Latin Grammar Test Questions – Flashcards
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What two sorts of adjectives are there?
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1st/2nd delclension e.g bonus, a, um etc and 3rd declension e.g. fortis
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What do adjectives HAVE to agree with?
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Must agree with noun they are describing in number (sing/pl), gender (m/f/n), and case (nom, acc, gen, dat)
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For example....
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Pulchra matches puella because they are both feminine, singular and nominative
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the nominative sing group 1
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-a
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The nominative sing group 2
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-us
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the nominative sing group 3
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-?
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the accusative sing group 1
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-am
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the accusative sing group 2
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-um
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the accusative sing group 3
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-em
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the dative sing group 1
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-ae
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the dative sing group 2
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-o
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the dative sing group 3
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-i
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the nominative plural group 1
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-ae
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the nominative plural group 2
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-i
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the nominative plural group 3
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-es
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the accusative plural group 1
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-as
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the accusative plural group 2
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-os
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the accusative plural group 3
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-es
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the dative plural group 1
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-is
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the dative plural group 2
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-is
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the dative plural group 3
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-ibus
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the genetive sing group 1
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-ae
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the genetive sing group 2
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-i
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the genetive sing group 3
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-is
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the genetive plural group 1
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-arum
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the genetive plural group 2
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-orum
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the genetive plural group 3
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-(i)um
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What is the nominative case?
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The 'do-er' SUBJECT
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What is the accusative case?
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The 'done to' OBJECT
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What is the dative case?
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The GIVING case 'to/for'
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What is the genetive case?
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The POSSESSIVE case 'of/any name with apostrophe to indicate possession of something
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hic and ille
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Words for this and that
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What does hic and ille change to agree with
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The word they are describing
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hic vir est Barbillius
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This man is Barbillius- Barbillius is nominative and sing, hic is nominative and sing
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What is plural of this
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These
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What is plural of that
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Those
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That nominative masc
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Ille
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That nominative fem
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Illa
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That nominative neuter
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Illud
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That accusative masc
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illum
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That accusative fem
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Illam
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That accusative neuter
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Illud
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That nominative plural masc
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Illi
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That nominative plural fem
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Illae
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That nominative plural neuter
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X
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That accusative plural masc
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Illos
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That accusative plural fem
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Illas
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That accusative plural neuter
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X
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this nominative masc
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Hic
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This nominative fem
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Haec
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This nominative neuter
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Hoc
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This accusative masc
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Hunc
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This accusative fem
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Hanc
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This accusative neuter
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Hoc
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This nominative plural masc
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Hi
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This nominative plural fem
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Hae
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This nominative plural neuter
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X
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This accusative plural masc
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Hos
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This accusative plural fem
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Has
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This accusative plural neuter
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X
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Imperatives are...
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Orders
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What are imperatives normally shown with?
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Exclamation mark
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How do imperatives change in latin
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Endings change depending on how many people you are ordering
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How do you form imperative? (For sing)
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Take the infinitive e.g. Portare, chop off -re for singular ending = porta! = carry!
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How do you form imperative? (For plural)
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Take the infinitive, chop off -re and add -TE for plural ending= portate! = carry!
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How to form negative imperative:
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Noli is for singular and nolite is for plural, either one goes before INFINITIVE. For example noli dormire! Don't sleep! Nolite dormire!- Don't sleep! ( plural)
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Present participles : what are they?
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There are normal (indicative) verbs with a person ie i run, you run, he runs etc. There verbs in english without person e.g running, walking, eating, swimming, laughing, and shooting etc. Latin participles change their endings to agree with noun they describe
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Nominative sing pp:
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Portans, docens, trahens, audiens
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Accusative sing pp:
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Portantem, docentem, trahentem, audientem
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Nominative plural pp:
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Portantes, docentes, trahentes, audientes
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Accusative plural pp:
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Portantes, docentes, trahentes, audientes
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Example of pp: pueri per viam currentes quintum conspexit
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They boys running through the street saw Quintus
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Example of pp: rex milites, pro templo sedentes, spectabat
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The king was watching the soldiers sitting in front of the temple
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Example of pp: puellae in horto ambulantes, rosas viderunt
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The girls walkinh in the garden, saw roses
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Example of pp: spectatores sacerdotem e templo discedentem
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The spectators saw the priest leaving from the temple.
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Example of pp: fur e villa effugit, cachinnans
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The thief escaped from the house, laughing
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Pluperfect tense
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Perfect stem + imperfect tense of sum
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How do you get the perfect stem?
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Take away the perfect ending (i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt) from the 3rd principle part e.g. portavistis- istis = portav
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What is the plueperfect translated to?
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'Had' done something
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Portav + eram=
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I had carried
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Eram
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I had
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Eras
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You had
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Erat
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He/she/it had
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Eramus
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We had
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Eratis
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You (pl) had
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Erant
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They had
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What is you pl had praised in latin?
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Laudaveratis
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What is ambulaveram?
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I had walked
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What is festinaveram?
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I had hurried
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What is we had hurried?
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Festinaveramus
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Esse
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To be
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Posse
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To be able
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Velle
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to want/ wish
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Conjugated esse (present) - i am
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Sum es est sumus estis sunt
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Conjugated esse (imperfect) - i was
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Eram eras erat eramus eratis erant
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Conjugated posse (present)- i am able
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Possum potes potest possumus potestis possunt
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Conjugated posse (imperfect) - i was able
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Poteram poteras poterat poteramus poteratis poterant
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Conjugated velle (present) - i want
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Volo vis vult volumus vultis volunt
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Conjugated velle (imperfect) i was wanting
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Volebam volebas volebat volebamus volebatis volebant
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Presnt verb endings regular
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O s t mus tis nt
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Imperfect verb endings regular
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Bam bas bat bamus batis bant
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Perfect verb endings regular
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I isti it imus istis erunt
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Portavi
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I carried
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Portabas
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You were carrying
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Conjugated nolle (present) i dont want
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Nolo non vis non vult volumus non vultis nolunt
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Conjugated nolle (imperfect) i didnt want
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Nolebam nolebas nolebat nolebamus nolebatis nolebant
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How do you make regular verbs infinitive?
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Add -re, respondo- respondere, porta- portare
