmental changes Preventing deleterious changers diagnosing group deficiences

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Team effectiveness is evaluated on which desired team outcomes?

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Performance and development

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The Team Leadership Model provides the leader or a designated team member with a mental road map to diagnose team problems

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True

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Effective team leaders need to have a wide repertoire of skills

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True

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Select all the options that represent types of leadership decisions

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Internal or external Task or relational Monitor or take action

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Most experts agree that team leadership is a single process

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False

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Team goals needs to be very clear

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True

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According to Zaccaro, principled leadership influences team effectiveness through which of the following processes?

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Cognitive, motivational, affective and integrative

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Networking and advocating are examples of external team leadership actions

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True

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A mistake commonly made is to call a work group a "team" but treat it as a collection of individuals.

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True

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The interactive social character emphasize stability, organizational loyalty and autonomy.

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False.

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A parent-child comment by the leader is likely to cause a parent to parent comment from the subordinate.

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False

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Psychodynamic theory focuses heavily on the personal awareness of the leader.

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True

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An underlying assumption of the psychodynamic approach is that a person's behavior results from the entire emotional residue of prior experience.

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True

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Transactional analysis only focuses on the individual.

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False

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Which are the key elements of a productive person when considering personality types? (Select all that apply.

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Guided by reason Active or proactive Understands his/her own situation

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In the parent ego state, thoughts, feelings and behaviors are a result of current happenings.

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False

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The adapted child is a person who acts and feels like an uninhibited and unsocialized child.

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False

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A strength of the psychodynamic approach is that it discourages manipulative techniques in leadership.

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True

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Select all options that accurately complete this sentence: According to the psychodynamic approach

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Insight into one's own personality is beneficial Learned patterns of family dynamics influence leadership

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The psychodynamic approach has its roots in the work of Freud and Jung.

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True

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According to the text, which is the most productive of Freud's personality types? (Select all that apply.)

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Narcissist Obsessive Erotic

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The child ego state includes thinking, feeling, and behaving as one did as a child.

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True

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Childhood and adolescent experiences are reflected in paternalistic patterns of leadership and management.

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True

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According to Maccoby, how has followership changed in recent times?

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Parental models of authority have decreased in importance

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Why is the psychodynamic approach is criticized? (Select all that apply.)

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It focuses primarily on personalities of leaders and followers It does not lend itself to traditional training It is based on the psychology of the abnormal

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According to the psychodynamic approach, it is quite important for leaders to understand personality types.

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True

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According to Berne's theory, the leader who acts like a parent is likely to get which state(s) in reaction? (Select all that apply.)

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Child

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Social character is a way of looking at leadership

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as being created within a social community

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A subordinate who acts in a dependent manner expects the leader to act from his or her child ego state

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False

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Important concepts in transactional analysis include all of the following, except which one?

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Corrective transactions

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Research shows that male leaders tend to have better developed social skills than female leaders.

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False

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The research on female and male leadership has generally tended to focus on establishing differences between women and men.

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True

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When both genders use an autocratic, directive leadership style, females are evaluated differently than men.

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True

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In the area of human capital differences, select all the options that describe women's situation:

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They occupy more than half of all management and professional positions They confront great barriers to establish mentor relationships They have fewer responsibilities int the same jobs as men

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What did research on transformational leadership find? (Select all that apply.

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Women's styles tend to be more transformational than men's All four components of transformational leadership are positive related to leadership effectiveness Women tend to engage in more contingent reward behavior than men.

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Meta-analysis shows that female and male leaders have many similarities.

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True

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What is the "velvet ghetto"?

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The field of human-resource management

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What factor(s) contribute to leadership effectiveness and rise of female leaders? (Select all that apply.)

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Greater negotiation power than women Effectiveness and predominance of women owned businesses Organizational culture is changing

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Research data suggests the "glass ceiling" is beginning to crack

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True

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Women are stereotyped with agentic characteristics

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False

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Women are less likely than men to negotiate for what they want.

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True

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Which of the following leadership traits or skills is more likely to belong to men than women? (Select all that apply.)

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None of these

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What ideas has the popular press reported? (Select all that apply.)

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Women were inferior to men when it came to leadership Women lacked skills and traits necessary for management success.

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Many studies have shown that organizations often have higher standards of performance and effort for women

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True

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What did meta-analysis comparing effectiveness of female and male leaders find? (Select all that apply.)

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Women and men were more effective in leadership roles congruent with their gender Overall women and men were equally effective leaders

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Studies have shown that men are less effective than women when they supervise a higher proportion of male subordinates.

