question

Induction, excitement, operative, overdose Which of the four stages of anesthesia should be attained before surgery is started on an animal?

answer

Operative

question

What are the four stages of anesthesia?

answer

Induction ,excitement. operative, and overdose

question

All animals should be routinely fasted before anesthesia.

answer

False

question

Why is it not generally necessary to fast rodents and rabbits prior to anesthesia

answer

Because they don't have a vomiting reflex.

question

What best defines a drug dose?

answer

Amount of drug given at one time

question

Who usually decides on the dose rate to be used for a specific drug?

answer

The Veterinarian

question

Dose rates are generally expressed as:

answer

mg/kg

question

Dosage regimen refers to the complete description of the therapeutic drug treatment, including the:

answer

dose, route of administration (for example, SC), frequency of administration (for example, twice daily),; duration (for example, 1 week).

question

In selecting the dose rate for a drug: the first consideration is what effect is desired:

answer

sedation, analgesia, or anesthesia.

question

Even a slight dose miscalculation can result in the:

answer

animal feeling pain during a procedure if the dose is insufficient.

question

The anesthesia plan typically includes the consideration of these elements:

answer

pre-anesthetic treatment, anesthetic induction, anesthesia maintenance, and post-operative analgesia.

question

What is one reason to use a pre-anesthetic treatment?

answer

Reduce the amount of anesthetic needed

question

Atropine and glycopyrrolate are which type of drugs?

answer

Anticholinergics

question

In which group does acetylpromazine belong?

answer

Tranquilizer and sedatives

question

Which of the following is an effect of phenothiazine tranquilizers?

answer

Muscle relaxation, peripheral Vasadilation, reduce anxiety.

question

Phenothiazine tranquilizers can be used as analgesics

answer

False

question

Xylazine is a sedative that has an analgesic effect.

answer

True

question

Xylazine is which type of drug?

answer

Alpha 2-adrenergic agonist

question

Benzodiazepine tranquilizers do not have analgesic properties.

answer

True

question

Pentobarbital has little analgesic action unless;

answer

animals are deeply anesthetized.

question

Barbiturates are widely used for animal anesthesia because:

answer

They are easy to administer and quite inexpensive. They also provide a relatively long duration of anesthesia with a single dose. When given IV, barbiturates cause a rapid loss of consciousness

question

The use of pentobarbital (Nembutal®) is often discouraged, although ;;;

answer

Some applications may justify its use.

question

Recovery from pentobarbital anesthesia is also slow and difficult compared with other anesthetic agents.

answer

True

question

Thiopental (Pentothal®) is similar to pentobarbital, but ;;

answer

has a few very specific differences.

question

Thiopental should only be given IV as it can cause severe tissue damage if it comes into contact with tissues when administered any other way (IM, IP, or SC).

answer

True

question

the pharmaceutical grade tribromoethanol, is no longer commercially available in the United States. Nevertheless, this anesthetic agent is still commonly given the name of :.

answer

Avertin.

question

Barbiturates provide a relatively short duration of anesthesia.

answer

False

question

The use of pentobarbital is generally recommended for most animals

answer

False

question

Describe a good way to give an anesthetic "to effect" using the intravenous route.

answer

Half the dose is injected at once; the rest is injected in small amounts as needed until the desired stage of anesthesia is reached.

question

What is a common side effect of anesthesia induced with pentobarbital?

answer

Hypothermia

question

If a pentothal solution has precipitated, it can still be used as long as it is shaken to make sure that the solid particles go back into solution.

answer

False

question

What is a serious complication associated with the use of the anesthetic tribromoethanol?

answer

Intestinal ileus

question

The action of ketamine (Kitset®, Vetalar®) differs from that of all the other anesthetics discussed in this text. It produces dissociative anesthesia.

answer

True

question

The action of ketamineIn large animals, it produces profuse salivation, but this effect can be prevented by::

answer

premedicating the animal with atropine or glycopyrrolate.

question

which are the routes to inject ketamine?

answer

The drug is commonly administered by the IP, IM, or SC

question

This drug is used as an anesthetic in experiments on animal physiology because it does not depress the respiratory or cardiovascular systems is called?

