latin 1 2nd semester exam: language facts – Flashcards
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the stem of 1st conjugation verbs ends in ____
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ā
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the stem of 2nd conjugation verbs ends in ____
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ē
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1st person singular passive adds ___ to ________________
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r, the first person singular active
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infinitive of 3rd conjugation verbs has (long or short) -e before -re
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short
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infinitive of 2nd conjugation verbs has (long or short) -e before -re
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long
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what ending does the present passive infinitive of 3rd conjugation have
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-ī minus the -e
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translate into latin: we are prepared
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pararemur
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translate into latin: to become accustomed
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solēre
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translate into latin: we teach
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docemus
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translate into latin: they are sought
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petuntur
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an ablative noun describing the way in which an action took place
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ablative of manner
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(with no preposition), describes the means or instrument by or with which an action is performed
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ablative of instrument
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indicates by what PERSON something is done.
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ablative of agent
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what preposition does the ablative of agent always follow
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ā/ab
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used with verbal expressions of freeing, lacking, & separation
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ablative of separation
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the ablative of separation usually (does or doesn't) have a preposition
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doesn't
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what is the ablative of separation closely related to
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ablative of place from which
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the ablative of place from which usually (does or doesn't) have a preposition
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does
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Change the sentence by putting the noun in parentheses into the ablative case, keeping the same number. Translate the sentence & identify the type of ablative: Praemium meum exspecto. (gaudium)
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Praemium meum cum gaudio exspecto.; ablative of manner; I am awaiting my reward with joy.
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Change the sentence by putting the noun in parentheses into the ablative case, keeping the same number. Translate the sentence & identify the type of ablative: Multos miseros senes vidēre possum. (oculi mei)
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Multus miseros senes videre possum I am able to see
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what case is place to which expressed by
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accusative
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what prepositions are usually with the place to which
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ad or in
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4th conjugation is formed by adding _____ to the verb _____.
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personal endings, stem
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what vowel appears in 3rd person plural?
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u
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translate into english: scitur
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he is to be known
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translate into english: venīre
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to come
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translate into english: sciuntur
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they are known
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translate into english: scimini
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y'all are known
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translate into english: sciri
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to be known
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what is the one exception for 3rd declension neuter nouns? (they follow the 3rd declension pattern of masculine & feminine nouns)
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the plural nominative, accusative, & vocative are always the same (NAV)
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Make the adjective agree with the noun in case, number, & gender & translate each phrase: ducī (severus)
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severī
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Make the adjective agree with the noun in case, number, & gender & translate each phrase: corporis (pulcher)
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pulchrī
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what are the 3 types of 3rd declension i-stem nouns
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1. same number of syllables in nominative singular & genitive singular 2. one syllable in nominative singular; the base from the genitive singular ends in 2 consonants 3. neuters in -al, -ar, -e
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what is the only difference between 3rd declension i-stem nouns & other 3rd declension nouns
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the additional vowel i in the genitive plural ending -ium & in the ending -ia for the neuter plural nominative, accusative, & vocative endings, as well as the ablative ending -ī instead of -e for neuter nouns
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a special group of 3rd conjugation verbs whose 1st principal part ends in -io
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3rd -io verbs
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what do the present tense of 3rd -io verbs add before the 1st singular & the 3rd plural endings
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-i
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what are 3 examples of 3rd -io verbs
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capio, fugio, cupio
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translate into english: cupiunt
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they are wanted
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translate into english: fugimus
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we flee
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translate into english: cupior
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i am wanted
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translate into english: fugitis
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you all flee
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fill in the blank by changing the verb from the first sentence to complete the meaning of the second sentence. translate the changed sentence: Ulixes dicit: "Magnum equum ligneum aedificare cupio." Graeci dicunt: "Nos (we) magnum equum ligneum aedificare ___________."
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cupimus,
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fill in the blank by changing the verb from the first sentence to complete the meaning of the second sentence. translate the changed sentence: Consilia contra Graecos capio. Consilia a me (by me) contra Graecos _________."
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capiuntur
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fill in the blank by changing the verb from the first sentence to complete the meaning of the second sentence. translate the changed sentence: Ex urbe Troianorum fugimus. Ego ex urbe Troianorum ____________."