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False

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What did meta-analysis of female and male leaders on all characteristics and behaviors find? (Select all that apply.)

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Women were devalued when they worked in male-dominated environments Women were evaluated unfavorably when they used directive or autocratic styles Women were devalued when the evaluators were men

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Meta-analysis shows that women are substantially more effective than men in middle-management positions.

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True

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Developing and promoting women leaders are in the best interest of employers.

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True

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Prejudice is other-oriented rather than self-oriented

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False

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Global leaders needs to be skilled in creating trans-cultural visions

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True

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Which are universally undesirable personality traits of a leader?

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All of the above

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Diversity is an approach or system that concentrates on one culture.

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False

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Hofstede's benchmark research identified five major dimensions on which cultures differ

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True

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Which of these are universally desirable attributes of a leader?

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All of these

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The GLOBE study identified only valued leadership attributes

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False

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What does a definition of culture include

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Customs and scripts of a group Traditions that are shared by a group B and C

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Which of these are applications for culture and leadership?

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All of these

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Globalization originated after the Vietnam War

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False

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The culture and leadership approach focuses on a collection of related ideas rather than a single unified theory

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True

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According to implicit leadership, which of these is true?

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Followers have implicit beliefs and convictions about leaders

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Which of these is not one of the global leadership characteristics?

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Self-directive leadership

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Globalization has created a need to understand how cultural differences affect leadership performance.

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True

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Ethnocentrism can be a major obstacle to effective leadership

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True

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A strength of the GLOBE study is that it provided a classification of cultural dimensions that is more expansive than Hofstede's classification system.

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True

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Which options are included in the five cross-cultural competencies for leaders?

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All of these

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One of the GLOBE cultural dimensions, power distance, is defined as the degree to which members of a group favor strategic physical distance close to or away from others.

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False

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Which of these are cultural dimension(s), according to the GLOBE study?

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All of these

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Deontological theory focuses primarily on the consequences (ends or purposes) of an individual's actions.

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True

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Heifetz uses the term "holding environment" to mean an environment with trust, nurturance, and empathy.

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True

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Ethical theory provides a system of rules or principles that guide us in making decisions about what is right or wrong.

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True

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A servant leader focuses on using institutional power and control.

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False

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What is utilitarianism is concerned with?

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Creating the greatest good for the greatest number

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Select all the teleological theories

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Ethical egoism Utilitarianism Altruism

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Select all the options that accurately describe ethics

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Ethics focus on the virtuousness of inidividuals and their motives

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Virtue-based theories

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Are about leader's character

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The influence dimension of leadership places an enormous ethical burden on leaders

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True

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Conduct and character are the two domains of ethical theory

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True

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Select the options that relate to Greenleaf's theory of servant leadership

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Influenced by the writing of Hermann Hesse leaders should be concerned with society's have nots

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Ethical egoism is concerned with doing the greatest good for the greatest number

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False

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An altruistic leader acts so as to create the greatest good for her or himself.

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False

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Select all Burns' contentions

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Leadership has a moral dimension leaders should move followers to a higher level of morality Leaders should be involved in followers' personal struggles with conflicting values

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Heifetz, Burns and Greenleaf all believe that the leader/follower relationship is central to ethical leadership.

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True

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Select all the options included in the five principles of ethical leadership.

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Showing justice manifesting honesty providing service respecting others building community

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The ethics of leaders have little impact on the ethical climate of their organizations.

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False

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Virtue-based theories of ethics focus on the conduct of leaders rather than who they are as people.

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False

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Why is ethics is central to leadership? (Select all that apply.)

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The process of influence the impact leaders have on establishing the organization's values the need to engage followers to accomplish mutual goals

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The theory of virtue-based ethics suggests that practicing good values leads to increased virtuousness.

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True

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How do servant leaders show respect for others

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Listening closely to subordinates being empathic being tolerant of opposing points of view

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Transformational leadership's view of ethics is really the same as that of the other approaches to leadership

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False

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The construct of servant leadership can be summarized as an altruistic calling.

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True

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Which two broad domains do ethical theories fall within?

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Conduct and character

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Select all the actions in which we can observe altruistic service.

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Empowering Mentoring team building

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Concern about the ethics of leaders is a relatively recent phenomenon

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False

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The two major domains of ethical theory are conduct and character

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True

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Heifetz, Burns and Greenleaf all suggest that an ethic of caring is important in organizations.

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True

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How does a leader show his or her respect for other?

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Listening closely to subordinates being tolerant of opposing points of view being empathic

Flashcards and Answers – Leadership Final

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