answer

Alpha-chloralose:

question

There is evidence that Alpha-chloralose: is carcinogenic and therefore it must be used with protective equipment as:

answer

fume hood, proper PPE

question

To provide muscle relaxation and prevent seizures, ketamine must be used in combination with a

answer

a tranquilizer or sedative.

question

Which statement applies to ketamine?

answer

It is used in conjunction with anticholinergics in large animals. It causes a rise in blood pressure. It leads to catalepsy

question

What type of drug reverses the action of another drug?

answer

Antagonist

question

What type of drug decreases saliva production

answer

Anticholinergic

question

Why are ketamine injections administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous routes painful?

answer

The solution PH is irritating

question

Why is alpha-chloralose used in experiments on animal physiology?

answer

It does not depress the respiratory or cardiovascular systems.

question

Anesthetic Agents for Fish ; Amphibians Tricaine methanesulfonate, also called ?

answer

MS-222 (Finquel®), is: useful for anesthetizing fish and amphibians

question

Which of the following is a common anesthetic for use with fish and amphibians?

answer

Tricaine methanesulfonate

question

Inhalant anesthetics, also called ?

answer

volatile anesthetics or gaseous anesthetics, are administered by having the animal inhale the vapor of the anesthetic agent.

question

Unlike injectable anesthetics, which must be metabolized and excreted by the liver and kidneys, inhalant anesthetics are passed out of the body by

answer

way of the lungs chemically unchanged

question

a commonly used gaseous anesthetic in veterinary medicine is called?

answer

Isoflurane

question

Nitrous oxide is supplied in pressurized tanks, similar to oxygen. In the United States, the nitrous oxide tanks and all associated hoses and fixtures are

answer

color-coded blue to distinguish them from other gases. Green for oxygen,Gray for CO2, Yellow for compress air

question

Diethyl ether (often referred to as ether) was once commonly used as an animal anesthetic, but this practice was discontinued because;;

answer

of danger to personnel and noxious effects on animals.

question

What does a gaseous anesthetic's vapor pressure measure?

answer

Its tendency to evaporate

question

Which statement regarding isoflurane is correct?

answer

Isoflurane has a low tissue solubility.

question

Which statement about diethyl ether is correct?

answer

Diethyl ether is highly irritating to mucous membranes.

question

Which of the following is a description of the open drop system for inhalation anesthesia?

answer

A few drops of anesthetic are put on a cotton ball which is placed in a cone covering the animal's snout.

question

Chambers can be used to anesthetize animals as big as cats and rabbits before intubation

answer

True

question

In rebreathing anesthesia systems, what reaches the animal's lungs?

answer

A mixture of fresh and exhaled gases

question

In rebreathing systems, the concentration of anesthetic is usually expressed as which of the following?

answer

Percentage of anesthetic gas in fresh air

question

The same vaporizer can be used for all anesthetic gases.

answer

False

question

In rebreathing systems, the exhaled gases pass through a canister that absorbs which of the following?

answer

Carbon dioxide

question

When should you replace the soda lime canister in a rebreathing system?

answer

When the indicator turns blue/purple

question

The pressure gauge on an O2 tank provides a good approximation of the amount of gas remaining in the tank.

answer

True

question

The volume of the rebreathing bag in an anesthesia system should be how many times the animal's tidal volume?

answer

6 times

question

What is the tidal volume for most laboratory animals?

answer

15-20 ml/kg

question

If you are anesthetizing a 5 kg dog using a rebreathing system, what capacity would you choose for the rebreathing bag?

answer

600 ml

question

If active scavenging is used, the scavenging system is connected to which part of the rebreathing system?

answer

Pop-off valve

question

When is the best time to fill the vaporizer in an anesthesia system?

answer

Just before leaving for the day

question

Ceiling exhaust fans are a good way to remove WAGs from rooms in which anesthetic gases are used.

answer

False

question

The function of the expandable cuff of the endotracheal tube is to allow the gas to flow through around the tube.

answer

false

question

What is another name for neuromuscular drugs?

answer

Paralytic drugs

question

When using a neuromuscular blocker, the palpebral reflex can be used to check that the animal has reached the correct stage of anesthesia.

answer

False

question

Which of the following must be used in conjunction with neuromuscular blockers during surgical procedures?

answer

An anesthetic agent

question

The common non-invasive method used to monitor blood pressure is by means ;;

answer

of an ultrasonic Doppler flow detector.

