LE: Chapter 14: Classification of Organisms – Flashcards

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binomial nomenclature
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a system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name
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genus
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Group of closely related species, and the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature
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family
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(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera
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order
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(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families
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phylum
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(biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants
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kingdom
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one of seven biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia
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domain
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Most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom
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biological species
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a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but are unable to produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other populations
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phylogeny
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The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
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convergent evolution
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process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
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analogous character
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similar features of organisms that evolve independently
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cladistics
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method of organizing species by evolutionary relationships in which species are grouped according to the order that they diverged from their ancestral line
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ancestral character
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A character that evolved in a common ancestor among two different groups
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derived character
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homologous characteristic that unites organisms as a group
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cladogram
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diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
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evolutionary systematic
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taxonomists give varying degrees of importance to characters and thus produce a subjective analysis of evolutionary relationships
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phylogenetic tree
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a family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
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taxonomy
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the science of naming and classifying organisms
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