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fugio
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used to modify or describe nouns
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adjectives
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what are the 3 patterns of 3rd declension adjectives
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3 nominative ending adjectives, 2 nominative ending adjectives, 1 nominative ending adjectives
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all the case endings of 3rd declension adjectives follow the general pattern of 3rd declension nouns except for which forms
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nominative singular
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what are the endings of 3rd declension adjectives the same as
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i-stem neuter 3rd declension nouns
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keeping the same case, number, & gender, replace the adjective with the one in parentheses: verba magna (celeber)
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verba celeberia
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keeping the same case, number, & gender, replace the adjective with the one in parentheses: dominarum pulchrarum (felix)
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dominarum felicium
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keeping the same case, number, & gender, replace the adjective with the one in parentheses: civis mali (fortis)
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civis fortis
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keeping the same case, number, & gender, replace the adjective with the one in parentheses: hosti iusto (felix)
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hosti felici
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form where an adjective can be used by itself, without any noun form
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substantive adjective
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often used in a substantive adjective manner
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neuter plural adjective
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translate into english: Pulchra non semper servamus.
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we don't always save beautiful things.
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translate into english: Fortes non semper vincunt.
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They don't always conquer the brave.
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used for a narrative in the past
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imperfect
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what does imperfect represent action as
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continuous
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what does the word "imperfect" actually mean
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not completed, not perfect
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give 3 english translations we use to translate the imperfect tense
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1. used to 2. were/was being 3. kept on
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what letters serve as the tense indicator of the imperfect
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ba
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translate into english: petebatis
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you all used to seek
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translate into english: cogitabamus
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we used to think
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translate into english: intellegebas
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you used to understand
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translate into english: dolebant
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they used to feel pain
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translate into english: liberabamur
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we used to be freed
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change the following imperfect active verb into the imperfect passive, keeping the same person & number. translate the passive forms:
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liberabamur; we were freed
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change the following imperfect active verb into the imperfect passive, keeping the same person & number. translate the passive forms: timebant
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timebantur; they were feared
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change the following imperfect active verb into the imperfect passive, keeping the same person & number. translate the passive forms: credebas
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credebaris; you were believed
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what 2 verbs do not have a passive voice
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sum & possum
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translate into latin: (we) were able to
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poteramus
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translate into latin: (he) was
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erat
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translate into latin: (they) were
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erant
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translate into latin: (you [plural]) were
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eratis
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translate into latin: (we) were
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eramus
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first person pronoun singular
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ego mei mihi me me
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first person pronoun plural
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nos nostrum/nostri nobis nos nobis
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second person pronoun singular
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tu tui tibi te te
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second person pronoun plural
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vos vestrum/vestri vobis vos vobis
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fill in the blank with the correct form of the first or second person pronoun & translate the changed sentence: ________ valde amamus. Itaque nos quoque amare debetis.
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vos; we love you very much
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fill in the blank with the correct form of the first or second person pronoun & translate the changed sentence: De _________ semper cogitatis. Itaque de vobis semper cogitare debeo.
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me; you all always think about me
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fill in the blank with the correct form of the first or second person pronoun & translate the changed sentence: _________ sum felix. Esne ______ felix?
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ego; i'm happy tu; are you happy?
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is, ea, id chart: masculine singular
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is eius ei eum eo
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is ea id chart: masculine plural
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ei (ii) eorum eis (iis) eos eis (iis)
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is ea id chart: feminine singular
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ea eius ei eam ea
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is ea id chart: feminine plural
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eae earum eis (iis) eas eis (iis)
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is ea id chart: neuter singular
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id eius ei id eo
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is ea id chart: neuter plural
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ea eorum eis (iis) ea eis (iis)
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change the noun in parentheses to the correct corresponding form of is, ea, id: Magna praemia (civibus) dantur.
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eis
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change the noun in parentheses to the correct corresponding form of is, ea, id: Mucius e (regis) castris non fugit.
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eius
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change the noun in parentheses to the correct corresponding form of is, ea, id: Miles (vellum) non timetable.
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id
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change the noun in parentheses to the correct corresponding form of is, ea, id: Rex (Mucio) non credit.
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ei
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change the noun in parentheses to the correct corresponding form of is, ea, id: Templum a (duce) aedificatur.
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eo
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what do possessive adjectives agree in with the noun to which they refer
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case, number, & gender
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my (declines like bonus, bona, bonum)
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meus, mea, meum
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your (singular) (declines like bonus, bona, bonum)
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tuus, tua, tuum
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our (declines like pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum)
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noster, nostra, nostrum
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your (plural) (declines like pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum)
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vester, vestra, vestrum
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translate into latin: of my sons
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meorum filiorum
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translate into latin: to our daughter
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nostrae filiae
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translate into latin: our daughters (accusative)
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nostras filias
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translate into latin: with your (plural) horse
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vestro equo
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Supply the correct form of the possessive adjective in parentheses: A filio _____ equus ducebatur. (our)
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A filio nostro
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Supply the correct form of the possessive adjective in parentheses: Praemium ______ capis. (your)
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praemium tuum
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what english words does the word vis give us
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force, violence, strength, energy, military forces
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the mood that commands are in
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imperative
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states the simple fact of an action
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indicative
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for verbs of all four conjugations, the singular form is identical to the stem (ending -a, -ē, -e, & ī) the imperative of the -io verbs looks like that of 3rd conjugation verbs
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singular active command
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the plural imperative form of all conjugations ends in -te
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plural active command
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what do you use followed by an infinitive for a negative command
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noli (singular) or nolite (plural)
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change the following present active infinitive into the imperative form indicated in parentheses: pugnare (plural)
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pugnite
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change the following present active infinitive into the imperative form indicated in parentheses: ostendere (singular)
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ostende
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change the following present active infinitive into the imperative form indicated in parentheses: mittere (plural)
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mittite
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change the following positive imperatives into the negative: pugnate!