question

A pulse oximeter may be used on a range of species, from small rodents to large animals.

answer

True

question

Surgical anesthesia paralyzes the heat regulatory center of the brain, resulting in;;;

answer

a temperature drop in the animal (hypothermia).

question

When tissues take on a bluish color mean the animal is not getting sufficient oxygen, this condition is called?

answer

cyanosis.

question

For most purposes, a heating device should provide a temperature of about

answer

1 to 2 °F higher than the animal's normal body temperature.

question

An anesthetic log should be kept for each animal. How often should vital parameters be recorded?

answer

Every 10-15 minutes

question

An animal's pulse rate can be determined by monitoring its electrocardiogram

answer

True

question

Which following device provides a measure of an animal's pulse rate?

answer

Pulse oximeter

question

Which type of respiration is seen in normal, awake animals?

answer

Thoracic

question

What does an ultrasonic Doppler flow detector measure?

answer

Blood pressure

question

Heating devices used to maintain the body temperature of anesthetized animals should be ___________

answer

1-2 °F higher than the animal's normal body temperature

question

Temperature monitoring should be continued during the recovery period following anesthesia.

answer

True

question

For animals that undergo long procedures under anesthesia, warm saline bags are the best method to use to prevent hypothermia.

answer

false

question

Heat lamps are the best equipment to use to help maintain the animal's body temperature during long surgical procedures.

answer

False

question

whitish appearance of the gingiva of an anesthetized animal is an indication of which of the following?

answer

low blood pressure

question

What is the normal capillary refill time for most laboratory animals?

answer

2 seconds or less

question

The laryngeal reflex is also called the _______ reflex.

answer

Cough

question

Which reflex is not a good indicator of anesthetic depth in rodents?

answer

Palpebral

question

Systemic analgesics used in laboratory animal medicine are divided into two basic categorie

answer

Opioids, non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)

question

Which opioid is available as a transdermal patch?

answer

Fentanil

question

What is the most common side effect of NSAIDSs?

answer

Gastrointestinal irritation

question

Which drug can reverse the effect of opioids?

answer

Nalorphine and naloxone

question

Technologists and supervisors should be able to recognize and handle emergencies and prevent such us

answer

Respiratory problems, cardiac arrest, massive hemorrhage and shock.

question

What is one precaution that must be considered when using urethane as an anesthetic agent?

answer

It must be used with protective equipment.

question

How do you recover an animal that was anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate?

answer

Immerse in fresh water

question

Which statement about nitrous oxide is correct?

answer

The amount of nitrous oxide in the tank can be determined by weighing the tank

question

What does it mean if an inhalant anesthetic has a high tissue solubility?

answer

It will require more of the agent to induce anesthesia.

question

What best describes the palpebral reflex?

answer

Eye reflex

question

Which stage of anesthesia is characterized by the onset of a loss of consciousness?

answer

Induction

question

What defines dosage regimen?

answer

Complete description of the therapeutic drug treatment

question

What best defines a drug dose rate?

answer

Amount of drug per unit of body weight

question

Which statement applies to propofol?

answer

It can be given as a continuous IV infusion.

question

What type of drug decreases saliva production?

answer

Anticholinergic

question

What route should be used to administer thiopental?

answer

Intravenous

question

What is the role of the pop-off valve in a rebreathing system?

answer

It prevents the animal's lungs from over-inflating.

question

Why should ketamine be given in combination with a tranquilizer or sedative?

answer

To provide muscle relaxation and prevent seizures

question

What anesthetic gas can produce a compound that may be toxic to the kidneys when it passes through a soda lime canister?

answer

Sevoflurane

question

What is a common side effect of anesthesia induced with pentobarbital?

answer

Hypothermia

question

Which characteristic does not apply to morphine?

answer

It causes an increase in respiratory rate.

question

Which statement does NOT apply to NSAIDs?

answer

They are controlled substances.

question

Which stage of anesthesia is characterized by the onset of a loss of consciousness?

answer

Induction

question

What is one precaution that must be considered when using urethane as an anesthetic agent?

answer

It must be used with protective equipment.

question

Which of the following is the best definition of tidal volume?

answer

The amount of air taken into the lungs in one breath

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