Laboratory Know How and Scientific Method
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While working in the lab, why should you... *wear safety goggles*?
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to protect eyes from chemicals
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While working in the lab, why should you... *tie back long hair*?
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hair cannot catch fire or get caught in chemicals (get burned either way)
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While working in the lab, why should you... *wear an apron*?
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protect clothing from fire/chemicals
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While working in the lab, why should you... *use only the amounts of materials given in the experiment*?
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so you get the most accurate results
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While working in the lab, why should you... *use clean glassware*?
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so you dont contaminate your experiment
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Why are unused chemcials never returned to their original containers?
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1. so they dont contaminate the original container 2. germs get back into container
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Why are wet sponges used instead of paper towels to remove spilled chemicals from the lab table?
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sponges absorb more liquid
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Why are bottles of chemicals kept tightly closed except when a quantity of chemicals is being removed?
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1. substance cant get out of container 2. contaminate the environment
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State a reason why most chemicals are stored in glass or plastic containers, rather than metallic ones?
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1. metallic and chemicals react 2. so you can see the chemical
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How should you dispose of waste chemicals from your experiment?
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put in a seperate container
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If your skin itches, burns, or appears red while you are using chemicals, what should you do?
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tell the teacher and then the teacher will send you to the nurse
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What procedures should you follow to... *report a laboratory accident resulting in an injury to you?*
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tell the teacher
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What procedures should you follow to... *cope with a fire on your lab table?*
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1. get the fire blanket and sufficate the fire 2. get the fire extingusher **But, you should really tell the teacher and she will take care of it**
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What procedures should you follow to... *dispose of broken glassware?*
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tell the teacher and she will clean it up
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Where is this located in the lab... *fire extingusher?*
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next to the door
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Where is this located in the lab... *fire blanket?*
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under the fan
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Where is this located in the lab... *eyewash?*
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above the sink
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Define - *corrosive*:
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breaking down of chemicals
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Define - *volatile*:
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changes into vapor easily
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Define - *caustic*:
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able to corrode or burn
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Define - *hazardous*:
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dangerous
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Define - *flammable*:
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able to catch fire
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Why is it not advisable to eat or drink in the lab?
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so chemicals don't get into food or contaminate the experiment, it's not clean or safe
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Why should you fasten long hair back?
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it could catch on fire or chemicals (burn either way)
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Why should you wash your hands before leaving the laboratory?
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to get chemicals off your hands ex: a chemical could be on your hand, and then you could rub your face, and it could get into your eye
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When observing the odor of a chemical, why is it advisable to fan the air above the open bottle toward you? Don't put your nose over the bottle.
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because you could get high and if you inhale it, it could burn the cillia in your nose, not good!
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Explain the statement, \"You are only as safe as the least safe person in the laboratory.\"
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anything can happen, you are not always safe all the time
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Identify all 7 steps to the *Scientific Method*
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1. *State the Problem*: the question you want to be answered. 2. *Gather Information*: use books, computers, and other scientists' data 3. *Form a Hypothesis*: use the if... then format 4. *Preform an Experiment* 5. *Read and Analyze Data* 6. *State the Conclusion*: was the hypothesis right or wrong? 7. *Repeat the experiment*: the purpose of this is to make sure there are no *errors*
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Whats a *hypothesis*?
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an educated guess
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Whats a *variable*?
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the object that causes a change and is the factor being teste
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Whats an *experimental group*?
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the group that has the variable in it
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Whats a *control group*?
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the group that doesn't have the variable in it and doesn't change
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Whats a *law*?
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a theory that has been proven true over and over again
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How do you dilute acid?
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Always pour *acid into water*, never water into acid because the acid could splash up at you
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Identify 3 ways to heat a test tube
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1. point test tube away from you and others 2. heat on an angle 3. move test tube as it is being heated
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Describe what an *independant variable* is
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- what is being tested - causes the change -stands alone
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Describe what a *dependant variable* is
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- relys on independant variable
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Whats a *theory*?
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a logical explaination for events that occur in nature
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What is an *experiment*?
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an organized process used to test a hypothesis
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Why is it important to have a control group in the experiment?
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1. so you can have a comparison for the variable 2. to see if the variable caused a change