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nolite pugnare
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change the following positive imperatives into the negative: dolete!
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nolite mittere
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change the following positive imperatives into the negative: cape!
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noli capere
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when the genitive of the personal pronoun expresses the totality, a part of which is indicated
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partitive
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when the genitive of the personal pronoun is joined to a noun that is closely related to a verb
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objective
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Translate into English: Omnes vestrum homines importuni audire cupiunt.
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All of you seem to flee annoying men.
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Translate into English: Da mihi auxilium propter tuum mei amorem!
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Give me help on account of your love of me.
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forms of suus, sua, suum are used to refer to the __________ & are called _______
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subject of the sentence, reflexive
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the genitive of __________ is used to refer to someone/something other than the subject
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is, ea, id (eius, eorum/earum)
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Fill in the blank with the correct 3rd person possessive pronoun (his, her, its, their) & translate the sentence: Iudicem timeo atque ________verba exspecto.
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I fear the judge and expect his words. Iudicem timeo atque eius verba exspecto.
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Fill in the blank with the correct 3rd person possessive pronoun (his, her, its, their) & translate the sentence: Roma est militum patria. Milites pro patria ______ pugnant.
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Rome is the country of soldiers. The soldiers fight for their own land. Roma est militia patria. Milites pro patria sure pugnant.
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counting numbers
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cardinal numbers
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numbers that give order
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ordinal numbers
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active form of the future tense of 1st & 2nd conjugation verbs
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stem + bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitus, bunt
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passive form of the future tense of 1st & 2nd conjugation verbs
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stem + bor, beris, bitur, bimur, bimini, buntur
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change the following verb into future active, in the person & number indicated. translate the new form: doceo (2nd person singular)
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docebis, you will teach
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change the following verb into future active, in the person & number indicated. translate the new form: doleo (1st person plural)
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dolebimus, we will hurt
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change the following verb into future active, in the person & number indicated. translate the new form: servo (3rd person singular)
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servabit, she will save
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change the present or imperfect tense verb into the future, keeping the same person, number, & voice. translate the changed form: navigat
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navigabit, she will sail
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future indicative of sum (singular)
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ero eris erit
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future indicative of sum (plural)
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erimus eritis erunt
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future indicative of possum (singular)
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potero poteris poterit
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future indicative of possum (plural)
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poterimus poteritis poterunt
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change the present or imperfect verb into the future, keeping the same person & number. translate both forms: erant
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erunt, they will be
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change the present or imperfect verb into the future, keeping the same person & number. translate both forms: sumus
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erimus, we will be
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change the present or imperfect verb into the future, keeping the same person & number. translate both forms: eras
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eris, you will be
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what does a relative clause begin with
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a relative pronoun
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usually precedes the relative clause, the relative pronoun stands in for this
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antecedent
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a relative pronoun has the same ________ as its antecedent
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number & gender
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what does a relative pronoun get its case from
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how it is used in its own clause
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3rd conjugation verbs form their future by adding to the stem ______
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personal endings: m, s, t, mus, tis, nt (active) r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur (passive)
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what does the -e- of the stem change to in the first person active & passive of 3rd conjugation verbs
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-a-
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4th conjugation verbs form their future by adding ______ to the stem in the 1st person active & passive
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-a-
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4th conjugation verbs form their future by adding _____ to the stem in the 2nd & 3rd persons
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-e-
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in the 3rd conjugation ____________ are identical, aside from the length of the vowel -e-
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future & present passive indicative 2nd person singular
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you are being abandoned
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relinqueris
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you will be abandoned
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relinquēris
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change the present or imperfect tense verbs into the future, keeping the same person, number, & voice. translate the new form: ostendebar
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ostendar, I will be
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change the present or imperfect tense verbs into the future, keeping the same person, number, & voice. translate the new form: faciebat
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faciet, he will do
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what is the interrogative adjective identical to
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the relative pronoun
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what is the interrogative pronoun identical to
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the relative pronoun only in the plural
